YBa_2Fe_3O_(8+w)的制备技术以及掺杂效应研究
|
摘要
目前,国内外学者对超导体YBa2Cu307-δ(YBCO)的研究比较多,然而对与其结构很相近的YBa2Fe308+w(YBFO)的研究非常少,国内几乎没有这方面的研究。YBFO不但可能是制备YBCO涂层导体很好的缓冲层材料,而且它也可能是一种具有良好性能的功能材料,YBFO具有弱磁性中的反铁磁特性。所以,无论在理论上还是在实际应用上,对YBFO的研究都非常有意义。
本文通过探索YBFO的制备工艺以及该体系的掺杂效应,为进一步深入认识这种具有123体系的三层钙钛矿结构的YBFO提供有价值的参考。为此,本文按照以下几个方面展开研究：YBFO的制备方法；YBFO的Ba位进行碱土金属Ca与Sr掺杂；YBFO的Y位进行稀土元素RE (La, Pr, Gd)掺杂；YBFO的Fe位进行过渡金属Co掺杂、Ni掺杂、Mn掺杂等方面内容。具体来说,有以下几个方面：
在YBFO的制备方面,本文根据固相反应法和液相反应法的基本原理,在不同的实验条件下,制备了多种YBFO样品。通过优化制备条件,获得了较为完整的YBFO实验室制备工艺,这为大规模生产YBFO提供了有价值的参考。论文在制备过程中注重采用比较的方法,并着重总结各种样品的实验条件,即首先运用固相法探索实验条件,然后在此实验条件下采用液相法制备多种高纯度的YBFO样品。在制备出纯相YBFO之后,本文还对YBFO的结构特性、电性质、磁阻效应等性质进行了测量和研究。采用液相法制备高纯度YBFO的实验也证实了本文采取的研究思路切实可行。
在YBFO的Ca与Sr掺杂效应研究方面,考虑到Sr掺入YBFO可能存在两种情况,本文首先力求制备出含尽可能少杂质相的(Y1-xCax)Ba2Fe308+w(YCBFO)、YBa2-xSrxFe308+w(YBSFO)和(Y1-xSrx)Ba2Fe3O8+w(YSBFO)样品,然后采用X射线衍射分析YCBFO和YBSFO的结构特性,研究并讨论了它们的电性质及磁性质,比较了YBFO的这两种碱土金属掺杂效应的异同点。
在YBFO的稀土La、Pr、Gd的掺杂研究方面,本文分别讨论了YBFO掺杂稀土元素的目标产物制备、以及La、Pr和Gd的掺杂效应。并对REBa2Fe308+w(RE=Y,La,Pr,Gd)的物理性质进行了综合分析比较,研究了YBFO掺杂过程中新相产生的内在机理。
在YBFO的过渡金属Co的掺杂方面,采用YBa2(Fe1-xCox)308+w(YBFCO)通式。发现Co在YBFO中的固溶限x约为0.5、Co掺杂导致YBFO的晶胞参数变小、Co可任意取代YBFO中的Fe位。通过分析发现,Co较适应于YBFO的八面体和四方锥体配位。并对YBFCO的电性质及磁阻效应等性质展开研究。
在YBFO的过渡金属Ni和Mn的掺杂方面,采用YBa2Fe3-xTRxO8+w(TR=Ni,Mn)通式。观察到Ni和Mn在YBFO中的固溶限x约为0.3,Ni与Mn掺杂均进入YBFO的Fe子晶格,导致其晶胞参数变小,通过对比Co、Ni和Mn的电阻率随温度变化的曲线,分析了YBFO分别掺杂这些过渡金属后的载流子浓度和迁移率变化情况,并讨论了YBFO体系的Ni和Mn掺杂的磁阻效应等性质。
At the present time, scholars from the domestic and the international have done much reseach about superconductor YBa2Cu3O7-δ (YBCO), while little reseach about YBa2Fe3O8+w (YBFO) which is much similar with YBCO in structure. Especially, there are nearly none study on YBFO at home. YBFO is in all probability not only very good buffer material for YBCO coated conductor, but also perfect functional material with weak antiferromagnetic characteristic. Therefore, the research on YBFO is much more significative in theory and application.
It supplies valuable references to further recognize YBFO with123system the triple-perovskite structure by exploring the technology of preparation for YBFO and the doping effects about this system. Therefore, the dissertation launches the researches according to a few following aspects:the technology of preparation for YBFO, substitution of alkaline-earth metals Ca, Sr for Ba, rare earth metals La, Pr, Gd for Y, transition metals Co, Ni and Mn for Fe in YBFO, etc.. Concretely, there are some aspects as follows:
As for the preparation for YBFO samples, we synthesize many kinds of YBFO samples under different experimental conditions by the basic ideas of solid-phase and liquid-phase reaction. By optimizing the conditions of preparation, the more complete preparation technology for YBFO is obtained in the laboratory, which supplies valuable references to the large-scale production for YBFO. The dissertation pays attention to adopt a comparative method in the process of synthesizing samples, and summarizes the experimental conditions of various samples, viz., firstly, solid-phase reaction is adopted to probe into the experimental conditions, then, liquid-phase reaction are used to synthesize many kinds of high purity YBFO samples by those conditions. After obtaining pure YBFO, the dissertation gives out some measurement and study about the crystal structure, electric character and magnetic resistance effect etc. properties about YBFO. The experiment in which liquid-phase reaction is used to synthesize pure YBFO has also verified research considerations in the dissertation are feasible.
In the researches on doping effect of Ca and Sr in YBFO, considering two kinds of possible circumstances during doping Sr into YBFO, firstly, the dissertation attempts to synthesize (Y1-xCax)Ba2Fe3O8+w (YCBFO), YBa2-xSrxFe3O8+w (YBSFO) and (Y1-xSrx)Ba2Fe3O8+w (YSBFO) samples with few impurities, then, the structure characteristics of YCBFO and YBSFO are analysed by XRD, their electric and magnetic character are studied and discussed, and the differences and similarities of doping two kinds of alkaline-earth metals into YBFO are compared.
With respect to study on doping the rare earth elements La, Pr and Gd into YBFO, it is discussed that the synthesizing of the object product which are doped with rare earth into YBFO and the doping effect of La, Pr and Gd, respectively. The physical properties of REBa2Fe3O8+w (RE=Y, La, Pr, Gd) have been synthetically analyzed and compared. The inherent mechanism of the new phases which form in the process of doping in YBFO have been studied.
With respect to studies on doping the transition metal Co into YBFO, the dissertation adopts the formula YBa2(Fe1-xCox)3O8+w (YBFCO), we find the solid-solution limit of Co in YBFO x is about0.5, the Co doping leads to crystal parameters decreasing of YBFO, Co may substitute for Fe site in YBFO. By the analysis, we find that Co accomodates environments of square-pyramidal and octahedral configurations. We have also studied the electric character and magnetic resistance effect etc. properties about YBFCO.
With respect to studies on doping the transition metals Ni and Mn into YBFO, the dissertation adopts the formula YBa2Fe3-xTRxO8+w (TR=Ni, Mn). We observe that the solid-solution limits of both Ni and Mn in YBFO x are about0.3. Both Ni and Mn enter the Fe sublattice in YBFO, which lead to its crystal parameters decreasing. By the comparation of the resistivity-temperature curves among Co, Ni and Mn, the dissertation explains the varying situations about carriers concentration and mobility after YBFO are doped with these transition metals. The dissertation discusses magnetic resistance effect etc. character of Ni and Mn doping into YBFO system.
本文通过探索YBFO的制备工艺以及该体系的掺杂效应,为进一步深入认识这种具有123体系的三层钙钛矿结构的YBFO提供有价值的参考。为此,本文按照以下几个方面展开研究：YBFO的制备方法；YBFO的Ba位进行碱土金属Ca与Sr掺杂；YBFO的Y位进行稀土元素RE (La, Pr, Gd)掺杂；YBFO的Fe位进行过渡金属Co掺杂、Ni掺杂、Mn掺杂等方面内容。具体来说,有以下几个方面：
在YBFO的制备方面,本文根据固相反应法和液相反应法的基本原理,在不同的实验条件下,制备了多种YBFO样品。通过优化制备条件,获得了较为完整的YBFO实验室制备工艺,这为大规模生产YBFO提供了有价值的参考。论文在制备过程中注重采用比较的方法,并着重总结各种样品的实验条件,即首先运用固相法探索实验条件,然后在此实验条件下采用液相法制备多种高纯度的YBFO样品。在制备出纯相YBFO之后,本文还对YBFO的结构特性、电性质、磁阻效应等性质进行了测量和研究。采用液相法制备高纯度YBFO的实验也证实了本文采取的研究思路切实可行。
在YBFO的Ca与Sr掺杂效应研究方面,考虑到Sr掺入YBFO可能存在两种情况,本文首先力求制备出含尽可能少杂质相的(Y1-xCax)Ba2Fe308+w(YCBFO)、YBa2-xSrxFe308+w(YBSFO)和(Y1-xSrx)Ba2Fe3O8+w(YSBFO)样品,然后采用X射线衍射分析YCBFO和YBSFO的结构特性,研究并讨论了它们的电性质及磁性质,比较了YBFO的这两种碱土金属掺杂效应的异同点。
在YBFO的稀土La、Pr、Gd的掺杂研究方面,本文分别讨论了YBFO掺杂稀土元素的目标产物制备、以及La、Pr和Gd的掺杂效应。并对REBa2Fe308+w(RE=Y,La,Pr,Gd)的物理性质进行了综合分析比较,研究了YBFO掺杂过程中新相产生的内在机理。
在YBFO的过渡金属Co的掺杂方面,采用YBa2(Fe1-xCox)308+w(YBFCO)通式。发现Co在YBFO中的固溶限x约为0.5、Co掺杂导致YBFO的晶胞参数变小、Co可任意取代YBFO中的Fe位。通过分析发现,Co较适应于YBFO的八面体和四方锥体配位。并对YBFCO的电性质及磁阻效应等性质展开研究。
在YBFO的过渡金属Ni和Mn的掺杂方面,采用YBa2Fe3-xTRxO8+w(TR=Ni,Mn)通式。观察到Ni和Mn在YBFO中的固溶限x约为0.3,Ni与Mn掺杂均进入YBFO的Fe子晶格,导致其晶胞参数变小,通过对比Co、Ni和Mn的电阻率随温度变化的曲线,分析了YBFO分别掺杂这些过渡金属后的载流子浓度和迁移率变化情况,并讨论了YBFO体系的Ni和Mn掺杂的磁阻效应等性质。
At the present time, scholars from the domestic and the international have done much reseach about superconductor YBa2Cu3O7-δ (YBCO), while little reseach about YBa2Fe3O8+w (YBFO) which is much similar with YBCO in structure. Especially, there are nearly none study on YBFO at home. YBFO is in all probability not only very good buffer material for YBCO coated conductor, but also perfect functional material with weak antiferromagnetic characteristic. Therefore, the research on YBFO is much more significative in theory and application.
