延庆断陷盆地地层精细解释方法研究
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摘要
本论文的研究区位于形成于晚新生代的延庆断陷盆地,该盆地内第四系覆盖物复杂、较厚,厚度范围变化大,使得新生界精细地层解释较为困难,且在已实施过的多次地球物理勘探中,都只是涉及了构造解释,并未形成一套比较成熟的地层、岩性解释方法体系。
目前,多种地震解释方法在油气勘探中取得了很大的成功,但是在新生界中的岩性地层解释实例还很少。因此,在本次研究中,首先研究岩性地层的解释方法,接着针对延庆断陷盆地采用如下方法进行解释工作:
对研究区内的层位进行划分,根据钻井资料对于新生界与侏罗系,侏罗系与蓟县系之间的地层采用地质、地震资料相结合的方法进行不整合地层划分;新生界的岩性地层精细划分中,在本区实际资料只有钻井资料,没有测井资料的情况下,本次研究采用结合全区地质与钻井资料,在反射能量剖面上进行划分层位工作,并且结合地震属性,分频技术来预测新生界岩性分布范围,通过前人的经验,选取对岩性变化比较敏感的地震属性是——绝对振幅与瞬时频率。
同时试验采用道积分反演方法,根据其原理,道积分反演方法可以得到相对波阻抗剖面,对于区分波阻抗界面或是断层解释工作有着指导性的作用。
最后,针对本研究区地热资源丰富且有利储层位于蓟县系巨厚白云岩裂隙中,借鉴裂缝型油气勘探方法,研究采用方位AVO来预测地下裂缝的位置,寻找地热水。
通过对地震解释方法的研究,选择了适用于该研究区的解释方法,对延庆研究区的二维和三维地震资料做地层岩性精细解释,对于该工区后续的解释工作有一定的参考意义。
This study area is located in the Yanqing fault basin formed in the late Cenozoic, the basin of the Quaternary covers complexly, thickly, and the thickness changes, making interpretation more difficult. It had already implemented many geophysical exploration only involved in the structural interpretation, so it did not form a system of more mature strata, lithological interpretation.
Currently, a variety of methods in oil and gas exploration seismic interpretation achieved great success, but in the Cenozoic stratigraphic interpretation in instances were rare. Therefore, in this study, we first study stratigraphic interpretation methods, and then for the Yanqing fault basin interpretation using the following method: Layer of the study area were divided, according to drilling data for the Cenozoic and Jurassic, and Jurassic strata between Jixian System by geological and seismic data, the method of combining unconformity stratigraphic division; Cenozoic rocks fine division of strata, only the actual data in the area of drilling data, log data is not the case, the region of this study, combined with geological and drilling data, the energy profile in the reflecting layer on the division of work, and the combination of seismic attributes , sub-frequency technology to predict the distribution of Cenozoic rocks, through previous experience, choose the more sensitive to changes in lithology of seismic attributes is - the absolute amplitude and instantaneous frequency. At the same time test inversion method using trace integration, according to its principles, said the relative integral inversion method can be impedance section, the distinction between the interface impedance or fault interpretation has a guiding role in the work.
Finally, the study area rich in geothermal resources and favorable reservoir located in the thick dolomite fractured Jixian System, the reference method of fractured oil and gas exploration, research using azimuth AVO to predict the location of underground cracks, looking to hot water.
Through the method of seismic interpretation was selected for interpretation of the study area, study area of Yanqing 2D and 3D seismic data do lithology interpretation, follow-up for the interpretation of the work area has some reference value.
目前,多种地震解释方法在油气勘探中取得了很大的成功,但是在新生界中的岩性地层解释实例还很少。因此,在本次研究中,首先研究岩性地层的解释方法,接着针对延庆断陷盆地采用如下方法进行解释工作:
对研究区内的层位进行划分,根据钻井资料对于新生界与侏罗系,侏罗系与蓟县系之间的地层采用地质、地震资料相结合的方法进行不整合地层划分;新生界的岩性地层精细划分中,在本区实际资料只有钻井资料,没有测井资料的情况下,本次研究采用结合全区地质与钻井资料,在反射能量剖面上进行划分层位工作,并且结合地震属性,分频技术来预测新生界岩性分布范围,通过前人的经验,选取对岩性变化比较敏感的地震属性是——绝对振幅与瞬时频率。
同时试验采用道积分反演方法,根据其原理,道积分反演方法可以得到相对波阻抗剖面,对于区分波阻抗界面或是断层解释工作有着指导性的作用。
最后,针对本研究区地热资源丰富且有利储层位于蓟县系巨厚白云岩裂隙中,借鉴裂缝型油气勘探方法,研究采用方位AVO来预测地下裂缝的位置,寻找地热水。
通过对地震解释方法的研究,选择了适用于该研究区的解释方法,对延庆研究区的二维和三维地震资料做地层岩性精细解释,对于该工区后续的解释工作有一定的参考意义。
This study area is located in the Yanqing fault basin formed in the late Cenozoic, the basin of the Quaternary covers complexly, thickly, and the thickness changes, making interpretation more difficult. It had already implemented many geophysical exploration only involved in the structural interpretation, so it did not form a system of more mature strata, lithological interpretation.
