译者主体性的阐释学研究
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摘要
在传统翻译研究中,由于作者中心论和原作中心论,译者长期处于“隐形人”身份之下,其在翻译过程中的作用受到忽视。20世纪80年代,译论界发生的文化转向为翻译研究带来了新的曙光,译者的主体性成为中外翻译界关注的热点。而阐释学是一门研究理解和解释的学科,与翻译研究之间有着本质的联系。阐释学中“历史性”、“视野融合”和“效果历史”概念的提出体现了其对主体性的关注。阐释学翻译研究突破了传统的作者至上和追求唯一“标准”翻译的偏见,开始认识到译者身上存在历史性的合理性,以及译者在翻译过程中的积极作用。
《格列佛游记》是爱尔兰作家乔纳森·斯威夫特的杰作,深受世界各国读者的喜爱。自从首次介绍进中国以来,《格列佛游记》多次被不同的译者翻译及重译。本文选取分析了三个译本:清朝末年林纾和魏易合译的《海外轩渠录》、20世纪90年代杨昊成译的《格列佛游记》以及21世纪初王维东译的《格列佛游记》。三个译本都具有较强的代表性,不同的翻译背景和较长的时间跨度使之成为较好的译者主体性阐释学研究的对象。
本文从阐释学的角度对《格列佛游记》三个译本进行分析,意在解释同一作品在不同历史背景下有不同译本的合理性,并说明译者在翻译过程中的重要作用。
In the traditional translation studies, the translator was always put in an invisible place and his function in the process of translation was also neglected because of the author-centered and source-text centered translation theories. In the 1980s, the cultural turn in translation theories bring a new light to translation studies and the translator’s subjectivity has become one of the hot issues concerned by western and Chinese translation communities. Hermeneutics is a discipline about understanding and interpretation. There is an intrinsic relationship between Hermeneutics and translation studies. The concepts of“historicality”,“fusion of horizon”and“effective history”in Hermeneutics embody its stress on subjectivity. Translation studies from the perspective of Hermeneutics no longer adhere to the traditional translation principle of“determinative author”or pursuit the“standard”translation, but begin to recognize the reality of historicality existing in any interpreter and the interpreter’s active role in the process of translation.
Gulliver’s Travels, the Irish writer Jonathan Swift’s masterpiece, is liked by many readers all over the world. In China, it was translated for dozens of times by different translators since the first time it had been introduced to China. This thesis selects and analyzes three of these translation versions; they are Lin Shu & Wei Yi’s Hai Wai Xuan Qu Lu pulished in the late Qing Dynasty, Yang Haocheng’s Ge Lie Fu You Ji published in the 1990s, and Wang Weidong’s Ge Lie Fu You Ji translated at the beginning of the 21st century, and all of them are good representatives of their times. Different backgrounds of these translation versions and the long intervals between them make them proper objects of Hermeneutical study of translator’s subjectivity.
By analyzing the three translation versions of Gulliver’s Travels from the perspective of Hermeneutics, this thesis tries to explain the reasonableness of the phenomenon that the same work is translated differently in different historical conditions and illustrate the translator’s important role in the process of translation.
《格列佛游记》是爱尔兰作家乔纳森·斯威夫特的杰作,深受世界各国读者的喜爱。自从首次介绍进中国以来,《格列佛游记》多次被不同的译者翻译及重译。本文选取分析了三个译本:清朝末年林纾和魏易合译的《海外轩渠录》、20世纪90年代杨昊成译的《格列佛游记》以及21世纪初王维东译的《格列佛游记》。三个译本都具有较强的代表性,不同的翻译背景和较长的时间跨度使之成为较好的译者主体性阐释学研究的对象。
本文从阐释学的角度对《格列佛游记》三个译本进行分析,意在解释同一作品在不同历史背景下有不同译本的合理性,并说明译者在翻译过程中的重要作用。
In the traditional translation studies, the translator was always put in an invisible place and his function in the process of translation was also neglected because of the author-centered and source-text centered translation theories. In the 1980s, the cultural turn in translation theories bring a new light to translation studies and the translator’s subjectivity has become one of the hot issues concerned by western and Chinese translation communities. Hermeneutics is a discipline about understanding and interpretation. There is an intrinsic relationship between Hermeneutics and translation studies. The concepts of“historicality”,“fusion of horizon”and“effective history”in Hermeneutics embody its stress on subjectivity. Translation studies from the perspective of Hermeneutics no longer adhere to the traditional translation principle of“determinative author”or pursuit the“standard”translation, but begin to recognize the reality of historicality existing in any interpreter and the interpreter’s active role in the process of translation.
Gulliver’s Travels, the Irish writer Jonathan Swift’s masterpiece, is liked by many readers all over the world. In China, it was translated for dozens of times by different translators since the first time it had been introduced to China. This thesis selects and analyzes three of these translation versions; they are Lin Shu & Wei Yi’s Hai Wai Xuan Qu Lu pulished in the late Qing Dynasty, Yang Haocheng’s Ge Lie Fu You Ji published in the 1990s, and Wang Weidong’s Ge Lie Fu You Ji translated at the beginning of the 21st century, and all of them are good representatives of their times. Different backgrounds of these translation versions and the long intervals between them make them proper objects of Hermeneutical study of translator’s subjectivity.
