塔里木盆地孔雀河地区古生代
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摘要
塔里木盆地东北缘孔雀河地区是叠合盆地发育区,历经多期构造运动改造,存在多个原型盆地的叠加。不同类型的原型盆地对各时期油气成藏要素有着重要的影响、控制作用,因此,原型盆地研究对于塔里木盆地东北缘孔雀河地区油气工业具有重要意义。
本文以盆山理论为指导,在区域地质构造背景研究的基础上,以孔雀河地区古生代—中生代原型盆地为对象,通过野外观测、钻井岩心研究、测井资料整理,运用地震地层学,常量、微量元素判别,重矿物分析等多种研究手段,重点对研究区奥陶纪、志留纪、侏罗纪沉积相及原型盆地进行了恢复和重建,并分析了不同时期原型盆地对油气成藏要素的控制作用。
根据孔雀河地区的沉积相特征研究,结合稀土、常量、微量元素和重矿物特征及野外露头观测到的古流向等证据,对不同时期的原型盆地进行了综合研究。认为研究区在奥陶纪时期处于拉张环境,推测当时盆地边界位于东大山口一带或更远,区内以兴地断裂为界,北区大部分地区为盆地边缘斜坡至广海陆棚沉积,南区则为深海盆地沉积,发育一套复理石建造,盆地原型为大陆裂谷盆地;志留纪时库鲁克塔格及孔雀河斜坡在挤压背景下发生构造反转,库鲁克塔格地区已全面隆升,海盆范围缩小,主要为滨浅海相沉积,盆地类型为陆缘坳陷盆地;侏罗纪、白垩纪地层沉积呈现出陆内凹陷沉积特征,早侏罗系时期沉积范围较小,仅在孔雀河斜坡南部开始出现湖相沉积,到中侏罗世,湖相沉积面积逐渐扩大,到中侏罗晚期达到最大,库鲁克塔格山可能为低隆起,孔雀河地区由北向南发育有泛滥平原—浅湖—深湖相沉积,盆地类型为陆内坳陷盆地。
根据研究区库鲁克塔格露头区及钻井样品重矿物、稀土元素、古流向等分析结果及资料,表明奥陶纪、志留纪孔雀河地区物源主要来自北东向,侏罗纪库鲁克塔格为隆起区,该时期库鲁克塔格山向南北两侧孔雀河斜坡地区及北部焉耆盆地提供物源。
在兴地发现了奥陶纪礁滩相沉积,根据礁滩相在地震相得反射特征,对礁滩相的分布进行了研究,这一研究对孔雀河地区油气勘探具有重要指导作用。
由于多期复杂的构造活动,孔雀河地区经历了多个原型盆地演化过程,不同类型的原型盆地对油气成藏要素中的圈闭形成、烃源岩及储盖层、生烃及成藏史都有着重要的控制作用。通过对原型盆地以及这些要素的综合研究,明确了古生界—中生界龙口背斜构造带、中生界维马克—开屏构造带、古生界草湖凹陷东部斜坡带和库南台缘斜坡相地带为勘探有利区。
Kongquehe region is a typical superimposed area in northeast Tarim basin. It has undergone multistage tectonic movements and has superimposed many prototype basins. Different types of prototype basin have the important influence and the control action to various times factors of hydrocarbon accumulation. Therefore, the prototype basin research has the important meaning to oil and gas industry in Kongquehe region northeast of Tarim basin.
This article takes the basin-mountain theory as the instruction and takes Paleozoic Era - Mesozoic Era prototype basin in the Kongque River area as the object. In the basic of regional geology structure background research, this article mainly resumed and rebuilded the prototype basin and the sedimentary facies of the Ordovician, Silurian Period and Jurassic and analyzed the control action of prototype basin in different time to hydrocarbon accumulation elements , through the open country observation, research of the well drilling core sample, log information reorganization, seismic stratigraphy application, constant and trace element distinction, heavy mineral analysis and so on many kinds of research tools.
