反-β-法尼烯、假荆芥内酯和蜜露提取物的菜蚜控制作用研究
|
摘要
在中国,菜蚜对北方大白菜生产造成重大损失。单纯依赖杀虫剂会导致很多负面影响,如环境,天敌和食品安全等。巨大的环境和人类健康的代价,驱使科研工作者去寻找另外的防治菜蚜的有效策略和技术。生物防治的最大优点是不污染环境,是农药等非生物防治病虫害方法所不能比拟的。蚜虫自身分泌物能够对蚜虫及其天敌有作用,它专一性较强,生物活性突出,对非标靶生物安全,从而成为绿色植保的重要研究方向。蚜虫蜜露(Honeydew HON)成份和性外激素(Sex pheromone)成份假荆芥内酯(Z,E-Nepetalactone NEP)能够吸引多种蚜虫天敌。蚜虫报警外激素成分反-β-法尼烯(E-β-Farnesene EβF),能够干扰蚜虫对寄主的定位和取食,在实验室内能够对蚜虫天敌有很强的吸引作用。这些或许能为菜蚜的防治开辟新的途径。为了弄清EβF、蜜露和假荆芥内酯对蚜虫及其天敌的作用,本论文研究了HON和NEP对菜蚜及其天敌异色瓢虫,黑带食蚜蝇的嗅觉测定和风洞试验,并探明了EβF与低浓度的吡虫啉补充使用对菜蚜的防控作用,及EβF,HON和NEP对菜蚜天敌的作用效果。EβF与吡虫啉补充使用对菜蚜的防控作用实验分4个处理:(a)对照田;(b) EβF释放田块;(c)低浓度吡虫啉喷洒田;(d) EβF释放和低浓度吡虫啉喷洒田。距离EβF释放装置5m,10m,15m和20m的白菜上相关的蚜虫被调查。其他田间实验均设处理和对照两个实验小区,并调查黄盆内和5m之内白菜上昆虫种类和数量。
1.假荆芥内酯和蜜露提取物对蚜虫及其天敌的影响
在四臂嗅觉计中,除了100μg/ml,HON 4和10μg/ml NEP对蚜虫在嗅觉计臂中停留时间的影响有显著性差异(P < 0.05)外,其他的挥发物对蚜虫均没有显著性影响(P > 0.05)。10μg/ml的HON 1,1μg/ml的HON 2,10μg/ml的HON 4和1μg/ml的NEP对异色瓢虫的停留时间有显著性影响(P < 0.05)。风洞实验中异色瓢虫被1 mg剂量的NEP显著吸引,而对桃蚜和黑带食蚜蝇没有显著性影响。田间实验结果为:白菜上瓢虫数量顺序为HON 2 (10.7) > HON 1 (5.3) > CK (4.7)。白菜上僵蚜数量顺序为HON 1 (338) > HON 2 (236) > CK (53)。白菜上蚜虫的数量为HON 1 (4430) < HON 2 (5852) < CK (6688)。
2.反-β-法尼烯在田间对菜蚜种群数量的影响
2009年和2010年,5m距离内,(c)小区内白菜上有翅蚜和无翅蚜显著高于(d)小区内的白菜上蚜虫数量(P < 0.05)。2009年,(a)小区内白菜上的无翅蚜数量显著高于和(b)小区内无翅蚜数量(P < 0.05)。2年内4个处理和4个距离的交互作用对无翅蚜有显著的影响(P < 0.01)。EβF和低浓度吡虫啉喷洒的交互作用对无翅蚜在5m、10m和15m (P < 0.05)距离内有显著影响,2010年在5m和10m内对有翅蚜有显著影响(P < 0.05)。忌避率和EβF释放装置距离之间的关系符合Cubic模型,在没有使用杀虫剂的对照田中为:Y = 327.220 - 0.153x3 + 6.344x2 - 82.254x, F = 3.687, P = 0.062, R2 = 0.580;在低浓度吡虫啉使用田中为:Y = 304.640 - 0.195x3 + 6.866x2 - 74.766x, F = 13.149, P = 0.002, R2 = 0.831。
3.反-β-法尼烯在田间对天敌种群的影响
对照田块中白菜上的瓢虫数量显著低于EβF释放田块中的白菜上的数量(2009: F1,4 = 0.000, P < 0.05; 2010: F1,4 = 7.185, P < 0.05)。蚜茧蜂在对照田块中黄盆水中的数量显著低于EβF释放田块中黄盆里的数量(2009: F1,4 = 1.538, P < 0.05; 2010: F1,4 = 0.643, P < 0.05)。2年内白菜上的僵蚜量(P < 0.01)和小区内蜘蛛量(P < 0.05)有显著性差异,黄盆内瓢虫(P < 0.01)数量有显著差异。但是处理和2年之间的交互作用没有显著性差异。蚜虫在空白对照田中的数量显著高于EβF释放田块(2009: F1,4 = 1.454, P < 0.01; 2010: F1,4 = 0.491, P < 0.05)。
室内及田间试验结果表明,一定剂量的蚜虫蜜露提取物、假荆芥内酯和反-β-法尼烯,对菜蚜及其主要天敌的行为反应均具有显著影响;田间释放蚜虫分泌物对蚜虫的防控有一定的作用,尤其是在5m内,效果明显。但是单一的挥发物释放,并不能大幅度地降低蚜虫的种群数量,蚜虫分泌物与低浓度的化学农药补充使用,能够更有效地降低蚜虫种群数量,减少单纯依赖常规化学农药所带来的负面影响。
Aphids cause much damage to Chinese cabbage in north China. Over reliance on pesticides has negative effects, for example the environment, natural enemies and food safety. Large enviromental and human health costs that compel researchers to seek alternative management tactics and technology for aphids control. The biggest strength of biological control is no polluted