By analyzing the three translation versions of Gulliver’s Travels from the perspective of Hermeneutics, this thesis tries to explain the reasonableness of the phenomenon that the same work is translated differently in different historical conditions and illustrate the translator’s important role in the process of translation.
引文
Baker, Monday. Routledge Encyclopedia of Translation Studies. London and New York: Routledge, 2004.
Bassnett, Susan & Lefevere, Andre. Constructing Cultures: Essays on Literary Translation. Shanghai: Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press, 2002.
Cronin, Michael. Translation and Globalization. London: Routledge Taylor & Francis Group, 2003.
Gadamer, Hans-George. Garrett Barden and John Cumming (tr.). Truth and Method, Beijing: China Social Sciences Publishing House, 2001.
Holub, Robert C. Reception Theory, A Critical Introduction. New York: M. ethuen In C, 1984.
Steiner George. After Babel—Aspects of language and Translation. New York and London: Oxford University Press, 1998.
Toury Gideon. Descriptive Translation Studies and Beyond. Amsterdam & Philadelphia: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 1995.
Venuti, Lawrence. The Translator’s Invisibility. London and New York: Routledge, 1995.
蔡新乐郁东占(Cai Xinle, Yu Dongzhan).文学翻译的释义学原理.开封::河南大学出版社, 1997.
蔡新乐郁东占(Cai Xinle,Yu Dongzhan).为什么要将释义学引入文学翻译理论.外国语,1998, (2).
曹波(Cao Bo).格列佛的异化:从经济人到政治人.外语教学,2008, (5).
蕫英(Dong Ying).从《格列佛游记》的两种译本看林纾的翻译.语文学刊, 1998, (4).
耿强(Geng Qiang).对阐释学翻译研究的学科反思.外语研究. 2006, (3).
郭沫若(Guo Moruo).儿童文学之管见.北京:少年儿童出版社, 1990.
洪汉鼎译(Hong Handing).真理与方法.上海:上海译文出版社, 2001.
黄龙胜(Huang Longsheng).阐释学与文学翻译中译者的主体性.东华大学学报, 2005,(2).
蒋玉兰(Jiang Yullan).从儿童文学视角比较《镜花缘》和《格列佛游记》.浙江师范大学学报, 2003, (5).
刘宓庆(Liu Miqing).翻译与语言哲学.北京:中国对外翻译出版公司, 2001.
林纾,魏易(Lin Shu & Wei Yi)译.海外轩渠录.北京:商务印书馆, 1933.
吕俊(Lv Jun).哲学的语言论转向对翻译研究的启示.外国语, 2000, (5).
屠国元,朱献珑(Tu Guoyuan, Zhu Xianlong).译者主体性:阐释学的阐释.中国翻译, 2003, (6).
王宏印(Wang Hongyin).中国传统译论经典诠释.武汉:湖北教育出版社, 2003.
王维东(Wang Weidong).格列佛游记.北京:中国书籍出版社, 2004.
王佐良(Wang Zuoliang).英国散文的流变.北京:商务印书馆, 1998.
许钧,张柏然(Xu Jun & Zhang Bairan).面向21世纪的译学研究.北京:商务印书馆, 2002.
许钧(Xu Jun).翻译论.武汉:湖北教育出版社, 2003.
谢天振(Xie Tianzhen).作者本意和本文本意——解释学理论与翻译研究.外国语,2000, (3).
谢天振(Xie Tianzhen).翻译研究新视野.青岛:青岛出版社, 2003.
熊云甫,张杨莉(Xiong Yufu, Zhang Yangli).《格列佛游记》的讽刺艺术论.湖南文理学院学报, 2008, (3).
杨昊成(Yang Haocheng).格列佛游记.南京:译林出版社, 1995.
袁洪庚(Yuan Honggeng).阐释学与翻译.见杜承南主编《中国当代翻译百论》.重庆:重庆大学出版社, 1994.
杨金华(Yang Jinhua).忧患意识:《格列佛游记》主题探析.佳木斯大学社会科学学报, 2005, (4).
袁莉(Yuan Li).文学翻译主体的诠释学究构想.解放军外国语学院学报, 2003, (3).
杨武能(Yang Wuneng).阐释、接受与再创造的循环.中国翻译, 1987,(6).
杨武能(Yang Wuneng).再谈文学翻译主体.中国翻译, 2003,(3).
张德让(Zhang Derang).伽达默尔哲学解释学与翻译研究.中国翻译,2001, (4).
朱健平(Zhu Jianping).现代阐释学和接受美学在我国翻译研究中的运行轨迹.上海科技翻译. 2002, (1).
查明建,田雨(Zha Mingjian & Tian Yu).论译者主体性—从译者文化地位的边缘化谈起.中国翻译, 2003, (1).
张瑄 (Zhang Xuan).面具人格:格列佛与约里克形象塑造的一个范例.郑州大学学报,2006, (4).
