移动通讯用高温超导滤波器的研究
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摘要
移动通讯用高温超导滤波器以其独特的优越性能和巨大的商业价值吸引着人们去探索和研究。目前，该项目的研究和开发已成为国内外超导应用研究的一个热点。相对于传统滤波器，高温超导滤波器具有带内插损小，带边陡峭，体积小、易于集成等优点。移动通信基站接收机前端通过应用高温超导滤波器，可以减小干扰，节约频率资源，增加基站覆盖范围，提高通话质量，减少盲区，提高传输数据的速率，在航天，卫星，通信，雷达等领域具有广泛的应用前景。在国外，移动通讯用高温超导滤波器子系统已步入实用化阶段，市场不断扩大，取得了很好的经济效益和社会效益。
高温超导滤波器的设计是一个网络综合的问题，根据我们目前的设计条件和超导薄膜的尺寸因素，我们选用了结构紧凑的前向耦合型电路设计，应用TUMIC和SONNET仿真软件，设计了用于移动通讯频段的高温超导滤波器，并对几个重要参数进行了实验测试和分析。
在高温超导滤波器的制作过程中，超导电路与外接电路的连接至关重要。目前常采用的与外接电路的连接方法是在超导体上制作金属Au或Ag的接触点，然后用引线与外电路连接。金属接触电极与超导薄膜之间的接触电阻对超导滤波器的插入损耗有很大影响，因此，本文通过多种实验方法，系统的研究了Ag与YBCO超导薄膜之间的接触电阻问题，得到了最佳退火温度，并对退火时Ag与YBCO超导薄膜之间相互作用的机理进行了研究和探讨。
超导滤波器的焊接和封装对于超导滤波器性能而言也是相当重要的。本文详细介绍了屏蔽盒的设计思路，并对屏蔽盒谐振模式对
超导滤波器的影响进行了讨论。对于超导滤波器的焊接，采用超声
点焊焊接SMA的接头和高温超导滤波器的接触电极，实现了较小的
接触电阻和较好的机械强度。
从设计到封装，以至滤波器的性能测试都取得了满意的实验结
果，为进一步开发制作更高性能的移动通讯用高温超导滤波器打下
了基础。目前我们的滤波器子系统进入了在基站中实地实验的阶
段。
The study of High Temperature Superconductor (HTS) filter systems has become a active field in the studies of superconductivity applications, due to its high performance and great commercial potential. In contrast with the conventional filters,HTS filters provided many advantages, such as much less insert loss, more steep edge, smaller size and easier integration. The installation of HTS filters in the front receivers of cellsites is ideal for reducing interference, saving frequency resources, expanding coverage, enhancing communicating quality and speeding transferring data. It also has promising application values in the field of spaceflight, secondary planet, communication and radar. At present, superconductor filter subsystems have been deployed abroad in the field of mobile communication and offered exceptional commercial performance.
The design of HTS filters is a comprehensive problem of network analysis. According to the condition of calculation and practical size of superconducting films, we configured compacted forward-coupled microstrip filter, with the aid of TUMIC and SONNET software. The parameters of the filters are satisfying. Several important factors affecting the performance of filters were also studied and analyzed.
During the fabricating of HTS filters, it is important that microstrip circuit connect with the outer. At present, we made Au or Ag contacts on the superconducting film in order to connect with the outer circuit. Because the contact resistance between the metal contacts and the superconducting films has large impact on the performance of superconducting filters, we experimental techniques. After annealing the optimum temperature and, we got the minimum contact resisitivity. We also further studied the interaction between Ag and YBCO films after annealing at a certain temperature and attempted to give an explanation and discussion.
Packaging and jointing are another two important factors for the performance of HTS filters. Several issues that are crucial for HTS filters packaging and jointing are discussed in detail. Ultrasonic wire bonding was applied to connect the contacts and sub-miniature-A(SMA) connectors. Also a suitable shield box has been designed for the test of HTS filters.
From designing to packing, and testing, the result is satisfying. The success of this experiment set up sound base for further study and development .Now our superconductor filter subsystems are experimenting in the cellsites.