to environment. This is incomparable to the other tactics for disease and pests control. Own secretions of aphids can do some effects to themselves and their natural enemies. The specificity and bioactivity of aphids own secretions are strong, and it is also safe to the no target creature. So it will be the very important direction of green pesticide. The component of aphid alarm pheromone, E-β-Farnesene (EβF); sex pheromone, Z,E-Nepetalactone (NEP) and Honeydew (HON) are very important secretions of aphids. EβF which interferes with aphid host locating and feeding, can strong attract natural enemies in laboratory. The component of aphid Honeydew and sex pheromone can also attract natural enemies. This maybe can provide theoretical basis for the cabbage aphids control. To understand the effects of EβF、HON and NEP to aphids and their natural enemies. This article tests the olfaction of aphids and natural enemies ladybeetles, Syrphidaes to the three molecules using olfactometer and wind tunnel in laboratory. And we also released in the fields to test the effects of the combination of E-β-Farnesene and low concentration imidacloprid, and the effects of E-β-Farnesene,Honeydew and Nepetalactone. The research of the combination of E-β-Farnesene and low concentration imidacloprid was established by four treatment field plots: (a) Control; (b) EβF released; (c) Low concentration imidacloprid sprayed (LCIS); (d) LCIS and EβF released. We selected 5 m, 10 m, 15 m and 20 m away from the releaser to investigate the related aphid data.
1. Effects of Z,E-Nepetalactone and Honeydew on aphids and natural enemies
In the olfactometer experiments, HON 4 (100μg/ml) and NEP (10μg/ml) can do significant influence to the duration time of aphids. HON 1 (10μg/ml), HON 2 (1μg/ml),HON 4 (10μg/ml)and NEP (1μg/ml) can do significant influence to the duration time of ladybeetles. In the wind tunnel, the Asian lady beetle Harmonia axyridis Pallas was significantly attracted by the NEP at a dose of 1 mg, the aphid Myzus persicae (Sulzer) and the hoverfly Episyrphus balteatus did not show any behavioural response to this volatile compound. The results in the fields is: the order of ladybeetles on the plants is Honeydew 2 (10.7) > Nepetalactone (9.7) > Honeydew 1 (5.3) > CK (4.7); mummified aphids: Nepetalactone (430) > Honeydew 1 (338) > Honeydew 2 (236) > CK (53); Cabbage aphids: Honeydew 1 (4430) < Honeydew 2 (5852) < Nepetalactone (6509) < CK (6688).