It supplies valuable references to further recognize YBFO with123system the triple-perovskite structure by exploring the technology of preparation for YBFO and the doping effects about this system. Therefore, the dissertation launches the researches according to a few following aspects:the technology of preparation for YBFO, substitution of alkaline-earth metals Ca, Sr for Ba, rare earth metals La, Pr, Gd for Y, transition metals Co, Ni and Mn for Fe in YBFO, etc.. Concretely, there are some aspects as follows:
As for the preparation for YBFO samples, we synthesize many kinds of YBFO samples under different experimental conditions by the basic ideas of solid-phase and liquid-phase reaction. By optimizing the conditions of preparation, the more complete preparation technology for YBFO is obtained in the laboratory, which supplies valuable references to the large-scale production for YBFO. The dissertation pays attention to adopt a comparative method in the process of synthesizing samples, and summarizes the experimental conditions of various samples, viz., firstly, solid-phase reaction is adopted to probe into the experimental conditions, then, liquid-phase reaction are used to synthesize many kinds of high purity YBFO samples by those conditions. After obtaining pure YBFO, the dissertation gives out some measurement and study about the crystal structure, electric character and magnetic resistance effect etc. properties about YBFO. The experiment in which liquid-phase reaction is used to synthesize pure YBFO has also verified research considerations in the dissertation are feasible.
In the researches on doping effect of Ca and Sr in YBFO, considering two kinds of possible circumstances during doping Sr into YBFO, firstly, the dissertation attempts to synthesize (Y1-xCax)Ba2Fe3O8+w (YCBFO), YBa2-xSrxFe3O8+w (YBSFO) and (Y1-xSrx)Ba2Fe3O8+w (YSBFO) samples with few impurities, then, the structure characteristics of YCBFO and YBSFO are analysed by XRD, their electric and magnetic character are studied and discussed, and the differences and similarities of doping two kinds of alkaline-earth metals into YBFO are compared.
With respect to study on doping the rare earth elements La, Pr and Gd into YBFO, it is discussed that the synthesizing of the object product which are doped with rare earth into YBFO and the doping effect of La, Pr and Gd, respectively. The physical properties of REBa2Fe3O8+w (RE=Y, La, Pr, Gd) have been synthetically analyzed and compared. The inherent mechanism of the new phases which form in the process of doping in YBFO have been studied.
With respect to studies on doping the transition metal Co into YBFO, the dissertation adopts the formula YBa2(Fe1-xCox)3O8+w (YBFCO), we find the solid-solution limit of Co in YBFO x is about0.5, the Co doping leads to crystal parameters decreasing of YBFO, Co may substitute for Fe site in YBFO. By the analysis, we find that Co accomodates environments of square-pyramidal and octahedral configurations. We have also studied the electric character and magnetic resistance effect etc. properties about YBFCO.
With respect to studies on doping the transition metals Ni and Mn into YBFO, the dissertation adopts the formula YBa2Fe3-xTRxO8+w (TR=Ni, Mn). We observe that the solid-solution limits of both Ni and Mn in YBFO x are about0.3. Both Ni and Mn enter the Fe sublattice in YBFO, which lead to its crystal parameters decreasing. By the comparation of the resistivity-temperature curves among Co, Ni and Mn, the dissertation explains the varying situations about carriers concentration and mobility after YBFO are doped with these transition metals. The dissertation discusses magnetic resistance effect etc. character of Ni and Mn doping into YBFO system.
引文
[1]P. Karen, A. Kjekshus. YBa2Fe3O8+w, with varied oxygen content[J]. Journal of solid state chemistry.1994,112:73.
[2]R. J. Cava, A. W. Hewat, E. A. Hewat, B. Batlogg, M. Marezio, K. M. Rabe, J. J. Krajewski, W. F. Peck, L. W. Rupp. Structural anomalies, oxygen ordering and superconductivity in oxygen deficient Ba2YCu3Ox[J]. Physica C.1990,165:419.
[3]P. Karen, H. Fjellvag, A. Kjekshus. Superconductivity in Y(Ba1-yLay)2Cu3O9-d[J]. J. Solid State Chem.1992,97:257.
[4]S. H. Lee, W. T. Kim, J. D. Jung. Correlation with risk factors and cardiovascular disease. Sae Mulli.1989,29:614.
[5]Y. Matsumoto, J. Hombo. Electrical conductivities of YBa2M3Oy(M:Fe,Co) system. J. Solid State Chem.1991,93:395.
[6]M. Elmassalami, A. Elzubair, H. M. Ibrahim, M. A. Rizgalla. Structural and magnetic properties of YBa2Fe3O7+x Fe-based 1-2-3 ceramic oxide. Physica C. 1991,183:143.
[7]P. Karen, P. H. Andersen, A. Kjekshus. Relationship between orthodontic treatment, condylar position, and internal derangement in the temporomandibular joint. J. Solid State Chem.1992,101:48.
[8]I.N.Sora,Q.Huang,J.W.Lynn,N.Rosov,P.Karen,A.Kjekshus,V.L.Karen,A.D.Mighell, A.Santoro.Neutron-powder-diffraction study of the nuclear and magnetic structures of the substitution compound (Y1-xCax)Ba2Fe3O8+y (x=0.05,0.10,0.20). Phys. Rev. B:Condens. Matter.1994,49:3465.
[9]张其瑞.高温超导电性.浙江大学出版社,1992.
[10]Yongli Xu. High Jc epitaxial YBa2Cu3O7-d films through a non-fluorine approach for coated conductor applications. Doctor of Philosophy.2003.
[11]R. Roy. Multiple ion substitution in the perovskite lattice. J. Am. Ceram. Soc.. 1954,37(12):581.
[12]J. M S. Skakle. Crystal chemical substitutions and doping of YBa2Cu3Ox and related superconductors. Materials Science and Engineering.1998,R23:1.
[13]Turgut M. Gur, Robert A. Huggins. High temperature oxygen transport and electronchemical behavior of YBa2Cu3Ox. J. Electronchem. Soc..1997,140(7): 1990.
[14]Gao L. Xue Y Y, Chen F. Superconductivity up to 164K in HgBa2Cam-1CumO2m+2+d (m=1,2,3) under quasihydrostatic pressures. Phys. Rev. B.1994,50:4260.
[15]J. D. Jorgensen. Defects and superconductivity in the copper oxides. Phys. Today.1991,44:34.
[16]T. Wada, S. Adachi, R. Inba. Substitution Effect of Sr for Ba of high-Tc superconducting YBa2Cu3O7-y ceramics. Jpn. J. Appl. Phys..1987,26:L706.
[17]梁敬魁,车广灿,陈小龙.高T。氧化物超导体系的相关系和晶体结构.科学出版社,1994：305.
[18]J.D.Jorgensen,B.W.Veal,A.P.Paulikas,L.J.Nowicki,G..W.Crabtree,H.Claus,W.K.Kwo k.Structural properties of oxygen-deficient YBa2Cu3O7-d. Phys.Rev.B.1990,41: 1863.
[19]张其瑞.高温超导电性.浙江大学出版社,1994：110.
[20]张思远.复杂晶体化学键的介电理论及其应用.科学出版社,2005：91.
[21]I Z. Morgenstern. Possible mechanism for high-Tc superconductivity. Phys. B: Condens. Matter.1988,70:299.
[22]Y. Kitaoka, K. Ishida, S. Hiramatsu, K. Asayama. High-Jc (La1-xBax)2CnO4. J. Phys. Soc. Jpn..1988,57:734.
[23]A. Aharony, R. J. Birgenau, A. Conigli, M. A. Kastner, H. E. Stanley. Magnetic phase diagram and magnetic pairing in doped La2CuO4. Phys. Rev. Lett..1988,60: 1330.
[24]M. Cyrot, J. P. Julien, D. Mayou. An alternative approach to the R.V.B. model, the spin one half doped mott insulator. Physica C.1988,153:1257.