高温超导滤波器的设计是一个网络综合的问题，根据我们目前的设计条件和超导薄膜的尺寸因素，我们选用了结构紧凑的前向耦合型电路设计，应用TUMIC和SONNET仿真软件，设计了用于移动通讯频段的高温超导滤波器，并对几个重要参数进行了实验测试和分析。
在高温超导滤波器的制作过程中，超导电路与外接电路的连接至关重要。目前常采用的与外接电路的连接方法是在超导体上制作金属Au或Ag的接触点，然后用引线与外电路连接。金属接触电极与超导薄膜之间的接触电阻对超导滤波器的插入损耗有很大影响，因此，本文通过多种实验方法，系统的研究了Ag与YBCO超导薄膜之间的接触电阻问题，得到了最佳退火温度，并对退火时Ag与YBCO超导薄膜之间相互作用的机理进行了研究和探讨。
超导滤波器的焊接和封装对于超导滤波器性能而言也是相当重要的。本文详细介绍了屏蔽盒的设计思路，并对屏蔽盒谐振模式对
超导滤波器的影响进行了讨论。对于超导滤波器的焊接，采用超声
点焊焊接SMA的接头和高温超导滤波器的接触电极，实现了较小的
接触电阻和较好的机械强度。
从设计到封装，以至滤波器的性能测试都取得了满意的实验结
果，为进一步开发制作更高性能的移动通讯用高温超导滤波器打下
了基础。目前我们的滤波器子系统进入了在基站中实地实验的阶
段。
The study of High Temperature Superconductor (HTS) filter systems has become a active field in the studies of superconductivity applications, due to its high performance and great commercial potential. In contrast with the conventional filters,HTS filters provided many advantages, such as much less insert loss, more steep edge, smaller size and easier integration. The installation of HTS filters in the front receivers of cellsites is ideal for reducing interference, saving frequency resources, expanding coverage, enhancing communicating quality and speeding transferring data. It also has promising application values in the field of spaceflight, secondary planet, communication and radar. At present, superconductor filter subsystems have been deployed abroad in the field of mobile communication and offered exceptional commercial performance.
The design of HTS filters is a comprehensive problem of network analysis. According to the condition of calculation and practical size of superconducting films, we configured compacted forward-coupled microstrip filter, with the aid of TUMIC and SONNET software. The parameters of the filters are satisfying. Several important factors affecting the performance of filters were also studied and analyzed.
During the fabricating of HTS filters, it is important that microstrip circuit connect with the outer. At present, we made Au or Ag contacts on the superconducting film in order to connect with the outer circuit. Because the contact resistance between the metal contacts and the superconducting films has large impact on the performance of superconducting filters, we experimental techniques. After annealing the optimum temperature and, we got the minimum contact resisitivity. We also further studied the interaction between Ag and YBCO films after annealing at a certain temperature and attempted to give an explanation and discussion.
Packaging and jointing are another two important factors for the performance of HTS filters. Several issues that are crucial for HTS filters packaging and jointing are discussed in detail. Ultrasonic wire bonding was applied to connect the contacts and sub-miniature-A(SMA) connectors. Also a suitable shield box has been designed for the test of HTS filters.
From designing to packing, and testing, the result is satisfying. The success of this experiment set up sound base for further study and development .Now our superconductor filter subsystems are experimenting in the cellsites.
引文
[1] 张其瑞，《高温超导电性》，浙江大学出版社，1992。
[2] Michael Reppel and Jean-Claude IEEE Microwave and Guided Wave Letters. Vol.10, No.5, May P180 (2000).
[3] Randy W. Simon, Superconductor Filters in Wireless Basestations, Communication Systems Design, July 1997.
[4] Guo-Chun Liang, Dawei Zhang etc. IEEE Transcations on MTT, Vol.43, No. 12, Dec. P3020(1995).
[5] Dawei Zhang, G. C. Liang etc. IEEE Microwave and Guided Wave letters. Vol.5, No. 11, Nov. p2656(1995).
[6] S. H. Talisa, M. A. Janocko etc. IEEE Transaction on Applied Superconductivity, Vol. 5, No. 2, Jun. p2079 (1995)
[7] I. B. Vendik, V. V. Kondratiev etc. IEEE Transaction on Applied Superconductivity, Vol. 9, No. 2, Jun. p3577 (1999)
[8] Dong-Chul Chung, Kyung-Kuk Park etc. IEEE Transaction on Applied Superconductivity,Vol. 9, No. 2, Jun. p3882 (1999)
[9] Hong Teuk Kim, Byoung-Chul Min etc. IEEE Transaction on Applied Superconductivity, vol. 9, No. 2, Jun. p3909 (1999)
[10] Jia-Sheng Hong, IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniaues. Vol.48, NO.7, July P1240 2000
[11] 清华大学《微带电路》编写组，微带电路，人民邮电出版社，1976。
[12] 唐汉，微波原理，南京大学出版社，1990。
[13] 梁联倬，微波网络，电子工业出版社，1988。
[14] Reinmut K. Hoffmann, Handbook of Microwave Integrated Circuits. Artech House, Inc., Norwood, Mass., 1987.
[15] 王宇杰，高温超导滤波器的计算机辅助设计及实验研究，硕士论文。
[16] G. L. Matthaei and G. L. Hey-Shipton, submitted for Possible presentation at the 1993 MTT-S International Microwave Symposium.
[17] G. L. Matthaei and G. L. Hey-Shipton, 1993 IEEE Int. Microwave S(?)p. pp. 1269-1272, Atlanta, Georgia, June, 1993.