2. Effects of E-β-Farnesene on aphids in the field
The result showed that, at 5 m, alatae and apterae were significantly higher in plots (c) than (d) both in 2009 and 2010. There were significant differences for apterae between plots (a) and (b) in 2009 (P < 0.05). It was significantly different in the interactions of treatment and distance for apterae (P < 0.01) in the two years. There were significant differences in the interactions of EβF and LCIS for apterae at 5 m, 10 m, 15 m (P < 0.05) in 2009, 5 m (P < 0.05) in 2010; for alatae 5 m, 10 m (P < 0.05) in 2010. The relationships between deterrent rate (Y) and distance (x) from the releaser were simulated by the cubic models, in EβF without LCIS plots: Y = 327.220 - 0.153x3 + 6.344x2 - 82.254x, F = 3.687, P = 0.062, R2 = 0.580; In EβF with LCIS plots: Y = 304.640 - 0.195x3 + 6.866x2 - 74.766x, F = 13.149, P = 0.002, R2 = 0.831.
3. Effects of E-β-Farnesene on natural enemies in the field
Ladybeetles on Chinese cabbage leaves were significantly higher in EβF released plots than in control plots (2009: F1,4 = 0.000, P < 0.05; 2010: F1,4 = 7.185, P < 0.05). Aphidiidae were significantly higher in EβF released yellow traps than in control yellow traps (2009: F1,4 = 1.538, P < 0.05; 2010: F1,4 = 0.643, P < 0.05). There were significant differences in mummified aphids (P < 0.01) and spiders (P < 0.05) on cabbage plants, ladybeetles in traps (P < 0.01) between the two years. But no significant differences were detected in the interactions of different treatments and the two years for all natural enemies. Importantly, significantly low aphid densities were found in EβF released plots (2009: F1,4 = 1.454, P < 0.01; 2010: F1,4 = 0.491, P < 0.05).
The behavioral experiment of aphids and natural enemies in laboratory show that some doses of E-β-Farnesene、Z,E-Nepetalactone and Honeydew can do some effects on the behaviour of aphids and natural enemies. The field experiments show that secretions of aphids can do some effects on aphid control, especially in 5m. But using secretions of aphids solely, the effects is very little. Some secretions together with low concentration insecticide is a good solution, it can reduce the aphid population effectively, and also can reduce the negative influence by chemical pesticide.
1.假荆芥内酯和蜜露提取物对蚜虫及其天敌的影响
在四臂嗅觉计中,除了100μg/ml,HON 4和10μg/ml NEP对蚜虫在嗅觉计臂中停留时间的影响有显著性差异(P < 0.05)外,其他的挥发物对蚜虫均没有显著性影响(P > 0.05)。10μg/ml的HON 1,1μg/ml的HON 2,10μg/ml的HON 4和1μg/ml的NEP对异色瓢虫的停留时间有显著性影响(P < 0.05)。风洞实验中异色瓢虫被1 mg剂量的NEP显著吸引,而对桃蚜和黑带食蚜蝇没有显著性影响。田间实验结果为:白菜上瓢虫数量顺序为HON 2 (10.7) > HON 1 (5.3) > CK (4.7)。白菜上僵蚜数量顺序为HON 1 (338) > HON 2 (236) > CK (53)。白菜上蚜虫的数量为HON 1 (4430) < HON 2 (5852) < CK (6688)。
2.反-β-法尼烯在田间对菜蚜种群数量的影响
2009年和2010年,5m距离内,(c)小区内白菜上有翅蚜和无翅蚜显著高于(d)小区内的白菜上蚜虫数量(P < 0.05)。2009年,(a)小区内白菜上的无翅蚜数量显著高于和(b)小区内无翅蚜数量(P < 0.05)。2年内4个处理和4个距离的交互作用对无翅蚜有显著的影响(P < 0.01)。EβF和低浓度吡虫啉喷洒的交互作用对无翅蚜在5m、10m和15m (P < 0.05)距离内有显著影响,2010年在5m和10m内对有翅蚜有显著影响(P < 0.05)。忌避率和EβF释放装置距离之间的关系符合Cubic模型,在没有使用杀虫剂的对照田中为:Y = 327.220 - 0.153x3 + 6.344x2 - 82.254x, F = 3.687, P = 0.062, R2 = 0.580;在低浓度吡虫啉使用田中为:Y = 304.640 - 0.195x3 + 6.866x2 - 74.766x, F = 13.149, P = 0.002, R2 = 0.831。
3.反-β-法尼烯在田间对天敌种群的影响