[25]A. E. Ruckenstein, P. J. Hirschfeld. Mean-field theory of high-Tc superconductivity: The superexchange mechanism. J. Appel, Phys. Rev. B:Condens. Matter..1987, 36:857.
[26]T. Yuen, M. Seyedahmadian, R. E. Salomon, G.. H. Myer. Magnetic properties of a high Tc superconductivity related system Y1-xPrxBa2Fe3O8. American Institute of Physics.1996,S0021-8979:16608.
[27]P. Karen, A. Kjekshus, Q. Huang, V. L. Karen, J. W. Lynn, N. Rosov, S. I. Natali, A. Santoro. Neutron powder diffraction study of nuclear and magnetic structures of oxidized and reduced YBa2Fe3O8+w.Journal of Solid State Chemistry.2003,174: 87.
[28]P. Karen, E. Suard, F. Fauth. Crystal Structure of Stoichiometric YBa2Fe3O8. Inorg. Chem..2005,44:8170.
[29]J. Linden, A. Kjekshus, P. Karen, J. Miettinen, M. Karppinen. A57Fe Mossbauer Study of REBa2Fe3O8+w Triple Perovskites with Varied Oxygen Content (RE=Dy, Er, and Y). J. Solid State Chem..1998,139:168.
[30]I. Felner, I. Nowik U. Yaron, O. Cohen, E. R. Bauminger, Kroener T., Czjzek G. Magnetic properties, Mossbauer and specific-heat studies of RBa2Fe3O8(R=Y,Eu) compounds. Physical Review B.1993,48(21):16039.
[31]Yuanhui Xu, Xianfeng Hao, Minfeng Lii, Zhijian Wu, Defeng Zhou, Jian Meng, Electronic and magnetic properties of YBa2Fe3O8 from a first-principles study. Solid State Communications.2008,147:130.
[32]P. Karen, P. M. Woodward. Synthesis and structural investigations of the double perovskites REBaFe2O5+w (RE=Nd,Sm). J. Mater. Chem..1999,9:789.
[33]Q.Z. Huang, V. L. Karen, A. Santoro, A. Kjekshus, J. Linden, T. Pietari, P. Karen. Substitution of Co3+ in YBa2Fe3O8. Journal of solid state chemistry.2003,172:73.
[34]Q. Huang, P. Karen, V. L. Karen, A. Kjekshus, J.W. Lynn, A. D. Mighell, N. Rosov, A. Santoro. Neutron-powder-diffraction study of the nuclear and magnetic structures of YBa2Fe3O8 at room temperature. Phys. Rev. B:Condens. Matter. 1992,45:9611.
[35]A. K. Azad, A. K. M. Zakaria, F. U. Ahmed, S. K. Paranjpe, A. Das. Room temperature, low temperature and polarized neutron studies of YSr2Fe3O8. Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials.2000,214:251.
[36]A. Elzubair, M. El Massalami. Thermally activated electronic hopping and oxygen nonstoichiometry in the Perovskite LaBa2Fe3Ox. Physica B.1996,225:53.
[37]Alistair McKinlay, Paul Connor, John T. S. Irvine, Wuzong Zhou. Structural Chemistry and Conductivity of a Solid Solution of YBa1-xSrxCo2O5+d. J. Phys. Chem. C.2007,111(51):19120.
[38]P. D. Battle, T. C. Gibb, S. Nixon. A study of the ordering of oxygen vacancies in the nonstoichiometric perovskite Sr2LaFe3O8+y by Mossbauer spectroscopy and a comparison with SrFeO3-y. J. Solid State Chem.1989,79:75.
[39]I. Felner, G. Hilscher, M. Michor, B. Wortmann, J. Dumschat, V. P. S. Awana, S. K. Malik. Structural and unique magnetic properties of PrBa2Fe3O8. Phys. Rev. B.1996,54:11999.
[40]I. D. Brown. Structure and bonding in crystals.Academic.1981,2:1.
[41]高顺天.金属有机沉积(MOD)法制备YBFO涂层研究.西南交通大学硕士.2009：5.
[42]S. T. Gao, L. Y. Mu, W. T. Wang, M. H. Pu, H. Zhang, Y. Zhao. Epitaxial YBa2Fe3O8 Films Prepared by Chemical Solution Deposition Method. J Supercond Nov Magn.2010,23:995.
[43]M. Pissas, G. Kallias, E. Moraitakis, D. Niarchos, A. Simopoulos. Site occupancy of Fe in the oxygen-saturated YSr2Cu3-xFexOy compound for x=0.25 up to 1. Physica C.1994,234:127.
[44]B.Okai, M. Ohta. Crystal Structure and Tc of YBa2Cu3Oy(y>7). Jpn. J. Appl. Phys.1991,30:L1378.
[45]P. R. Slater, C. Greaves. Synthesis and structural characterisation of YSr2Cu3-xMxO7+/-y(M=Fe,Ti,Al,Co,Ga,Pb; 0.5 [46]A. Manthiram, J. B. Goodenough. Factors influencing Tc in 123 copper-oxide superconductors. Physica C.1989,159:760.
[47]Q. Huang, S. A. Sunhine, R. J. Cava, A. Santoro. J. Solid State Chem.. Neutron Powder Diffraction Study of the Crystal Structure of YSr2AlCu2O7.1993,102:534.
[48]M. Pissas, G. Kallias, A. Simopoulos, D. Niarchos, A. Kostikas. Mossbauer and crystal-structure study of YSr2Cu2FeOy isomorphic with YBa2(Cu1-xFex)3Oy. Phys. Rev.B.1992,46(21):14119.
[49]J. T. Wang, C. L. Lin, T. Mihalisin. Magnetic and thermodynamic properties of Sr2LaFe309. J. Appl. Phys.1996,79:6608.
[50]M. Elmassalami, A. Elzubair, H. Ibrahim, M. A. Rizgalla. Structural and magnetic properties of YBa2Fe3O7+x Fe-based 1-2-3 ceramic oxide. Physica C.1991,183:143.
[51]V. P. S. Awana, Latika Menon, S. K. Malik, Apurva Mehta, Sanjay Mishra, W. B. Yelon. Structural and magnetic studies on PrBa2Fe3O8. Physica B.1996,223:558.
[52]J. Linden, M. Lippmaa, P. Karen, A. Kjekshus, M. Karppinen. A 57Fe Mossbauer Study of the Cubic Perovskite-Type Phase LaBa2Fe3O8+w(-0.20 [53]R.W.Grant. in "Mossbauer Spectroscopy,"(U.Gonser.Ed.), Springer, Berlin,1975: 1069.
[54]P. Karen, A. Kjekshus, Q. Huang, J. W. Lynn, N. Rosov, I. Natali Sora,V. L. Karen, A. D. Mighell, A. Santoro. Neutron and X-Ray Powder Diffraction Study of RBa2Fe3O8+w Phases. J. Solid State Chem.1998,136:21.
[55]M. Cardona, L. Genzel, R. Liu, A. Wittlin, Hj. Mattausch. Infrared and Raman spectra of the MBa2Cu3O7 type high-Tc superconductors. Solid State Communications.1987,64:727.
[56]E. Garcia-Gonzalez, M. Parras, J. M. Gonzalez-Calbet, M. ValletRegi. A New "123" Family:LnBa2Fe3Oz. J. Solid State Chem.1994,110:142.
[57]A. Elzubair, M. El Massalami, P.H. Domingues. On the structure and magnetic properties of the series RBa2Fe308+x(R=La,Nd,Sm,Gd). Physica B.1999,271:284.
[58]J. M. Gonzalez-Calbet, M. Parras, M. Vallet-Regi. Microstructural Investigation of Oxygen-Deficient BaMnO3-y Hexagonal Perovskites. Solid State Chem.1993, 106:99.
[59]周益明,忻新泉.低热固相合成化学.无机化学学报.1999,15(5)：273.
[60]Xin X Q, Zheng L M. Solid state reaction of coordination compounds at low heating temperatures. J. Solid State Chem..1993,106:451.
[61]沈兴.差热、热重分析与非等温固相反应动力学.冶金工业出版社,1995：56.
[62]金春飞,景苏,忻新泉.低热固态化学反应与材料合成.无机化学学报.2002,9：859.
[63]LEI LiXU, XIN XinQuan. In Situ Investigation of an Unusual Solid State Reaction of FeSO7HO with 1,10-Phenanthroline. Huaxue Tongbao(Chemistry).1997,2:1.
[64]F. W. Dynys, J. W. Halloran. Influence of Aggregates on Sintering. J Am Ceram Soc..1984,67(9):596.
[65]W. H. Rhodes. Agglomerate and Particle Size Effects on Sintering Yttria-Stabilized Zirconia. J Am Ceram Soc..1981,64(1):19.
[66]许迪春,郝晓春,朱宣惠.湿化学法制备Zr02(Y203)超细粉末过程中团聚状态的控制.硅酸盐学报.1992,20(1)：48.
[67]N. V. Krylov, M. V. Safonov. A certain property of solutions of parabolic equations with measurable coefficients. Izv. Akad. Nauk SSSR Ser. Mat.1980,44(l):161.
[68]Shouheng Sun, Hao Zeng. Size-Controlled Synthesis of Magnetite Nanoparticles. J. Am. Chem. Soc.2002,124(28):8204.
[69]T. Sugimoto. Preparation of monodispersed colloidal particles. Adv in Colloid and Interface Sci..1987,28:65.
[70]R L. Coble. Sintering Crystalline Solids. Ⅱ. Experimental Test of Diffusion Models in Powder Compacts. J. Appl. Phys..1961,32(5):787.
