论意识形态对清末民初文学翻译的操控
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摘要
上世纪九十年代以来,翻译研究重心从语言内部转向了语言外部,这个重心的转移表明翻译并不仅要重视两种语言或两种文学关系的转换,还要把译本所产生的社会、文化、历史等因素考虑在内。翻译研究代表人物勒弗维尔提出了“操控”理论,翻译被赋予了多学科的视角。近年来,国内外对意识形态的研究与日俱增,本文研究的主题即是意识形态对文学翻译的影响和操控,研究背景为清末民初(1898-1919)。该时期我国翻译活动频繁：从翻译活动的第一步翻译选材上说,翻译主题和主体发生了很大的改变,小说的翻译异常繁荣,小说功能也发生了相应的变化,从原来“立意在消遣”到“强国第一要义”；从翻译活动的第二步翻译策略上说,该时期采取的是比较自由的译述,或叫“豪杰译”,译者对原文随意的增添、删减甚至改写。这些转变有其深刻的政治、历史文化背景,本文希望找出发生这些转变的原因。
本文包括六个章节。第一章为绪论,介绍论文的研究背景和研究问题,引出了文本的研究方法。第二章为文献综述,描述了国内外对相关领域的研究进展,包括回顾前人对中国翻译文学和意识形态操控理论的研究。第三章阐述操控理论中重要的术语：操控、意识形态等,以期为下两章的讨论部分作铺垫。第四章和第五章分别从文学翻译在选材和策略两个方面,分析清末民初的翻译活动所受到的意识形态操控,通过定性和定量分析相结合的方法,解释该时期翻译选材和策略成因。第六章结论部分强化了研究主题,指出了存在的不足并总结了研究意义。
简而言之,本文旨在从意识形态角度探讨清末民初翻译文学在选材和策略两方面所呈现出的特点,使读者更清楚地了解该时期翻译文学情况,从而进一步指明翻译研究的文化方向,明确翻译并不是一项单纯的活动。
Since the 1990s, translation studies has shifted from inter-linguistic studies to extra-linguistic studies, which clearly illustrates that translation is far more than a process of transferring words from one language to another, since many other factors are also involved in this process, including social background, culture and history. Lefevere, a leading character of translation studies, puts forward that translation is rewriting, manipulated by ideology, poetics and patronage. In recent years, the researches on ideology are increasing in home and abroad. Enlightened by this theory, the present thesis will discuss the influence and manipulation of ideology over literary translation in Late Qing Dynasty and Early Republic of China (1898-1919).
In this period of time, China saw a tremendous uprising in translation activities. As to text selection, the translators and translation themes change. The prosperity of novel translation is a good example. The functions of novels vary correspondingly which is shifting from "entertainment" to "enlightenment". Once the texts to be translated are chosen, the next step is how to translate. As to translation strategy, the contemporary one is a kind of translation-narrating or cavalier translation which is hardly accepted by the traditional translation theory. Translators tend to interpolate, arbitrarily omit or even rewrite the original texts. How to explain changes in text selection and translation strategy? This thesis hopes to find an explanation for these changes by putting text in its political and historical background.
This paper is divided into six chapters. The first chapter introduces the research background, question and methodology of the thesis. The second chapter summarizes the reviews on former researches, including the Chinese literary translation study and ideological manipulation study. The third chapter proceeds to explain some basic terms about manipulation school, such as manipulation and ideology. This chapter lays the basis for the following two chapters. The fourth and fifth chapters give a very detailed analysis respectively about the ideological manipulation on the literary translation of Late Qing Dynasty and Early Republic of China, by way of qualitative along with quantitative methodologies. The conclusion part re-emphasizes the theme of this paper and points out certain limitation as well as significance of the study.
To sum up, the thesis tends to present a more comprehensive picture about text selection and translation strategy in this period from the perspective of ideology manipulation, thus the readers can have a clearer understanding about the translated literature of this period. It also indicates the cultural orientation in translation studies and makes clear that translation is not an innocent activity.
本文包括六个章节。第一章为绪论,介绍论文的研究背景和研究问题,引出了文本的研究方法。第二章为文献综述,描述了国内外对相关领域的研究进展,包括回顾前人对中国翻译文学和意识形态操控理论的研究。第三章阐述操控理论中重要的术语：操控、意识形态等,以期为下两章的讨论部分作铺垫。第四章和第五章分别从文学翻译在选材和策略两个方面,分析清末民初的翻译活动所受到的意识形态操控,通过定性和定量分析相结合的方法,解释该时期翻译选材和策略成因。第六章结论部分强化了研究主题,指出了存在的不足并总结了研究意义。
简而言之,本文旨在从意识形态角度探讨清末民初翻译文学在选材和策略两方面所呈现出的特点,使读者更清楚地了解该时期翻译文学情况,从而进一步指明翻译研究的文化方向,明确翻译并不是一项单纯的活动。
Since the 1990s, translation studies has shifted from inter-linguistic studies to extra-linguistic studies, which clearly illustrates that translation is far more than a process of transferring words from one language to another, since many other factors are also involved in this process, including social background, culture and history. Lefevere, a leading character of translation studies, puts forward that translation is rewriting, manipulated by ideology, poetics and patronage. In recent years, the researches on ideology are increasing in home and abroad. Enlightened by this theory, the present thesis will discuss the influence and manipulation of ideology over literary translation in Late Qing Dynasty and Early Republic of China (1898-1919).
In this period of time, China saw a tremendous uprising in translation activities. As to text selection, the translators and translation themes change. The prosperity of novel translation is a good example. The functions of novels vary correspondingly which is shifting from "entertainment" to "enlightenment". Once the texts to be translated are chosen, the next step is how to translate. As to translation strategy, the contemporary one is a kind of translation-narrating or cavalier translation which is hardly accepted by the traditional translation theory. Translators tend to interpolate, arbitrarily omit or even rewrite the original texts. How to explain changes in text selection and translation strategy? This thesis hopes to find an explanation for these changes by putting text in its political and historical background.
This paper is divided into six chapters. The first chapter introduces the research background, question and methodology of the thesis. The second chapter summarizes the reviews on former researches, including the Chinese literary translation study and ideological manipulation study. The third chapter proceeds to explain some basic terms about manipulation school, such as manipulation and ideology. This chapter lays the basis for the following two chapters. The fourth and fifth chapters give a very detailed analysis respectively about the ideological manipulation on the literary translation of Late Qing Dynasty and Early Republic of China, by way of qualitative along with quantitative methodologies. The conclusion part re-emphasizes the theme of this paper and points out certain limitation as well as significance of the study.
To sum up, the thesis tends to present a more comprehensive picture about text selection and translation strategy in this period from the perspective of ideology manipulation, thus the readers can have a clearer understanding about the translated literature of this period. It also indicates the cultural orientation in translation studies and makes clear that translation is not an innocent activity.
引文
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