对照田块中白菜上的瓢虫数量显著低于EβF释放田块中的白菜上的数量(2009: F1,4 = 0.000, P < 0.05; 2010: F1,4 = 7.185, P < 0.05)。蚜茧蜂在对照田块中黄盆水中的数量显著低于EβF释放田块中黄盆里的数量(2009: F1,4 = 1.538, P < 0.05; 2010: F1,4 = 0.643, P < 0.05)。2年内白菜上的僵蚜量(P < 0.01)和小区内蜘蛛量(P < 0.05)有显著性差异,黄盆内瓢虫(P < 0.01)数量有显著差异。但是处理和2年之间的交互作用没有显著性差异。蚜虫在空白对照田中的数量显著高于EβF释放田块(2009: F1,4 = 1.454, P < 0.01; 2010: F1,4 = 0.491, P < 0.05)。
室内及田间试验结果表明,一定剂量的蚜虫蜜露提取物、假荆芥内酯和反-β-法尼烯,对菜蚜及其主要天敌的行为反应均具有显著影响;田间释放蚜虫分泌物对蚜虫的防控有一定的作用,尤其是在5m内,效果明显。但是单一的挥发物释放,并不能大幅度地降低蚜虫的种群数量,蚜虫分泌物与低浓度的化学农药补充使用,能够更有效地降低蚜虫种群数量,减少单纯依赖常规化学农药所带来的负面影响。
Aphids cause much damage to Chinese cabbage in north China. Over reliance on pesticides has negative effects, for example the environment, natural enemies and food safety. Large enviromental and human health costs that compel researchers to seek alternative management tactics and technology for aphids control. The biggest strength of biological control is no polluted to environment. This is incomparable to the other tactics for disease and pests control. Own secretions of aphids can do some effects to themselves and their natural enemies. The specificity and bioactivity of aphids own secretions are strong, and it is also safe to the no target creature. So it will be the very important direction of green pesticide. The component of aphid alarm pheromone, E-β-Farnesene (EβF); sex pheromone, Z,E-Nepetalactone (NEP) and Honeydew (HON) are very important secretions of aphids. EβF which interferes with aphid host locating and feeding, can strong attract natural enemies in laboratory. The component of aphid Honeydew and sex pheromone can also attract natural enemies. This maybe can provide theoretical basis for the cabbage aphids control. To understand the effects of EβF、HON and NEP to aphids and their natural enemies. This article tests the olfaction of aphids and natural enemies ladybeetles, Syrphidaes to the three molecules using olfactometer and wind tunnel in laboratory. And we also released in the fields to test the effects of the combination of E-β-Farnesene and low concentration imidacloprid, and the effects of E-β-Farnesene,Honeydew and Nepetalactone. The research of the combination of E-β-Farnesene and low concentration imidacloprid was established by four treatment field plots: (a) Control; (b) EβF released; (c) Low concentration imidacloprid sprayed (LCIS); (d) LCIS and EβF released. We selected 5 m, 10 m, 15 m and 20 m away from the releaser to investigate the related aphid data.
1. Effects of Z,E-Nepetalactone and Honeydew on aphids and natural enemies
In the olfactometer experiments, HON 4 (100μg/ml) and NEP (10μg/ml) can do significant influence to the duration time of aphids. HON 1 (10μg/ml), HON 2 (1μg/ml),HON 4 (10μg/ml)and NEP (1μg/ml) can do significant influence to the duration time of ladybeetles. In the wind tunnel, the Asian lady beetle Harmonia axyridis Pallas was significantly attracted by the NEP at a dose of 1 mg, the aphid Myzus persicae (Sulzer) and the hoverfly Episyrphus balteatus did not show any behavioural response to this volatile compound. The results in the fields is: the order of ladybeetles on the plants is Honeydew 2 (10.7) > Nepetalactone (9.7) > Honeydew 1 (5.3) > CK (4.7); mummified aphids: Nepetalactone (430) > Honeydew 1 (338) > Honeydew 2 (236) > CK (53); Cabbage aphids: Honeydew 1 (4430) < Honeydew 2 (5852) < Nepetalactone (6509) < CK (6688).