Currently, a variety of methods in oil and gas exploration seismic interpretation achieved great success, but in the Cenozoic stratigraphic interpretation in instances were rare. Therefore, in this study, we first study stratigraphic interpretation methods, and then for the Yanqing fault basin interpretation using the following method: Layer of the study area were divided, according to drilling data for the Cenozoic and Jurassic, and Jurassic strata between Jixian System by geological and seismic data, the method of combining unconformity stratigraphic division; Cenozoic rocks fine division of strata, only the actual data in the area of drilling data, log data is not the case, the region of this study, combined with geological and drilling data, the energy profile in the reflecting layer on the division of work, and the combination of seismic attributes , sub-frequency technology to predict the distribution of Cenozoic rocks, through previous experience, choose the more sensitive to changes in lithology of seismic attributes is - the absolute amplitude and instantaneous frequency. At the same time test inversion method using trace integration, according to its principles, said the relative integral inversion method can be impedance section, the distinction between the interface impedance or fault interpretation has a guiding role in the work.
Finally, the study area rich in geothermal resources and favorable reservoir located in the thick dolomite fractured Jixian System, the reference method of fractured oil and gas exploration, research using azimuth AVO to predict the location of underground cracks, looking to hot water.
Through the method of seismic interpretation was selected for interpretation of the study area, study area of Yanqing 2D and 3D seismic data do lithology interpretation, follow-up for the interpretation of the work area has some reference value.
引文
[1] Jun Matsushima, Yasukuni Okubo. Rheological implications of the strong seismic reflector in the Kakkonda geothermal field, Japan. 2003
[2] Bruce S. Hart. Definition of subsurface stratigraphy, structure and rock properties from 3-D seismic data. 1999
[3] Dengliang Gao. 3D seismic volume visualization and interpretation:An integrated work?ow with case studies.
[4] Jun Matsushimaa, Yasukuni Okuboa, Shuichi Rokugawab,Toshiyuki Yokotaa, Keiji Tanakac, Terumitsu Tsuchiyad,Norifumi Naritad. Seismic re?ector imaging by prestack time migration in the Kakkonda geothermal ?eld, Japan.2002