[71]A. Stein, S. W. Keller, T. E. Mallouk. Turning Down the Heat:Design and Mechanism in Solid-State Synthesis. Science.1993,259:1558.
[72]F. Toda, K. Mori. Synthesis of chiral molybdenum ROMP initiators and allcis highly tactic Poly (2,3-(R)2norbornadiene). J. Chem. Soc. Chem. Commun.,1989, 7(6):1245.
[73]L. X. Lei, X. Q. Xin. Langmuir-Blodgett film and second harmonic generation of a series of new nonlinear optical rare earth complexes. J. Solid State Chem..1995, 119(7):299.
[74]J. Tersoff. Modeling solid-state chemistry:Interatomic potentials for muticomponent systems. Physical Review B.1989,39:5566.
[75]F. Toda. Solid State Organic Chemistry:Efficient Reactions, Remarkable Yields, and Stereoselectivity. Ace. Chem. Res..1995,28(12):480.
[76]E. Yablonovitch. Inhibited Spontaneous Emission in Solid-State Physics and Electronics. Physical Review Letters.1987,58:2059.
[77]G.. A. EI-Shobaky, F. F. Abdalla, M. N. Hamed, et al. Effects of ZrO2-doping of a CuO/MgO system on its surface and catalytic properties. Collids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects.2002,211(1):1.
[78]W. M. Shaheen. Thermal solid-solid interaction and catalytic properties of CuO/Al2O3 system treated with ZnO and MoO3. Thermochimica Acta.2002, 385(1-2):105.
[79]Cui Hongtao, Hong Guangyan, Wu Xueyan, etc. Silicon dioxide coating of CeO2 nanoparticles by solid state reaction at room temperature. Materials Research Bulletin.2002,37(13):2155.
[80]S. Mazumder, G. S. Bhattacharyya. Synthesis and characterization of in situ grown magnetoelectric composites in the BaO-TiO-FeO-CoO system. Ceramics International.2004,30(3):389.
[81]T. Ohtani, M. Shohno. Room temperature formation of Cu3Se2 by solid-state reaction between α-Cu2Se and α-CuSe. Journal of Solid State Chemistry.2004, 177(11):3886.
[82]Li Qingwen, Luo Guam, Li Juan, etc. Preparation of ultrafine MnO2 powders by the solid state method reaction of KMnO4 with Mn(Ⅱ) salts at room temperature. Journal of Materials Processing Technology.2003,137(1-3):25.
[83]Tokuoka Saori, Uematsu Kazuyoshi, Sato Mineo. Room temperature synthesis and characterization of perovskite compounds. Solid State Ionics.2002,2:393.
[84]庞锡涛.无机化学(下).高等教育出版社,1996：261.
[85]田民波.磁性材料.清华大学出版社.
[86]P. W. Anderson. Exchange in Insulators:Superexchange, Direct Exchange, and Double Exchange.Academic.1963.
[87]J. B. Goodenough. Magnetism and the Chemical Bond. Interscience,1963.
[88]Xueyan Song, George Daniels, D Matt Feldmann, Alex Gurevich, David Larbalestier. Electromagnetic, atomic structure and chemistry changes induced by Ca-doping of low-angle YBa2Cu3O7-x grain boundaries. Nature Materials.2005,4: 470.
[89]G. Bottger, H. Schwer, E. Kaldis, K. Bente. Ca doping of YBa2Cu3O7-s single crystals:structural aspects. Physica C.1997,275:198.
[90]P. David. D. H. Norton, B. C. Lowndes, J. D. Sales, B. C. Budai, H. R. Chakoumakos. Superconductivity and hole doping in Pr0.5Ca0.5Ba2Cu3O7-x thin films. Phys. Rev. Lett..1991,66:1537.
[91]H. Schwer, E. Kaldis, J. Karpinski, C. Rossel. The Effect of Ca Doping on the Structures of YBa2Cu4O8 and Y2Ba4Cu7O14+x Single Crystals. Journal of Solid State Chemistry.1994,111(1):96.
[92]X. S. Wu, S. S. Jiang, J. Lin, J. S. Liu, W. M. Chen, X. Jin. Micro structural variations of YBa2Cu3Oy doped with Ca at high doping level. Physica C.1998,309(1-2):25.
[93]T. Miyatake, S. Gotoh, N. Koshizuka, S. Tanaka. Tc increased to 90 K in YBa2Cu4O8 by Ca doping. Nature.1989,341:41.
[94]G. Rajiv, V. P. S. Awana, H. K. Singh, et al. Effect of Ca doping for Y on structural/microstructural and superconducting properties of YBa2Cu3O7-δ Physica C.2005,419:101.
[95]K. Widder, D. Berner, J. Munzel, et al. Charge carrier diatribution in Y1-xCaxBa2Cu3Ox. Physica C.1996,267:254.
[96]Dong Han Ha, Sunye Byon, Yong Kim. Correction of impurity effects on the characterization of YBCO superconductor. Physica C.2000,333:72.
[97]A. Semwal, N. M. Stricklangd, A. Bubendorfer, et al. Doping dependence of the critical current and irreversibility field in Y1-xCaxBa2Cu3O7-y. Supercond. Sci. Technol..2004,17:S506.
[98]X. N. Ying, J. He, Y. N. Wang. A low temperature internal friction study of Y0.85Ca0.15Ba2Cu3O7-d with different oxygen content. Solid. State Communications. 2004,130:441.
[99]Shixun Cao, Lingwei Li, Fen Liu, et al. Structure and charge transfer correlated with oxygen content for a Y0.8Ca0.2Ba2Cu3Oy(y=6.84-6.32) system:a positron study. Supercond. Sci. Technol..2005,18:606.
[100]A. Tokiwa, Y. syono, M. Kikuchi, et al. Crystal structure and superconductivity controlled by cation substitution and oxygen annealing in Y1-xCaxBa2Cu3Oy and YBa2-xLaxCu3Oy. Japanese Journal of Applied Physics.1988,27(2):L1009.
[101]F. Delorme, C. Harnois, I. Monot-Laffez, S. Marinel. Ca doping of TSMTG-YBa2Cu3O7-x/Y2BaCuO5 composites. Physica C.2002,382:415.
[102]Rajiv Giri, V. P. S. Awana, H. K. Singh, R. S. Tiwari, O. N. Srivastava, Anurag Gupta, B. V. Kumaraswamy, H. Kishan. Effect of Ca doping for Y on structural/microstructural and superconducting properties of YBa2Cu3O7-x. Physica C.2005,419(3-4):101.
[103]R. D. Shannon. Revised effective ionic radii and systematic studies of interatomicdistances in halides and chalcogenides. Acta Crystallogr. A.1976,32: 751.
[104]戴道生,钱昆明.铁磁学(上).科学出版社,2000.
[105]E. Belorizky, M. A. Fremy, J. P. Gavigan, D. Givord, H. S. Li. Evidence in rare-earth (R)-transition metal (M) intermetallics for systematic dependence of R-M exchange interactions on the nature of the R atom. J. Appl. Phys.. 1987,61(8):3971.
[106]I. A. Campbell. Indirect exchange for rare earths in metals. J. Phys. F:Met. Phys.. 1972,2:L47.
[107]F. R.deboer, Z. G. Zhao, K. H. J. Buschow.4f-3d interaction and magnetic anisotropy in ThMn12-type rare-earth transition-metal compounds. Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials.1996,157-158:504.
[108]E. M. Engler, V. Y. Lee, A. I. Nazzal, R. Beyers, G. Lim, P. M. Grant, S. S. P. Parkin, M. L. Ramirez, J. E. Vazquez, R. J. Savoy. Superconductivity above liquid nitrogen temperature:preparation and properties of a family of perovskite-based superconductors. J. Am. Chem. Soc..1987,109(9):2848.
[109]T. Tamegai, A. Watanabe, I. Oguro, Y. Iye. Structures and Upper Critical Fields of High Tc Superconductors (RE)Ba2Cu3Ox. Jpn. J. Appl. Phys.1987,26:L1304.
[110]P. Karen, H. Fjellvag, O. Braaten, A. Kjekshus, H. Bratsberg. Lanthanide substitution in YBa2Cu3O9-x. Acta Chem. Scand.1990,44:994.
[111]K. N. Yang, Y. Dalichaouch, J. M. Ferreira, B. W. Lee, J. J. Neumeier, M. S. Torikachvili, H. Zhou, M. B. Maple. High temperature superconductivity in rare-earth (R)-barium copper oxides (RBa2)Cu3O9-s. Solid State Commun.1987, 63:515.
[112]J. M. Tarascon, W. R. Mckinnon, L. H. Greene, G. W. Hull, E. M. Vogel. Oxygen and rare-earth doping of the 90-K superconducting perovskite YBa2Cu3O7-x. Phys. Rev. B.1987,36:226.
[113]S. Tsurumi, M. Hikita, T. Iwata, K. Semba, S. Kurihara. High Tc Superconductivities of A2Ba4Cu6O14+y. Jpn. J. Appl. Phys.1987,26:L856.
[114]T. Tamegai, I. Oguro, K. Koga, A. Watanabe, Y. lye. High Tc superconductivity in (RE)Ba2Cu3Ox structure, transport and magnetism. Physica B.1987,148:453.
[115]R. Liang, Y. Inaguma, Y. Takagi, T. Nakamura. The Effect of Substitution of Lanthanum for Barium and Cerium for Yttrium on the Tc of Superconductivity Ba2YCu3O7. Jpn. J. Appl. Phys.1987,26:L1150.