2. Effects of E-β-Farnesene on aphids in the field
The result showed that, at 5 m, alatae and apterae were significantly higher in plots (c) than (d) both in 2009 and 2010. There were significant differences for apterae between plots (a) and (b) in 2009 (P < 0.05). It was significantly different in the interactions of treatment and distance for apterae (P < 0.01) in the two years. There were significant differences in the interactions of EβF and LCIS for apterae at 5 m, 10 m, 15 m (P < 0.05) in 2009, 5 m (P < 0.05) in 2010; for alatae 5 m, 10 m (P < 0.05) in 2010. The relationships between deterrent rate (Y) and distance (x) from the releaser were simulated by the cubic models, in EβF without LCIS plots: Y = 327.220 - 0.153x3 + 6.344x2 - 82.254x, F = 3.687, P = 0.062, R2 = 0.580; In EβF with LCIS plots: Y = 304.640 - 0.195x3 + 6.866x2 - 74.766x, F = 13.149, P = 0.002, R2 = 0.831.
3. Effects of E-β-Farnesene on natural enemies in the field
Ladybeetles on Chinese cabbage leaves were significantly higher in EβF released plots than in control plots (2009: F1,4 = 0.000, P < 0.05; 2010: F1,4 = 7.185, P < 0.05). Aphidiidae were significantly higher in EβF released yellow traps than in control yellow traps (2009: F1,4 = 1.538, P < 0.05; 2010: F1,4 = 0.643, P < 0.05). There were significant differences in mummified aphids (P < 0.01) and spiders (P < 0.05) on cabbage plants, ladybeetles in traps (P < 0.01) between the two years. But no significant differences were detected in the interactions of different treatments and the two years for all natural enemies. Importantly, significantly low aphid densities were found in EβF released plots (2009: F1,4 = 1.454, P < 0.01; 2010: F1,4 = 0.491, P < 0.05).
The behavioral experiment of aphids and natural enemies in laboratory show that some doses of E-β-Farnesene、Z,E-Nepetalactone and Honeydew can do some effects on the behaviour of aphids and natural enemies. The field experiments show that secretions of aphids can do some effects on aphid control, especially in 5m. But using secretions of aphids solely, the effects is very little. Some secretions together with low concentration insecticide is a good solution, it can reduce the aphid population effectively, and also can reduce the negative influence by chemical pesticide.
引文
董文霞,张峰,阚炜,张钟宁.蚜虫雄蚜与雌性母对性信息素及植物挥发物的田间反应,生态学报,2009,29(1): 0178-0184
郭贵明,苏芝业,杨伦伦,张股斌,李青森.麦长管蚜蜜露分泌量与小麦品种的关系研究初报,山西大学学报(自然科学版),1993,16(2):228-231
韩宝瑜.茶树-茶蚜-捕食、寄生性天敌间定位、取食的物理、化学通讯机制.博士学位论文,中国农业科学院研究生院、茶叶研究所,1999
韩宝瑜,陈宗懋.七星瓢虫和异色瓢虫四变种成虫对茶蚜蜜露的搜索行为和蜜露的组分分析.生态学报,2000:20(3): 495-461