[5] Li Ning, Wu Hongliang, Feng Qingfu, Wang Kewen, Shi Yujiang, Li Qingfeng, and Luo Xinping. Matrix porosity calculation in volcanic and dolomite reservoirs and its application. APPLIED GEOPHYSICS, 2009, 6(3):287-298
[6]丁连靖.北京延庆地区地热开发对水文地质条件的影响.水文地质工程地质,2007,1:20—23
[7]尹功明.北京延庆盆地56万年以来的主要构造事件及年代学的初步研究.华北地震科学,1996,14(4):19—28
[8]冯魁.三维地震资料解释技术研究及在雅克拉的而应用:[硕士学位论文].新疆:新疆大学,2009
[9]周海民.断陷盆地精细地震勘探实践.北京:石油工业出版社,2007,199-202
[10]姚建阳.用地震道积分法提高地层的识别能力.石油物探,1990,29(1) : 40～49
[11]扬微.海拉尔盆地乌尔逊南部地区三维地震精细解释技术及其应用研究:[硕士学位论文].大庆:大庆石油学院,2009
[12]彭晓波. P波方位AVO在煤层裂缝探测中的应用.岩石力学与工程学报,2005,24(16):2960—2965
[13]张春沛.北京延庆北部地区地下热水资源研究.中国煤田地质,2002,14(3)
[14]刘军迎.根据方位属性预测塔北碳酸盐岩裂缝.新疆石油地质,2010,31(2)
[15]甘其刚.振幅随方位角变化裂缝检测技术及其应用.石油物探,2004,43(4)
[16]刘勇.应用LandMark解释模块制作地层切片识别非构造圈闭.石油地球物理勘探, 2009,44(增刊1) : 101-104
[17]任红民.精细地震解释技术在花庄北地区的应用.石油地球物理勘探, 2009, 44( 2) :179-184
[18]雷明.地震切片技术在安达工区的应用.石油地球物理勘探, 2010,45(3):418-422
[19]刘洪林.地层切片技术应用的局限性:以海拉尔盆地贝尔凹陷砂体识别为例.石油地球物理勘探, 2009,44(增刊1):125- 129
[20]宋锦丽.大塔场沿层切片沉积微相解释与储层预测研究.石油天然气学报,2010,32(2):240-244
[21]岳智忠.三维综合解释技术在长沙岭构造成藏条件研究中的应用.石油地球物理勘探, 2002,37(增刊):97-100
[22]韩得辉.三维地震解释技术在储层预测中的应用研究.江汉石油学院学报, 2001,23(增刊):41-42
[23]李玲.全三维解释方法探讨与实践.石油地球物理勘探,1996,31(4):495-508
[24]彭苏萍.煤田三维地震综合解释技术在复杂地质条件下的应用.岩石力学与工程学报, 2008,27(增1):2760-2765
[25]朱巍.地震综合解释技术在WZ地区的应用.江汉石油学院学报,2002,24(3):15-17
[26]李善军,肖承文等.碳酸盐岩地层中裂缝孔隙度的定量解释.测井技术, 1997, 21 (3) : 205-214
[27]凌云研究组.基本地震属性在沉积环境解释中的应用研究.石油地球物理勘探, 2003 ,38(6) :642-653
[28]邹新宁.地震属性分析在岩性气藏描述中的应用.吉林大学学报(地球科学版),2006,36(2):289-294
[29]李海涛等.准噶尔盆地中部区块地震属性适用性研究.石油物探,2004,43(增刊):122-126
[30]张宏等.叠后地震反演方法联合应用研究.石油天然气学报,2009,31(5):246-249
[31]张进铎.地震解释技术现状及发展趋势.地球物理学进展,2006,21(2):578-587
[32]石磊.常用的几种反演软件的比较.西南石油学院学报. 2004,26(3):16-19
[33]陈宇.基岩裂隙水研究现状与展望.水电能源科学,2010,28(4):62-65
[34]刘岩.地震方法在地热勘探中的应用.煤炭技术,2008,27(6):
[35]汤振清.综合物探方法在地热勘查中的应用.山东国土资源,2007,23(6-7):67-70
[36]陈煊.地震勘探技术在地热勘探中的应用.工程勘察,2008,12:57-59
[37]刘建华.定量预测煤层厚度的道积分法研究.中国矿业大学学报,1996,25(2):73-76
[38]张秀丽.井约束地震反演技术在储层预测中的应用——以大庆油田杏56区块为例.石油地球物理勘探,2009,44(增刊1):145～149
[39]杨林.地震频谱分解技术应用中有关问题的讨论.石油物探, 2008,(04)
[40]徐丽英,徐鸣洁,陈振岩.利用谱分解技术进行薄储层预测.石油地球物理勘探, 2006,(03)
[41]王萍.地震储层描述技术的应用效果.物探与化探, 2003,(02)
[42]曹辉.关于地震属性应用的几点认识.勘探地球物理进展, 2002,(05)
[43]徐旺林,王天琦,魏立花,李海亮.沿层属性分析在储层研究中的应用.石油地球物理勘探, 2002,(S1)
[44]刘传虎.地震属性与非构造油气藏勘探.新疆石油地质, 2005,(05)
[45]张进铎,杨平,王云雷.地震信息的谱分解技术及其应用.勘探地球物理进展, 2006,(04)
[46]徐丽英,徐鸣洁,陈振岩.利用谱分解技术进行薄储层预测.石油地球物理勘探, 2006,(03)
[2] Bruce S. Hart. Definition of subsurface stratigraphy, structure and rock properties from 3-D seismic data. 1999
[3] Dengliang Gao. 3D seismic volume visualization and interpretation:An integrated work?ow with case studies.