[116]A. Ozturk, I. Duzgun, S. Celebi. The effect of partial Lu doping on magnetic behaviour of YBCO(123) superconductors. Journal of Alloys and Compounds. 2010,495(1):104.
[117]A. Oota, Y. Sasaki, M. Ohkubo,T. Hioki. Superconducting and Magnetic Properties of the High-Tc and High-Density Superconductor Y1-xLuxBa2Cu3O7-y. Jpn. J. Appl. Phys.1988,27:L1425.
[118]P. H. Hor, R. L. Meng, Y. Q. Wang, L. Gao, Z. J. Huang, J. Bechtold, K. Forster, C. W. Chu. Superconductivity above 90 K in the square-planar compound system ABa2Cu306+x with A=Y,La,Nd,Sm,Eu,Gd,Ho,Er and Lu. Phys. Rev. Lett.1987, 58:1891.
[119]M. Guillaume, P. AllensPach, W. Henggeler, J. Mesot, B. Roessli, U. Staub, P. Fischer, A. Furrer, V. Trounov. A systematic low-temperature neutron diffraction study of the RBa2Cu3Ox (R=ytttium and rare earths; x=6 and 7) compounds. J. Phys. Condens. Matter.1994,6:7963.
[120]I. D. Brown, D. Altermatt. Bond-valence parameters obtained from a systematic analysis of the Inorganic Crystal Structure Database. Acta Crystallogr. B.1985, 41:244.
[121]任清褒,谢潮涌,叶远平.钙钛矿型铁电体的宏观效应及其应用.丽水师范专科学校学报,2003,25(5)：36.
[122]I. D. Brown. The influence of internal strain on the charge distribution and superconducting transition temperature in Ba2YCu3Ox. J. Solid State Chem.1991, 90:155.
[123]J. M. S. Skakle. Crystal chemical substitutions and doping of YBa2Cu3Ox and related superconductors. Materials Science and Engineering.1998,R23:1.
[124]Toshiyuki USAGAWA, Hiromi UNOKI, Ichiro TERASAKI, Jianguo WEN, Naoki KOSHIZUKA, Youichi ENOMOTO. Strained YBa2Fe3O8-x Films Lattice-Matched to YBa2Cu3O7-x. Jpn. J. Appl. Phys.1999,38:L370.
[125]M. B. Maple, B. W. Lee. J. J. Neumeier, G. Nieva, L. M. Paulius, C. L. Seaman. Hybridization, hole localization and pair breaking in the high Tc superconducting system Y1-xPrxBa2Cu3O7-x. J. Alloys Comp..1992,181(1-2):135.
[126]J. J. Neumeier, T. Bjornholm, M. B. Maple, J. J. Rhyne, J. A. Gotaas. Neutron diffraction study of Pr valence and oxygen ordering in the Y1-xPrxBa2Cu3O7-d system. Physica C.1990,166:191.
[127]W-H.Li, et al.. Magnetic order of Pr in PrBa2Cu307. Phys. Rev. B.1989,40:5300.
[128]I. Felner, U. Yaron, I. Nowik, E. R. Bauminger, Y. Wolfus, E. R. Yacoby, G. Hilscher, N. Pillmayr. Magnetic order and superconductivity in Y1-xPrxBa2Cu3O7. Phys. Rev, B.1989,40:6739.
[129]G. Hilscher, E. Hollang-Moritz, T. Holubar, H. D. Jostarndt, V. Nekvasil, G. Schaudy, U. Walter, G. Fillion. Valence of praseodymium in PrxY1-xBa2Cu3O7-y: Inelastic-neutron-scattering, spectific-heat, and susceptibility study. Phys. Rev. B. 1994,49:535.
[130]G Xiao, M. Z. Cieplak, D. Musser, A. Gavrin, F. H. Streitz, C. L. Chien, J. J. Rhyne, J. A. Gotaas. Significance of plane versus chain sites in high-temperature oxide superconductors. Nature.1988,332:238.
[131]Peng Xiong, Gang Xiao, X. D. Wu. Hall angle in YBa2Cu3O7-x epitaxial films: Comparison between oxygen reduction and Pr doping. Phys. Rev. B.1993,47: 5516.
[132]S. Geremia, G. Nardin, R. Mosca, L. Randaccio, E. Zangrando. Synthesis and structure of 1,2,3-type ceramic oxides containing cobalt instead of copper. Solid State Commun.1989,72:333.
[133]O. Cohen, I. Felner, I. Nowik, U. Yaron, E. R. Bauminger. Mossbauer study of magnetic order in RBa2Fe308. Hyper. Int.1993,79(1-4):897.
[134]T. Yuen, M. Seyedahmadian, R. E. Salomon, G. H. Myer, G. Cao. Magnetic properties of a high Tc superconductivity related system Y1-xPrxBa2Fe3O8. J. Appl. Phys.1996,79:6001.
[135]T. C. Gibb, M. Matsuo. A study of the oxygen-deficient perovskite Ba1-xLaxFeO3-y by Mossbauer spectroscopy. J. Solid State Chem.1989,81:83.
[136]J. Li, X. Cai, T. M. Wang. Electronic structures of Fe in La1-xBaxFeO3-y (0≤x≤0.70). Appl. Phys. A.1992,55:158.
[137]D. X. Huang, Y. Yamada, I. Hirabayashi. Microstructural studies of YBCO films grown on MgO substrate with Y-Ba-Fe-O seeds by liquid phase epitaxy. Physica C. 2001,357-360:1034.
[138]Y. K. Atanassova, V. G. Hadjiev, P. Karen, A. Kjekshus. Raman scattering from YBa2Fe3O8+x. Phys. Rev. B.1994,50:586.
[139]Xin Yao, Jian Hu. Liquid phase epitaxy of REBa2Cu3O7-x single-crystalline thick films. Progress in Solid State Chemistry.2004,32(3-4):219.
[140]P. Karen, P. H. Andresen, A. Kjekshus. YBa2Fe3O8 and YCu(O)-BaCu(O)-YFe(O)-BaFe(O) phase diagram. Journal of Solid State Chemistry.1992,101(1):48.
[141]Y. Matsumoto, J. Hombo. Electrical conductivities of YBa2M3Oy (M:Fe, Co) system. Journal of Solid State Chemistry.1991,93(2):395.
[142]P. H. Andresen, H. Fjellvag, P. Karen, A. Kjekshus. Substitution for Copper in YBa2Cu3O9-x by 3d-and Pre-transition Metals. Acta Chem.Scand.1991,45:698.
[143]A. Carrington, A. P. Mackenzie, C. T. Lin, J. R. Cooper. Temperature dependence of the Hall angle in single-crystal YBa2(Cu1-xCox)3O7-x. Phys. Rev. Lett. 1992,69:2855.
[144]A. J. Jacobson, J. L. Hutchison. An investigation of the structure of 12HBaCoO2.6 by electron microscopy and powder neutron diffraction. J. Solid State Chem.1980, 35:334.
[145]I. D. Brown. Accumulated table of bond valence parameters.version.1999.
[146]J. Linden, P. Karen, A. Kjekshus, J. Miettinen, T. Pietari, M. Karppinen. Valence-state mixing and separation in SmBaFe2O5+w. Phys. Rev. B.1999,60: 15251.
[147]N. F. Mott, E. A. Davis. Electronic Processes in Non-Crystalline Materials. Clarendon Press, Oxford,1971.
[2]R. J. Cava, A. W. Hewat, E. A. Hewat, B. Batlogg, M. Marezio, K. M. Rabe, J. J. Krajewski, W. F. Peck, L. W. Rupp. Structural anomalies, oxygen ordering and superconductivity in oxygen deficient Ba2YCu3Ox[J]. Physica C.1990,165:419.
[3]P. Karen, H. Fjellvag, A. Kjekshus. Superconductivity in Y(Ba1-yLay)2Cu3O9-d[J]. J. Solid State Chem.1992,97:257.
[4]S. H. Lee, W. T. Kim, J. D. Jung. Correlation with risk factors and cardiovascular disease. Sae Mulli.1989,29:614.
[5]Y. Matsumoto, J. Hombo. Electrical conductivities of YBa2M3Oy(M:Fe,Co) system. J. Solid State Chem.1991,93:395.
[6]M. Elmassalami, A. Elzubair, H. M. Ibrahim, M. A. Rizgalla. Structural and magnetic properties of YBa2Fe3O7+x Fe-based 1-2-3 ceramic oxide. Physica C. 1991,183:143.
[7]P. Karen, P. H. Andersen, A. Kjekshus. Relationship between orthodontic treatment, condylar position, and internal derangement in the temporomandibular joint. J. Solid State Chem.1992,101:48.
[8]I.N.Sora,Q.Huang,J.W.Lynn,N.Rosov,P.Karen,A.Kjekshus,V.L.Karen,A.D.Mighell, A.Santoro.Neutron-powder-diffraction study of the nuclear and magnetic structures of the substitution compound (Y1-xCax)Ba2Fe3O8+y (x=0.05,0.10,0.20). Phys. Rev. B:Condens. Matter.1994,49:3465.
[9]张其瑞.高温超导电性.浙江大学出版社,1992.
[10]Yongli Xu. High Jc epitaxial YBa2Cu3O7-d films through a non-fluorine approach for coated conductor applications. Doctor of Philosophy.2003.
[11]R. Roy. Multiple ion substitution in the perovskite lattice. J. Am. Ceram. Soc.. 1954,37(12):581.