According to Kongquehe area sedimentary facies characteristic research and combining with the evidences such as REE, constant and trace element , characteristic of heavy mineral and the ancient flow direction which observes in outcrops and so on, the paper makes the synthetic study of the prototype basin. Through the research, it indicates that the area is in extensional environment in the Ordovician time, basin boundary lies along the east yamaguchi or further, inner area takes xingdi fault for boundary, the majority areas of the north part is shelf margin slope to open continental shelf deposition , the south part is deep sea basin deposition and developed a suit of flysch formation, basin prototype is continental rift basin; In Silurian kuruktag and kongquehe slope occurred tectonic inversion in the extrusion background , kuruktag area had been overall uplifted, the range of the basin reduced , mainly is littoral neritic facies , the type of basin is continental marginal depression basin; In Jurassic and the Cretaceous period, stratum deposition presented intracontinental depression basin characteristic , in early Jurassic sedimentary bound is relative small, only in the south part of kongquehe slope, it began to appear lacustrine deposits, to middle Jurassic, the acreage of lacustrine deposits gradually enlarged and achieved the largest till the late of middle Jurassic, kuluktag mountain is likely to be low uplift, kongquehe area developed floodplain- shallow lake-deep lake deposits from north to south , basin type is intracontinental depression basin.
Based on the research of evolution characteristics of hydrocarbon source rocks on the study area ,and the analysis results and materials of heavy minerals, REE, ancient flows in Kuruktag outcrop area and some drilling samples, the source area in Kongquehe area are revealed :Ordovician- mainly from north-east; Silurian-mainly from the South Tianshan ancient land in the north; Jurassic- Kuruktag uplift area which is also the source area of Yanqi Basin in the north and kongquehe slope area in both north and south.
At the same time, the research of reef flat facies on the study area is carried out, some progress about the formation, distribution of reef has been made, which has important guiding role in the oil and gas exploration in Kongquehe areas.
Because of the complex multi-phase tectonic activities, Kongquehe area has experienced a number of prototype basin evolution, different types of prototype basin has an important role in the control of trap formation, hydrocarbon source rocks, reservoir cap, and hydrocarbon-generating and accumulating history. After the comprehensive study of prototype basin and these elements, this paper points out Palaeozoic -Mesozoic Longkou anticline structural zones , Mesozoic Weima-Kaiping tectonic belt, Paleozoic eastern slope in Caohu depression and coonen edge slope facies are advantageous exploration zones.
本文以盆山理论为指导,在区域地质构造背景研究的基础上,以孔雀河地区古生代—中生代原型盆地为对象,通过野外观测、钻井岩心研究、测井资料整理,运用地震地层学,常量、微量元素判别,重矿物分析等多种研究手段,重点对研究区奥陶纪、志留纪、侏罗纪沉积相及原型盆地进行了恢复和重建,并分析了不同时期原型盆地对油气成藏要素的控制作用。
根据孔雀河地区的沉积相特征研究,结合稀土、常量、微量元素和重矿物特征及野外露头观测到的古流向等证据,对不同时期的原型盆地进行了综合研究。认为研究区在奥陶纪时期处于拉张环境,推测当时盆地边界位于东大山口一带或更远,区内以兴地断裂为界,北区大部分地区为盆地边缘斜坡至广海陆棚沉积,南区则为深海盆地沉积,发育一套复理石建造,盆地原型为大陆裂谷盆地;志留纪时库鲁克塔格及孔雀河斜坡在挤压背景下发生构造反转,库鲁克塔格地区已全面隆升,海盆范围缩小,主要为滨浅海相沉积,盆地类型为陆缘坳陷盆地;侏罗纪、白垩纪地层沉积呈现出陆内凹陷沉积特征,早侏罗系时期沉积范围较小,仅在孔雀河斜坡南部开始出现湖相沉积,到中侏罗世,湖相沉积面积逐渐扩大,到中侏罗晚期达到最大,库鲁克塔格山可能为低隆起,孔雀河地区由北向南发育有泛滥平原—浅湖—深湖相沉积,盆地类型为陆内坳陷盆地。
根据研究区库鲁克塔格露头区及钻井样品重矿物、稀土元素、古流向等分析结果及资料,表明奥陶纪、志留纪孔雀河地区物源主要来自北东向,侏罗纪库鲁克塔格为隆起区,该时期库鲁克塔格山向南北两侧孔雀河斜坡地区及北部焉耆盆地提供物源。
在兴地发现了奥陶纪礁滩相沉积,根据礁滩相在地震相得反射特征,对礁滩相的分布进行了研究,这一研究对孔雀河地区油气勘探具有重要指导作用。
由于多期复杂的构造活动,孔雀河地区经历了多个原型盆地演化过程,不同类型的原型盆地对油气成藏要素中的圈闭形成、烃源岩及储盖层、生烃及成藏史都有着重要的控制作用。通过对原型盆地以及这些要素的综合研究,明确了古生界—中生界龙口背斜构造带、中生界维马克—开屏构造带、古生界草湖凹陷东部斜坡带和库南台缘斜坡相地带为勘探有利区。
Kongquehe region is a typical superimposed area in northeast Tarim basin. It has undergone multistage tectonic movements and has superimposed many prototype basins. Different types of prototype basin have the important influence and the control action to various times factors of hydrocarbon accumulation. Therefore, the prototype basin research has the important meaning to oil and gas industry in Kongquehe region northeast of Tarim basin.