李淑梅.人工饲养中华草蛉防治棉田害虫的操作技术.农业与技术,2000,20(2): 14-15
刘勇,陈巨莲,王洪刚.几种天敌对麦蚜蜜露的行为反应.应用与环境生物学报,2003,9(2):171-174
刘元宝.山东省几类主要出口蔬菜病虫害发生消长规律和综合防治技术研究.硕士论文,山东农业大学、植保学院,2009
楼程富,张有做.桑树转基因植株的叶片蛋白质含量分析.蚕桑通报,2003,34(1): 14-15
陆宴辉,史晓利,仲崇翔,王红,陈建,余月书,杨益众.蜜露对天敌昆虫生长繁殖及搜寻行为的影响.昆虫知识,2005,42 (4): 379-385
路虹,宫亚军,王军.蚜虫报警信息素对桃蚜产生有翅蚜的影响.北京农业科学,1994,12 (5): 1-4
马庆虎,卢思慧.转基因植物与农业育种.植物杂志,1996(1): 17-18
孟玲,李保平.棉苗缺素对棉蚜生长发育和排蜜的影响.西北农业学报,1998,7(4): 24-27
孟玲,刘芳政,于江南.棉蚜的排蜜规律及蜜露中氨基酸成分的研究.八一农学院学报,1991,14(3): 37-41
孟玲,王文全.微量元素硼锌对棉蚜生长发育和排蜜的影响.棉花学报,1996,8(4): 208-210
孟宪佐.我国昆虫信息素研究与应用的进展.昆虫知识,2000,37(2): 75~84
祁金山.菱斑巧瓢虫生物学特性及人工饲养.昆虫知识,1994,31(5): 286-287
武予清,郭予元,曾庆龄.转Bt基因棉单宁及总酚含量的初步测定.河南农业大学学报,2000,34(2): 134-136
杨洪,熊继文,张帆.异色瓢虫人工饲料研究进展.山地农业生物学报, 2003,22(2):169-172
杨益众,陆宴辉,薛文杰,余月书,李晓慧,王峰,杨海燕,刘洋.转基因棉花中糖类
和游离氨基酸含量的变化对棉蚜泌蜜量及蜜露主要成分的影响,昆虫学报,2005,48(4): 491-497
尹淑艳,孙绪艮.化学信息素在植物-植食性昆虫(螨类)-天敌相互关系中的作用.山东农业大学学报(自然科学版),2000,31(4): 441~445
张国洲.生物农药研究进展.湖北农学院学报,2002,22(5): 472-475
张克斌,董家伦,翟延路.以14C标记棉花研究棉蚜取食、排泄、吸收与棉花品种抗蚜性关系.原子能农业应用,1985,3(53): 37-40
张克斌,刘惠霞,王玲莉.棉蚜蜜露研究初报.西北农学院学报,1982,2(1): 49-59
张庆贺.影响蛾类性信息素释放及接收的生态因子.生物防治通报,1993,9(2):80-86
张随榜,张兴.生物农药的研究与应用.西北农业学报,2003,12(2): 75-79
张兴,马志卿,李广泽.生物农药评述.西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版) ,2002,30(2): 142-148
张永军,郭予元,吴孔明,王武刚.转Bt基因棉花主要抗虫黄酮类化合物时空动态的HPLC分析.应用生态学报,2003,14(2):246-248
张钟宪.环境与绿色化学.北京:清华大学出版社,2005
Acar, E. B., Medina, J. C., Lee, M. L., Booth, G. M. Olfactory behavior of convergent lady beetles (Coleoptera : Coccinellidae) to alarm pheromone of green peach aphid (Hemiptera : Aphididae). Canadian Entomologist. 2001, 133, 389-397.
Agelopoulos, N. G., Hooper, A. M., Maniar, S. P., Pickett, J. A., Wadhams, L. J. A novel approach for isolation of volatile chemicals released by individual leaves of a plant in situ. Journal of Chemical Ecology. 1999, 25, 1411-1425.
Almohamad, R., Verheggen, F. J., Francis, F., Haubruge, E. Predatory hoverflies select their oviposition site according to aphid host plant and aphid species. Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata, 2007, 125, 13-21.
Auclair J. L. Aphid feeding and nutrition. Annual Review of Entomology, 1963, 8: 439-490. Beale, M. H., Birkett, M. A., Bruce, T. J. A., Chamberlain, K., Field, L. M., Huttly, A. K., Martin, J. L., Parker, R., Phillips, A. L., Pickett, J. A., Prosser, I. M., Shewry, P. R., Smart,L. E., Wadhams, L. J., Woodcock, C. M., Zhang, Y. H. Aphid alarm pheromone produced by transgenic plants affects aphid and parasitoid behavior. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. USA 2006, 103, 10509-10513.