[12]J. M S. Skakle. Crystal chemical substitutions and doping of YBa2Cu3Ox and related superconductors. Materials Science and Engineering.1998,R23:1.
[13]Turgut M. Gur, Robert A. Huggins. High temperature oxygen transport and electronchemical behavior of YBa2Cu3Ox. J. Electronchem. Soc..1997,140(7): 1990.
[14]Gao L. Xue Y Y, Chen F. Superconductivity up to 164K in HgBa2Cam-1CumO2m+2+d (m=1,2,3) under quasihydrostatic pressures. Phys. Rev. B.1994,50:4260.
[15]J. D. Jorgensen. Defects and superconductivity in the copper oxides. Phys. Today.1991,44:34.
[16]T. Wada, S. Adachi, R. Inba. Substitution Effect of Sr for Ba of high-Tc superconducting YBa2Cu3O7-y ceramics. Jpn. J. Appl. Phys..1987,26:L706.
[17]梁敬魁,车广灿,陈小龙.高T。氧化物超导体系的相关系和晶体结构.科学出版社,1994：305.
[18]J.D.Jorgensen,B.W.Veal,A.P.Paulikas,L.J.Nowicki,G..W.Crabtree,H.Claus,W.K.Kwo k.Structural properties of oxygen-deficient YBa2Cu3O7-d. Phys.Rev.B.1990,41: 1863.
[19]张其瑞.高温超导电性.浙江大学出版社,1994：110.
[20]张思远.复杂晶体化学键的介电理论及其应用.科学出版社,2005：91.
[21]I Z. Morgenstern. Possible mechanism for high-Tc superconductivity. Phys. B: Condens. Matter.1988,70:299.
[22]Y. Kitaoka, K. Ishida, S. Hiramatsu, K. Asayama. High-Jc (La1-xBax)2CnO4. J. Phys. Soc. Jpn..1988,57:734.
[23]A. Aharony, R. J. Birgenau, A. Conigli, M. A. Kastner, H. E. Stanley. Magnetic phase diagram and magnetic pairing in doped La2CuO4. Phys. Rev. Lett..1988,60: 1330.
[24]M. Cyrot, J. P. Julien, D. Mayou. An alternative approach to the R.V.B. model, the spin one half doped mott insulator. Physica C.1988,153:1257.
[25]A. E. Ruckenstein, P. J. Hirschfeld. Mean-field theory of high-Tc superconductivity: The superexchange mechanism. J. Appel, Phys. Rev. B:Condens. Matter..1987, 36:857.
[26]T. Yuen, M. Seyedahmadian, R. E. Salomon, G.. H. Myer. Magnetic properties of a high Tc superconductivity related system Y1-xPrxBa2Fe3O8. American Institute of Physics.1996,S0021-8979:16608.
[27]P. Karen, A. Kjekshus, Q. Huang, V. L. Karen, J. W. Lynn, N. Rosov, S. I. Natali, A. Santoro. Neutron powder diffraction study of nuclear and magnetic structures of oxidized and reduced YBa2Fe3O8+w.Journal of Solid State Chemistry.2003,174: 87.
[28]P. Karen, E. Suard, F. Fauth. Crystal Structure of Stoichiometric YBa2Fe3O8. Inorg. Chem..2005,44:8170.
[29]J. Linden, A. Kjekshus, P. Karen, J. Miettinen, M. Karppinen. A57Fe Mossbauer Study of REBa2Fe3O8+w Triple Perovskites with Varied Oxygen Content (RE=Dy, Er, and Y). J. Solid State Chem..1998,139:168.
[30]I. Felner, I. Nowik U. Yaron, O. Cohen, E. R. Bauminger, Kroener T., Czjzek G. Magnetic properties, Mossbauer and specific-heat studies of RBa2Fe3O8(R=Y,Eu) compounds. Physical Review B.1993,48(21):16039.
[31]Yuanhui Xu, Xianfeng Hao, Minfeng Lii, Zhijian Wu, Defeng Zhou, Jian Meng, Electronic and magnetic properties of YBa2Fe3O8 from a first-principles study. Solid State Communications.2008,147:130.
[32]P. Karen, P. M. Woodward. Synthesis and structural investigations of the double perovskites REBaFe2O5+w (RE=Nd,Sm). J. Mater. Chem..1999,9:789.
[33]Q.Z. Huang, V. L. Karen, A. Santoro, A. Kjekshus, J. Linden, T. Pietari, P. Karen. Substitution of Co3+ in YBa2Fe3O8. Journal of solid state chemistry.2003,172:73.
[34]Q. Huang, P. Karen, V. L. Karen, A. Kjekshus, J.W. Lynn, A. D. Mighell, N. Rosov, A. Santoro. Neutron-powder-diffraction study of the nuclear and magnetic structures of YBa2Fe3O8 at room temperature. Phys. Rev. B:Condens. Matter. 1992,45:9611.
[35]A. K. Azad, A. K. M. Zakaria, F. U. Ahmed, S. K. Paranjpe, A. Das. Room temperature, low temperature and polarized neutron studies of YSr2Fe3O8. Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials.2000,214:251.
[36]A. Elzubair, M. El Massalami. Thermally activated electronic hopping and oxygen nonstoichiometry in the Perovskite LaBa2Fe3Ox. Physica B.1996,225:53.
[37]Alistair McKinlay, Paul Connor, John T. S. Irvine, Wuzong Zhou. Structural Chemistry and Conductivity of a Solid Solution of YBa1-xSrxCo2O5+d. J. Phys. Chem. C.2007,111(51):19120.
[38]P. D. Battle, T. C. Gibb, S. Nixon. A study of the ordering of oxygen vacancies in the nonstoichiometric perovskite Sr2LaFe3O8+y by Mossbauer spectroscopy and a comparison with SrFeO3-y. J. Solid State Chem.1989,79:75.
[39]I. Felner, G. Hilscher, M. Michor, B. Wortmann, J. Dumschat, V. P. S. Awana, S. K. Malik. Structural and unique magnetic properties of PrBa2Fe3O8. Phys. Rev. B.1996,54:11999.
[40]I. D. Brown. Structure and bonding in crystals.Academic.1981,2:1.
[41]高顺天.金属有机沉积(MOD)法制备YBFO涂层研究.西南交通大学硕士.2009：5.
[42]S. T. Gao, L. Y. Mu, W. T. Wang, M. H. Pu, H. Zhang, Y. Zhao. Epitaxial YBa2Fe3O8 Films Prepared by Chemical Solution Deposition Method. J Supercond Nov Magn.2010,23:995.
[43]M. Pissas, G. Kallias, E. Moraitakis, D. Niarchos, A. Simopoulos. Site occupancy of Fe in the oxygen-saturated YSr2Cu3-xFexOy compound for x=0.25 up to 1. Physica C.1994,234:127.
[44]B.Okai, M. Ohta. Crystal Structure and Tc of YBa2Cu3Oy(y>7). Jpn. J. Appl. Phys.1991,30:L1378.
[45]P. R. Slater, C. Greaves. Synthesis and structural characterisation of YSr2Cu3-xMxO7+/-y(M=Fe,Ti,Al,Co,Ga,Pb; 0.5
[47]Q. Huang, S. A. Sunhine, R. J. Cava, A. Santoro. J. Solid State Chem.. Neutron Powder Diffraction Study of the Crystal Structure of YSr2AlCu2O7.1993,102:534.
[48]M. Pissas, G. Kallias, A. Simopoulos, D. Niarchos, A. Kostikas. Mossbauer and crystal-structure study of YSr2Cu2FeOy isomorphic with YBa2(Cu1-xFex)3Oy. Phys. Rev.B.1992,46(21):14119.
[49]J. T. Wang, C. L. Lin, T. Mihalisin. Magnetic and thermodynamic properties of Sr2LaFe309. J. Appl. Phys.1996,79:6608.
[50]M. Elmassalami, A. Elzubair, H. Ibrahim, M. A. Rizgalla. Structural and magnetic properties of YBa2Fe3O7+x Fe-based 1-2-3 ceramic oxide. Physica C.1991,183:143.
[51]V. P. S. Awana, Latika Menon, S. K. Malik, Apurva Mehta, Sanjay Mishra, W. B. Yelon. Structural and magnetic studies on PrBa2Fe3O8. Physica B.1996,223:558.
[52]J. Linden, M. Lippmaa, P. Karen, A. Kjekshus, M. Karppinen. A 57Fe Mossbauer Study of the Cubic Perovskite-Type Phase LaBa2Fe3O8+w(-0.20
[54]P. Karen, A. Kjekshus, Q. Huang, J. W. Lynn, N. Rosov, I. Natali Sora,V. L. Karen, A. D. Mighell, A. Santoro. Neutron and X-Ray Powder Diffraction Study of RBa2Fe3O8+w Phases. J. Solid State Chem.1998,136:21.
[55]M. Cardona, L. Genzel, R. Liu, A. Wittlin, Hj. Mattausch. Infrared and Raman spectra of the MBa2Cu3O7 type high-Tc superconductors. Solid State Communications.1987,64:727.
[56]E. Garcia-Gonzalez, M. Parras, J. M. Gonzalez-Calbet, M. ValletRegi. A New "123" Family:LnBa2Fe3Oz. J. Solid State Chem.1994,110:142.
[57]A. Elzubair, M. El Massalami, P.H. Domingues. On the structure and magnetic properties of the series RBa2Fe308+x(R=La,Nd,Sm,Gd). Physica B.1999,271:284.