This article takes the basin-mountain theory as the instruction and takes Paleozoic Era - Mesozoic Era prototype basin in the Kongque River area as the object. In the basic of regional geology structure background research, this article mainly resumed and rebuilded the prototype basin and the sedimentary facies of the Ordovician, Silurian Period and Jurassic and analyzed the control action of prototype basin in different time to hydrocarbon accumulation elements , through the open country observation, research of the well drilling core sample, log information reorganization, seismic stratigraphy application, constant and trace element distinction, heavy mineral analysis and so on many kinds of research tools.
According to Kongquehe area sedimentary facies characteristic research and combining with the evidences such as REE, constant and trace element , characteristic of heavy mineral and the ancient flow direction which observes in outcrops and so on, the paper makes the synthetic study of the prototype basin. Through the research, it indicates that the area is in extensional environment in the Ordovician time, basin boundary lies along the east yamaguchi or further, inner area takes xingdi fault for boundary, the majority areas of the north part is shelf margin slope to open continental shelf deposition , the south part is deep sea basin deposition and developed a suit of flysch formation, basin prototype is continental rift basin; In Silurian kuruktag and kongquehe slope occurred tectonic inversion in the extrusion background , kuruktag area had been overall uplifted, the range of the basin reduced , mainly is littoral neritic facies , the type of basin is continental marginal depression basin; In Jurassic and the Cretaceous period, stratum deposition presented intracontinental depression basin characteristic , in early Jurassic sedimentary bound is relative small, only in the south part of kongquehe slope, it began to appear lacustrine deposits, to middle Jurassic, the acreage of lacustrine deposits gradually enlarged and achieved the largest till the late of middle Jurassic, kuluktag mountain is likely to be low uplift, kongquehe area developed floodplain- shallow lake-deep lake deposits from north to south , basin type is intracontinental depression basin.
Based on the research of evolution characteristics of hydrocarbon source rocks on the study area ,and the analysis results and materials of heavy minerals, REE, ancient flows in Kuruktag outcrop area and some drilling samples, the source area in Kongquehe area are revealed :Ordovician- mainly from north-east; Silurian-mainly from the South Tianshan ancient land in the north; Jurassic- Kuruktag uplift area which is also the source area of Yanqi Basin in the north and kongquehe slope area in both north and south.
At the same time, the research of reef flat facies on the study area is carried out, some progress about the formation, distribution of reef has been made, which has important guiding role in the oil and gas exploration in Kongquehe areas.
Because of the complex multi-phase tectonic activities, Kongquehe area has experienced a number of prototype basin evolution, different types of prototype basin has an important role in the control of trap formation, hydrocarbon source rocks, reservoir cap, and hydrocarbon-generating and accumulating history. After the comprehensive study of prototype basin and these elements, this paper points out Palaeozoic -Mesozoic Longkou anticline structural zones , Mesozoic Weima-Kaiping tectonic belt, Paleozoic eastern slope in Caohu depression and coonen edge slope facies are advantageous exploration zones.
引文
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