[18] G. L. Matthaei, L. Young and E.M. T. Jones. Microwave Filters. Impedance-Matching Networks. and Coupling S(?)tures, Artech House. Inc., Norwood. Mass., 1950.
[19] J. W. Ekin. T. M. Larson, N. F. Bergren, A. J.Nelson, A. B. Swartzlander. L. L. Kazmerski. A.J.Panson,and B.A.Blankenship. Appl.p(?)s,Lett.52(1988).1819
[20] Zhi-Yuan Shen, High-Tentperature Superconducting Microwave Circuits ,Artech House, 1994
[21] J.W. Ekin, S. E. Russek, C. C. Clickner, and B. Jeanneret. Appl. Phys. Lett. 62 (1993) , 369．
[22] V. Pendrick, R. Brown, J. R. Matey, A. Findikoglu, X. X. Xi, T. Venkatesan, and A. Inam. J. Appl. Phys. 69 (1991) , 7927．
[23] J. W. Ekin, A. J. Panson, and B. A. Blankenship. Appl Phys. Lett. 52 (1988) , 331． .
[24] Q. X. Jia, W. A. Anderson, J. P. Zheng, Y. Z. Zhu, S. Patel, H. S. Kwok, and D. T. Shaw. J. Appl. Phys. 68 (1990) , 6336．
[2] Michael Reppel and Jean-Claude IEEE Microwave and Guided Wave Letters. Vol.10, No.5, May P180 (2000).
[3] Randy W. Simon, Superconductor Filters in Wireless Basestations, Communication Systems Design, July 1997.
[4] Guo-Chun Liang, Dawei Zhang etc. IEEE Transcations on MTT, Vol.43, No. 12, Dec. P3020(1995).
[5] Dawei Zhang, G. C. Liang etc. IEEE Microwave and Guided Wave letters. Vol.5, No. 11, Nov. p2656(1995).
[6] S. H. Talisa, M. A. Janocko etc. IEEE Transaction on Applied Superconductivity, Vol. 5, No. 2, Jun. p2079 (1995)
[7] I. B. Vendik, V. V. Kondratiev etc. IEEE Transaction on Applied Superconductivity, Vol. 9, No. 2, Jun. p3577 (1999)
[8] Dong-Chul Chung, Kyung-Kuk Park etc. IEEE Transaction on Applied Superconductivity,Vol. 9, No. 2, Jun. p3882 (1999)
[9] Hong Teuk Kim, Byoung-Chul Min etc. IEEE Transaction on Applied Superconductivity, vol. 9, No. 2, Jun. p3909 (1999)
[10] Jia-Sheng Hong, IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniaues. Vol.48, NO.7, July P1240 2000
[11] 清华大学《微带电路》编写组，微带电路，人民邮电出版社，1976。
[12] 唐汉，微波原理，南京大学出版社，1990。
[13] 梁联倬，微波网络，电子工业出版社，1988。
[14] Reinmut K. Hoffmann, Handbook of Microwave Integrated Circuits. Artech House, Inc., Norwood, Mass., 1987.
[15] 王宇杰，高温超导滤波器的计算机辅助设计及实验研究，硕士论文。
[16] G. L. Matthaei and G. L. Hey-Shipton, submitted for Possible presentation at the 1993 MTT-S International Microwave Symposium.
[17] G. L. Matthaei and G. L. Hey-Shipton, 1993 IEEE Int. Microwave S(?)p. pp. 1269-1272, Atlanta, Georgia, June, 1993.
[18] G. L. Matthaei, L. Young and E.M. T. Jones. Microwave Filters. Impedance-Matching Networks. and Coupling S(?)tures, Artech House. Inc., Norwood. Mass., 1950.
[19] J. W. Ekin. T. M. Larson, N. F. Bergren, A. J.Nelson, A. B. Swartzlander. L. L. Kazmerski. A.J.Panson,and B.A.Blankenship. Appl.p(?)s,Lett.52(1988).1819
[20] Zhi-Yuan Shen, High-Tentperature Superconducting Microwave Circuits ,Artech House, 1994
[21] J.W. Ekin, S. E. Russek, C. C. Clickner, and B. Jeanneret. Appl. Phys. Lett. 62 (1993) , 369．
[22] V. Pendrick, R. Brown, J. R. Matey, A. Findikoglu, X. X. Xi, T. Venkatesan, and A. Inam. J. Appl. Phys. 69 (1991) , 7927．
[23] J. W. Ekin, A. J. Panson, and B. A. Blankenship. Appl Phys. Lett. 52 (1988) , 331． .
[24] Q. X. Jia, W. A. Anderson, J. P. Zheng, Y. Z. Zhu, S. Patel, H. S. Kwok, and D. T. Shaw. J. Appl. Phys. 68 (1990) , 6336．