[58]J. M. Gonzalez-Calbet, M. Parras, M. Vallet-Regi. Microstructural Investigation of Oxygen-Deficient BaMnO3-y Hexagonal Perovskites. Solid State Chem.1993, 106:99.
[59]周益明,忻新泉.低热固相合成化学.无机化学学报.1999,15(5)：273.
[60]Xin X Q, Zheng L M. Solid state reaction of coordination compounds at low heating temperatures. J. Solid State Chem..1993,106:451.
[61]沈兴.差热、热重分析与非等温固相反应动力学.冶金工业出版社,1995：56.
[62]金春飞,景苏,忻新泉.低热固态化学反应与材料合成.无机化学学报.2002,9：859.
[63]LEI LiXU, XIN XinQuan. In Situ Investigation of an Unusual Solid State Reaction of FeSO7HO with 1,10-Phenanthroline. Huaxue Tongbao(Chemistry).1997,2:1.
[64]F. W. Dynys, J. W. Halloran. Influence of Aggregates on Sintering. J Am Ceram Soc..1984,67(9):596.
[65]W. H. Rhodes. Agglomerate and Particle Size Effects on Sintering Yttria-Stabilized Zirconia. J Am Ceram Soc..1981,64(1):19.
[66]许迪春,郝晓春,朱宣惠.湿化学法制备Zr02(Y203)超细粉末过程中团聚状态的控制.硅酸盐学报.1992,20(1)：48.
[67]N. V. Krylov, M. V. Safonov. A certain property of solutions of parabolic equations with measurable coefficients. Izv. Akad. Nauk SSSR Ser. Mat.1980,44(l):161.
[68]Shouheng Sun, Hao Zeng. Size-Controlled Synthesis of Magnetite Nanoparticles. J. Am. Chem. Soc.2002,124(28):8204.
[69]T. Sugimoto. Preparation of monodispersed colloidal particles. Adv in Colloid and Interface Sci..1987,28:65.
[70]R L. Coble. Sintering Crystalline Solids. Ⅱ. Experimental Test of Diffusion Models in Powder Compacts. J. Appl. Phys..1961,32(5):787.
[71]A. Stein, S. W. Keller, T. E. Mallouk. Turning Down the Heat:Design and Mechanism in Solid-State Synthesis. Science.1993,259:1558.
[72]F. Toda, K. Mori. Synthesis of chiral molybdenum ROMP initiators and allcis highly tactic Poly (2,3-(R)2norbornadiene). J. Chem. Soc. Chem. Commun.,1989, 7(6):1245.
[73]L. X. Lei, X. Q. Xin. Langmuir-Blodgett film and second harmonic generation of a series of new nonlinear optical rare earth complexes. J. Solid State Chem..1995, 119(7):299.
[74]J. Tersoff. Modeling solid-state chemistry:Interatomic potentials for muticomponent systems. Physical Review B.1989,39:5566.
[75]F. Toda. Solid State Organic Chemistry:Efficient Reactions, Remarkable Yields, and Stereoselectivity. Ace. Chem. Res..1995,28(12):480.
[76]E. Yablonovitch. Inhibited Spontaneous Emission in Solid-State Physics and Electronics. Physical Review Letters.1987,58:2059.
[77]G.. A. EI-Shobaky, F. F. Abdalla, M. N. Hamed, et al. Effects of ZrO2-doping of a CuO/MgO system on its surface and catalytic properties. Collids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects.2002,211(1):1.
[78]W. M. Shaheen. Thermal solid-solid interaction and catalytic properties of CuO/Al2O3 system treated with ZnO and MoO3. Thermochimica Acta.2002, 385(1-2):105.
[79]Cui Hongtao, Hong Guangyan, Wu Xueyan, etc. Silicon dioxide coating of CeO2 nanoparticles by solid state reaction at room temperature. Materials Research Bulletin.2002,37(13):2155.
[80]S. Mazumder, G. S. Bhattacharyya. Synthesis and characterization of in situ grown magnetoelectric composites in the BaO-TiO-FeO-CoO system. Ceramics International.2004,30(3):389.
[81]T. Ohtani, M. Shohno. Room temperature formation of Cu3Se2 by solid-state reaction between α-Cu2Se and α-CuSe. Journal of Solid State Chemistry.2004, 177(11):3886.
[82]Li Qingwen, Luo Guam, Li Juan, etc. Preparation of ultrafine MnO2 powders by the solid state method reaction of KMnO4 with Mn(Ⅱ) salts at room temperature. Journal of Materials Processing Technology.2003,137(1-3):25.
[83]Tokuoka Saori, Uematsu Kazuyoshi, Sato Mineo. Room temperature synthesis and characterization of perovskite compounds. Solid State Ionics.2002,2:393.
[84]庞锡涛.无机化学(下).高等教育出版社,1996：261.
[85]田民波.磁性材料.清华大学出版社.
[86]P. W. Anderson. Exchange in Insulators:Superexchange, Direct Exchange, and Double Exchange.Academic.1963.
[87]J. B. Goodenough. Magnetism and the Chemical Bond. Interscience,1963.
[88]Xueyan Song, George Daniels, D Matt Feldmann, Alex Gurevich, David Larbalestier. Electromagnetic, atomic structure and chemistry changes induced by Ca-doping of low-angle YBa2Cu3O7-x grain boundaries. Nature Materials.2005,4: 470.
[89]G. Bottger, H. Schwer, E. Kaldis, K. Bente. Ca doping of YBa2Cu3O7-s single crystals:structural aspects. Physica C.1997,275:198.
[90]P. David. D. H. Norton, B. C. Lowndes, J. D. Sales, B. C. Budai, H. R. Chakoumakos. Superconductivity and hole doping in Pr0.5Ca0.5Ba2Cu3O7-x thin films. Phys. Rev. Lett..1991,66:1537.
[91]H. Schwer, E. Kaldis, J. Karpinski, C. Rossel. The Effect of Ca Doping on the Structures of YBa2Cu4O8 and Y2Ba4Cu7O14+x Single Crystals. Journal of Solid State Chemistry.1994,111(1):96.
[92]X. S. Wu, S. S. Jiang, J. Lin, J. S. Liu, W. M. Chen, X. Jin. Micro structural variations of YBa2Cu3Oy doped with Ca at high doping level. Physica C.1998,309(1-2):25.
[93]T. Miyatake, S. Gotoh, N. Koshizuka, S. Tanaka. Tc increased to 90 K in YBa2Cu4O8 by Ca doping. Nature.1989,341:41.
[94]G. Rajiv, V. P. S. Awana, H. K. Singh, et al. Effect of Ca doping for Y on structural/microstructural and superconducting properties of YBa2Cu3O7-δ Physica C.2005,419:101.
[95]K. Widder, D. Berner, J. Munzel, et al. Charge carrier diatribution in Y1-xCaxBa2Cu3Ox. Physica C.1996,267:254.
[96]Dong Han Ha, Sunye Byon, Yong Kim. Correction of impurity effects on the characterization of YBCO superconductor. Physica C.2000,333:72.
[97]A. Semwal, N. M. Stricklangd, A. Bubendorfer, et al. Doping dependence of the critical current and irreversibility field in Y1-xCaxBa2Cu3O7-y. Supercond. Sci. Technol..2004,17:S506.
[98]X. N. Ying, J. He, Y. N. Wang. A low temperature internal friction study of Y0.85Ca0.15Ba2Cu3O7-d with different oxygen content. Solid. State Communications. 2004,130:441.
[99]Shixun Cao, Lingwei Li, Fen Liu, et al. Structure and charge transfer correlated with oxygen content for a Y0.8Ca0.2Ba2Cu3Oy(y=6.84-6.32) system:a positron study. Supercond. Sci. Technol..2005,18:606.
[100]A. Tokiwa, Y. syono, M. Kikuchi, et al. Crystal structure and superconductivity controlled by cation substitution and oxygen annealing in Y1-xCaxBa2Cu3Oy and YBa2-xLaxCu3Oy. Japanese Journal of Applied Physics.1988,27(2):L1009.
[101]F. Delorme, C. Harnois, I. Monot-Laffez, S. Marinel. Ca doping of TSMTG-YBa2Cu3O7-x/Y2BaCuO5 composites. Physica C.2002,382:415.
[102]Rajiv Giri, V. P. S. Awana, H. K. Singh, R. S. Tiwari, O. N. Srivastava, Anurag Gupta, B. V. Kumaraswamy, H. Kishan. Effect of Ca doping for Y on structural/microstructural and superconducting properties of YBa2Cu3O7-x. Physica C.2005,419(3-4):101.
[103]R. D. Shannon. Revised effective ionic radii and systematic studies of interatomicdistances in halides and chalcogenides. Acta Crystallogr. A.1976,32: 751.
[104]戴道生,钱昆明.铁磁学(上).科学出版社,2000.
[105]E. Belorizky, M. A. Fremy, J. P. Gavigan, D. Givord, H. S. Li. Evidence in rare-earth (R)-transition metal (M) intermetallics for systematic dependence of R-M exchange interactions on the nature of the R atom. J. Appl. Phys.. 1987,61(8):3971.
[106]I. A. Campbell. Indirect exchange for rare earths in metals. J. Phys. F:Met. Phys.. 1972,2:L47.
[107]F. R.deboer, Z. G. Zhao, K. H. J. Buschow.4f-3d interaction and magnetic anisotropy in ThMn12-type rare-earth transition-metal compounds. Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials.1996,157-158:504.