周小玲(Zhou Xiaoling).《格列佛游记》的两个中译本对比谈.湖南师范大学社会科学学报, 2001, (5).
郑振铎(Zheng Zhenduo).林琴南先生.见罗新章主编翻译论集.北京:商务印书馆, 1984.
Bassnett, Susan & Lefevere, Andre. Constructing Cultures: Essays on Literary Translation. Shanghai: Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press, 2002.
Cronin, Michael. Translation and Globalization. London: Routledge Taylor & Francis Group, 2003.
Gadamer, Hans-George. Garrett Barden and John Cumming (tr.). Truth and Method, Beijing: China Social Sciences Publishing House, 2001.
Holub, Robert C. Reception Theory, A Critical Introduction. New York: M. ethuen In C, 1984.
Steiner George. After Babel—Aspects of language and Translation. New York and London: Oxford University Press, 1998.
Toury Gideon. Descriptive Translation Studies and Beyond. Amsterdam & Philadelphia: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 1995.
Venuti, Lawrence. The Translator’s Invisibility. London and New York: Routledge, 1995.
蔡新乐郁东占(Cai Xinle, Yu Dongzhan).文学翻译的释义学原理.开封::河南大学出版社, 1997.
蔡新乐郁东占(Cai Xinle,Yu Dongzhan).为什么要将释义学引入文学翻译理论.外国语,1998, (2).
曹波(Cao Bo).格列佛的异化:从经济人到政治人.外语教学,2008, (5).
蕫英(Dong Ying).从《格列佛游记》的两种译本看林纾的翻译.语文学刊, 1998, (4).
耿强(Geng Qiang).对阐释学翻译研究的学科反思.外语研究. 2006, (3).
郭沫若(Guo Moruo).儿童文学之管见.北京:少年儿童出版社, 1990.
洪汉鼎译(Hong Handing).真理与方法.上海:上海译文出版社, 2001.
黄龙胜(Huang Longsheng).阐释学与文学翻译中译者的主体性.东华大学学报, 2005,(2).
蒋玉兰(Jiang Yullan).从儿童文学视角比较《镜花缘》和《格列佛游记》.浙江师范大学学报, 2003, (5).
刘宓庆(Liu Miqing).翻译与语言哲学.北京:中国对外翻译出版公司, 2001.
林纾,魏易(Lin Shu & Wei Yi)译.海外轩渠录.北京:商务印书馆, 1933.
吕俊(Lv Jun).哲学的语言论转向对翻译研究的启示.外国语, 2000, (5).
屠国元,朱献珑(Tu Guoyuan, Zhu Xianlong).译者主体性:阐释学的阐释.中国翻译, 2003, (6).
王宏印(Wang Hongyin).中国传统译论经典诠释.武汉:湖北教育出版社, 2003.
王维东(Wang Weidong).格列佛游记.北京:中国书籍出版社, 2004.
王佐良(Wang Zuoliang).英国散文的流变.北京:商务印书馆, 1998.
许钧,张柏然(Xu Jun & Zhang Bairan).面向21世纪的译学研究.北京:商务印书馆, 2002.
许钧(Xu Jun).翻译论.武汉:湖北教育出版社, 2003.
谢天振(Xie Tianzhen).作者本意和本文本意——解释学理论与翻译研究.外国语,2000, (3).
谢天振(Xie Tianzhen).翻译研究新视野.青岛:青岛出版社, 2003.
熊云甫,张杨莉(Xiong Yufu, Zhang Yangli).《格列佛游记》的讽刺艺术论.湖南文理学院学报, 2008, (3).
杨昊成(Yang Haocheng).格列佛游记.南京:译林出版社, 1995.
袁洪庚(Yuan Honggeng).阐释学与翻译.见杜承南主编《中国当代翻译百论》.重庆:重庆大学出版社, 1994.
杨金华(Yang Jinhua).忧患意识:《格列佛游记》主题探析.佳木斯大学社会科学学报, 2005, (4).
袁莉(Yuan Li).文学翻译主体的诠释学究构想.解放军外国语学院学报, 2003, (3).
杨武能(Yang Wuneng).阐释、接受与再创造的循环.中国翻译, 1987,(6).
杨武能(Yang Wuneng).再谈文学翻译主体.中国翻译, 2003,(3).
张德让(Zhang Derang).伽达默尔哲学解释学与翻译研究.中国翻译,2001, (4).
朱健平(Zhu Jianping).现代阐释学和接受美学在我国翻译研究中的运行轨迹.上海科技翻译. 2002, (1).
查明建,田雨(Zha Mingjian & Tian Yu).论译者主体性—从译者文化地位的边缘化谈起.中国翻译, 2003, (1).
张瑄 (Zhang Xuan).面具人格:格列佛与约里克形象塑造的一个范例.郑州大学学报,2006, (4).
周小玲(Zhou Xiaoling).《格列佛游记》的两个中译本对比谈.湖南师范大学社会科学学报, 2001, (5).
郑振铎(Zheng Zhenduo).林琴南先生.见罗新章主编翻译论集.北京:商务印书馆, 1984.