[4] Jun Matsushimaa, Yasukuni Okuboa, Shuichi Rokugawab,Toshiyuki Yokotaa, Keiji Tanakac, Terumitsu Tsuchiyad,Norifumi Naritad. Seismic re?ector imaging by prestack time migration in the Kakkonda geothermal ?eld, Japan.2002
[5] Li Ning, Wu Hongliang, Feng Qingfu, Wang Kewen, Shi Yujiang, Li Qingfeng, and Luo Xinping. Matrix porosity calculation in volcanic and dolomite reservoirs and its application. APPLIED GEOPHYSICS, 2009, 6(3):287-298
[6]丁连靖.北京延庆地区地热开发对水文地质条件的影响.水文地质工程地质,2007,1:20—23
[7]尹功明.北京延庆盆地56万年以来的主要构造事件及年代学的初步研究.华北地震科学,1996,14(4):19—28
[8]冯魁.三维地震资料解释技术研究及在雅克拉的而应用:[硕士学位论文].新疆:新疆大学,2009
[9]周海民.断陷盆地精细地震勘探实践.北京:石油工业出版社,2007,199-202
[10]姚建阳.用地震道积分法提高地层的识别能力.石油物探,1990,29(1) : 40～49
[11]扬微.海拉尔盆地乌尔逊南部地区三维地震精细解释技术及其应用研究:[硕士学位论文].大庆:大庆石油学院,2009
[12]彭晓波. P波方位AVO在煤层裂缝探测中的应用.岩石力学与工程学报,2005,24(16):2960—2965
[13]张春沛.北京延庆北部地区地下热水资源研究.中国煤田地质,2002,14(3)
[14]刘军迎.根据方位属性预测塔北碳酸盐岩裂缝.新疆石油地质,2010,31(2)
[15]甘其刚.振幅随方位角变化裂缝检测技术及其应用.石油物探,2004,43(4)
[16]刘勇.应用LandMark解释模块制作地层切片识别非构造圈闭.石油地球物理勘探, 2009,44(增刊1) : 101-104
[17]任红民.精细地震解释技术在花庄北地区的应用.石油地球物理勘探, 2009, 44( 2) :179-184
[18]雷明.地震切片技术在安达工区的应用.石油地球物理勘探, 2010,45(3):418-422
[19]刘洪林.地层切片技术应用的局限性:以海拉尔盆地贝尔凹陷砂体识别为例.石油地球物理勘探, 2009,44(增刊1):125- 129
[20]宋锦丽.大塔场沿层切片沉积微相解释与储层预测研究.石油天然气学报,2010,32(2):240-244
[21]岳智忠.三维综合解释技术在长沙岭构造成藏条件研究中的应用.石油地球物理勘探, 2002,37(增刊):97-100
[22]韩得辉.三维地震解释技术在储层预测中的应用研究.江汉石油学院学报, 2001,23(增刊):41-42
[23]李玲.全三维解释方法探讨与实践.石油地球物理勘探,1996,31(4):495-508
[24]彭苏萍.煤田三维地震综合解释技术在复杂地质条件下的应用.岩石力学与工程学报, 2008,27(增1):2760-2765
[25]朱巍.地震综合解释技术在WZ地区的应用.江汉石油学院学报,2002,24(3):15-17
[26]李善军,肖承文等.碳酸盐岩地层中裂缝孔隙度的定量解释.测井技术, 1997, 21 (3) : 205-214
[27]凌云研究组.基本地震属性在沉积环境解释中的应用研究.石油地球物理勘探, 2003 ,38(6) :642-653
[28]邹新宁.地震属性分析在岩性气藏描述中的应用.吉林大学学报(地球科学版),2006,36(2):289-294
[29]李海涛等.准噶尔盆地中部区块地震属性适用性研究.石油物探,2004,43(增刊):122-126
[30]张宏等.叠后地震反演方法联合应用研究.石油天然气学报,2009,31(5):246-249
[31]张进铎.地震解释技术现状及发展趋势.地球物理学进展,2006,21(2):578-587
[32]石磊.常用的几种反演软件的比较.西南石油学院学报. 2004,26(3):16-19
[33]陈宇.基岩裂隙水研究现状与展望.水电能源科学,2010,28(4):62-65
[34]刘岩.地震方法在地热勘探中的应用.煤炭技术,2008,27(6):
[35]汤振清.综合物探方法在地热勘查中的应用.山东国土资源,2007,23(6-7):67-70
[36]陈煊.地震勘探技术在地热勘探中的应用.工程勘察,2008,12:57-59
[37]刘建华.定量预测煤层厚度的道积分法研究.中国矿业大学学报,1996,25(2):73-76
[38]张秀丽.井约束地震反演技术在储层预测中的应用——以大庆油田杏56区块为例.石油地球物理勘探,2009,44(增刊1):145～149
[39]杨林.地震频谱分解技术应用中有关问题的讨论.石油物探, 2008,(04)
[40]徐丽英,徐鸣洁,陈振岩.利用谱分解技术进行薄储层预测.石油地球物理勘探, 2006,(03)
[41]王萍.地震储层描述技术的应用效果.物探与化探, 2003,(02)
[42]曹辉.关于地震属性应用的几点认识.勘探地球物理进展, 2002,(05)
[43]徐旺林,王天琦,魏立花,李海亮.沿层属性分析在储层研究中的应用.石油地球物理勘探, 2002,(S1)
[44]刘传虎.地震属性与非构造油气藏勘探.新疆石油地质, 2005,(05)
[45]张进铎,杨平,王云雷.地震信息的谱分解技术及其应用.勘探地球物理进展, 2006,(04)
[46]徐丽英,徐鸣洁,陈振岩.利用谱分解技术进行薄储层预测.石油地球物理勘探, 2006,(03)