[108]E. M. Engler, V. Y. Lee, A. I. Nazzal, R. Beyers, G. Lim, P. M. Grant, S. S. P. Parkin, M. L. Ramirez, J. E. Vazquez, R. J. Savoy. Superconductivity above liquid nitrogen temperature:preparation and properties of a family of perovskite-based superconductors. J. Am. Chem. Soc..1987,109(9):2848.
[109]T. Tamegai, A. Watanabe, I. Oguro, Y. Iye. Structures and Upper Critical Fields of High Tc Superconductors (RE)Ba2Cu3Ox. Jpn. J. Appl. Phys.1987,26:L1304.
[110]P. Karen, H. Fjellvag, O. Braaten, A. Kjekshus, H. Bratsberg. Lanthanide substitution in YBa2Cu3O9-x. Acta Chem. Scand.1990,44:994.
[111]K. N. Yang, Y. Dalichaouch, J. M. Ferreira, B. W. Lee, J. J. Neumeier, M. S. Torikachvili, H. Zhou, M. B. Maple. High temperature superconductivity in rare-earth (R)-barium copper oxides (RBa2)Cu3O9-s. Solid State Commun.1987, 63:515.
[112]J. M. Tarascon, W. R. Mckinnon, L. H. Greene, G. W. Hull, E. M. Vogel. Oxygen and rare-earth doping of the 90-K superconducting perovskite YBa2Cu3O7-x. Phys. Rev. B.1987,36:226.
[113]S. Tsurumi, M. Hikita, T. Iwata, K. Semba, S. Kurihara. High Tc Superconductivities of A2Ba4Cu6O14+y. Jpn. J. Appl. Phys.1987,26:L856.
[114]T. Tamegai, I. Oguro, K. Koga, A. Watanabe, Y. lye. High Tc superconductivity in (RE)Ba2Cu3Ox structure, transport and magnetism. Physica B.1987,148:453.
[115]R. Liang, Y. Inaguma, Y. Takagi, T. Nakamura. The Effect of Substitution of Lanthanum for Barium and Cerium for Yttrium on the Tc of Superconductivity Ba2YCu3O7. Jpn. J. Appl. Phys.1987,26:L1150.
[116]A. Ozturk, I. Duzgun, S. Celebi. The effect of partial Lu doping on magnetic behaviour of YBCO(123) superconductors. Journal of Alloys and Compounds. 2010,495(1):104.
[117]A. Oota, Y. Sasaki, M. Ohkubo,T. Hioki. Superconducting and Magnetic Properties of the High-Tc and High-Density Superconductor Y1-xLuxBa2Cu3O7-y. Jpn. J. Appl. Phys.1988,27:L1425.
[118]P. H. Hor, R. L. Meng, Y. Q. Wang, L. Gao, Z. J. Huang, J. Bechtold, K. Forster, C. W. Chu. Superconductivity above 90 K in the square-planar compound system ABa2Cu306+x with A=Y,La,Nd,Sm,Eu,Gd,Ho,Er and Lu. Phys. Rev. Lett.1987, 58:1891.
[119]M. Guillaume, P. AllensPach, W. Henggeler, J. Mesot, B. Roessli, U. Staub, P. Fischer, A. Furrer, V. Trounov. A systematic low-temperature neutron diffraction study of the RBa2Cu3Ox (R=ytttium and rare earths; x=6 and 7) compounds. J. Phys. Condens. Matter.1994,6:7963.
[120]I. D. Brown, D. Altermatt. Bond-valence parameters obtained from a systematic analysis of the Inorganic Crystal Structure Database. Acta Crystallogr. B.1985, 41:244.
[121]任清褒,谢潮涌,叶远平.钙钛矿型铁电体的宏观效应及其应用.丽水师范专科学校学报,2003,25(5)：36.
[122]I. D. Brown. The influence of internal strain on the charge distribution and superconducting transition temperature in Ba2YCu3Ox. J. Solid State Chem.1991, 90:155.
[123]J. M. S. Skakle. Crystal chemical substitutions and doping of YBa2Cu3Ox and related superconductors. Materials Science and Engineering.1998,R23:1.
[124]Toshiyuki USAGAWA, Hiromi UNOKI, Ichiro TERASAKI, Jianguo WEN, Naoki KOSHIZUKA, Youichi ENOMOTO. Strained YBa2Fe3O8-x Films Lattice-Matched to YBa2Cu3O7-x. Jpn. J. Appl. Phys.1999,38:L370.
[125]M. B. Maple, B. W. Lee. J. J. Neumeier, G. Nieva, L. M. Paulius, C. L. Seaman. Hybridization, hole localization and pair breaking in the high Tc superconducting system Y1-xPrxBa2Cu3O7-x. J. Alloys Comp..1992,181(1-2):135.
[126]J. J. Neumeier, T. Bjornholm, M. B. Maple, J. J. Rhyne, J. A. Gotaas. Neutron diffraction study of Pr valence and oxygen ordering in the Y1-xPrxBa2Cu3O7-d system. Physica C.1990,166:191.
[127]W-H.Li, et al.. Magnetic order of Pr in PrBa2Cu307. Phys. Rev. B.1989,40:5300.
[128]I. Felner, U. Yaron, I. Nowik, E. R. Bauminger, Y. Wolfus, E. R. Yacoby, G. Hilscher, N. Pillmayr. Magnetic order and superconductivity in Y1-xPrxBa2Cu3O7. Phys. Rev, B.1989,40:6739.
[129]G. Hilscher, E. Hollang-Moritz, T. Holubar, H. D. Jostarndt, V. Nekvasil, G. Schaudy, U. Walter, G. Fillion. Valence of praseodymium in PrxY1-xBa2Cu3O7-y: Inelastic-neutron-scattering, spectific-heat, and susceptibility study. Phys. Rev. B. 1994,49:535.
[130]G Xiao, M. Z. Cieplak, D. Musser, A. Gavrin, F. H. Streitz, C. L. Chien, J. J. Rhyne, J. A. Gotaas. Significance of plane versus chain sites in high-temperature oxide superconductors. Nature.1988,332:238.
[131]Peng Xiong, Gang Xiao, X. D. Wu. Hall angle in YBa2Cu3O7-x epitaxial films: Comparison between oxygen reduction and Pr doping. Phys. Rev. B.1993,47: 5516.
[132]S. Geremia, G. Nardin, R. Mosca, L. Randaccio, E. Zangrando. Synthesis and structure of 1,2,3-type ceramic oxides containing cobalt instead of copper. Solid State Commun.1989,72:333.
[133]O. Cohen, I. Felner, I. Nowik, U. Yaron, E. R. Bauminger. Mossbauer study of magnetic order in RBa2Fe308. Hyper. Int.1993,79(1-4):897.
[134]T. Yuen, M. Seyedahmadian, R. E. Salomon, G. H. Myer, G. Cao. Magnetic properties of a high Tc superconductivity related system Y1-xPrxBa2Fe3O8. J. Appl. Phys.1996,79:6001.
[135]T. C. Gibb, M. Matsuo. A study of the oxygen-deficient perovskite Ba1-xLaxFeO3-y by Mossbauer spectroscopy. J. Solid State Chem.1989,81:83.
[136]J. Li, X. Cai, T. M. Wang. Electronic structures of Fe in La1-xBaxFeO3-y (0≤x≤0.70). Appl. Phys. A.1992,55:158.
[137]D. X. Huang, Y. Yamada, I. Hirabayashi. Microstructural studies of YBCO films grown on MgO substrate with Y-Ba-Fe-O seeds by liquid phase epitaxy. Physica C. 2001,357-360:1034.
[138]Y. K. Atanassova, V. G. Hadjiev, P. Karen, A. Kjekshus. Raman scattering from YBa2Fe3O8+x. Phys. Rev. B.1994,50:586.
[139]Xin Yao, Jian Hu. Liquid phase epitaxy of REBa2Cu3O7-x single-crystalline thick films. Progress in Solid State Chemistry.2004,32(3-4):219.
[140]P. Karen, P. H. Andresen, A. Kjekshus. YBa2Fe3O8 and YCu(O)-BaCu(O)-YFe(O)-BaFe(O) phase diagram. Journal of Solid State Chemistry.1992,101(1):48.
[141]Y. Matsumoto, J. Hombo. Electrical conductivities of YBa2M3Oy (M:Fe, Co) system. Journal of Solid State Chemistry.1991,93(2):395.
[142]P. H. Andresen, H. Fjellvag, P. Karen, A. Kjekshus. Substitution for Copper in YBa2Cu3O9-x by 3d-and Pre-transition Metals. Acta Chem.Scand.1991,45:698.
[143]A. Carrington, A. P. Mackenzie, C. T. Lin, J. R. Cooper. Temperature dependence of the Hall angle in single-crystal YBa2(Cu1-xCox)3O7-x. Phys. Rev. Lett. 1992,69:2855.
[144]A. J. Jacobson, J. L. Hutchison. An investigation of the structure of 12HBaCoO2.6 by electron microscopy and powder neutron diffraction. J. Solid State Chem.1980, 35:334.
[145]I. D. Brown. Accumulated table of bond valence parameters.version.1999.
[146]J. Linden, P. Karen, A. Kjekshus, J. Miettinen, T. Pietari, M. Karppinen. Valence-state mixing and separation in SmBaFe2O5+w. Phys. Rev. B.1999,60: 15251.
[147]N. F. Mott, E. A. Davis. Electronic Processes in Non-Crystalline Materials. Clarendon Press, Oxford,1971.