Blackman R. Aphids. London and Aylesbury: Ginn and Company Limited. 1974. Blande, J. D., Pickett, J. A., Poppy, G. M. A comparison of semiochemically mediated interactions involving specialist and generalist Brassica-feeding aphids and the braconid parasitoid Diaeretiella rapae. Journal of Chemical Ecology, 2007, 33, 767-779.
Boo, K. S., Chung, I. B., Han, K. S., Pickett, J. A., Wadhams, L. J. Response of the lacewing Chrysopa cognata to pheromones of its aphid prey. Journal of Chemical Ecology. 1998, 24, 631-643.
Braendle, C., Weisser, W. W. Variation in escape behavior of red and green clones of the pea aphid. Journal of Insect Behavior. 2001, 14, 497-509.
Bruce, T. J. A., Birkett, M. A., Blande, J., Hooper, A. M., Martin, J. L., Khambay, B., Prosser, I., Smart, L. E., Wadhams, L. J. Response of economically important aphids to components of Hemizygia petiolata essential oil. Pest Management Science, 2005, 61, 1115-1121.
Budenberg W. J. Honeydew as a contact kairomone for aphid parasitoids. Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata. 1990, 55(2): 139~148
Budenberg W. J., Powell W. The role of honeydew as an ovipositional stimulant for two species of syrphids . Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata. 1992, 64: 57- 61.
Campbell C. A. M., Dawson G. W., Griffiths D. C. Sex attractant pheromone of damson-hop aphid Phorodon humuli(Homoptera: Aphididae). Journal of Chemical Ecology. 1990, 12: 3455-3465.
Ca?amás, T. P., Vi?as, I., Torres, R., Usall, J., Solsona, C., Teixidó, N. Field applications of improved formulations of Candida sake CPA-1 for control of Botrytis cinerea in grapes. Biological Control. 2011, 56, 150-158.
Dahl M. L. On an alarm substance in aphids. Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift. 1971, 18: 121-127.
Dawson, G. W., Griffiths, D. C., Merritt, L. A., Mudd, A., Pickett, J. A., Wadhams, L. J., Woodcock, C. M. Aphid semiochemicals-a review, and recent advances on thesex-pheromone. Journal of Chemical Ecology. 1990, 16, 3019-3030.
Dawson, G. W., Griffiths, D. C., Pickett, J. A., Wadhams, L. J., Woodcock, C. M. Plant-derived synergists of alarm pheromone from turnip aphid, lipaphis (hyadaphis) erysimi (homoptera, aphididae). Journal of Chemical Ecology. 1987, 13, 1663-1671.
Domier L. L., Latorre I. J., Steinlage T. A. Variability and transmission by Aphis glycines of North American and Asian Soy-bean mosaic virus isolates. Archives of Virology. 2003, 148: 1925-1941.
Du, Y., Poppy, G. M., Powell, W., Pickett, J. A., Wadhams, L. J., Woodcock, C. M. Identification of semiochemicals released during aphid feeding that attract parasitoid Aphidius ervi. Journal of Chemical Ecology. 1998, 24, 1355-1368.
Duan, J. J., Bauer, L. S., Ulyshen, M. D., Gould, J. R., Van Driesche, R. Development of methods for the field evaluation of Oobius agrili (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) in North America, a newly introduced egg parasitoid of the emerald ash borer (Coleoptera: Buprestidae). Biological Control. 2011, 56, 170-174.
Dulaurent, A. M., Rossi, J. P., Deborde, C., Moing, A., Menassieu, P., and Jactel, H. Honeydew feeding increased the longevity of two egg parasitoids of the pine processionary moth. Journal of Applied Entomology. 2011,135(3): 84-94.
Emden H. F., Hagen K. S. Olfactory Reactions of the Green Lacewing, Chrysopa carnea, to Tryptophan and Certain Breakdown Products. Environmental Entomology. 1976, 5: 469-473.
Foster, S. P., Denholm, I., Devonshire, A. L. The ups and downs of insecticide resistance in peach-potato aphids (Myzus persicae) in the UK. Crop Protetion. 2000, 19, 873-879.
Francis F., Gerkens P. Proteomics in Myzus persicae: Effect of aphid host plant switch. Insect Biochemistry and Molecular Biology. 2006, 36(3): 219-227.
Francis, F., Lognay, G., Haubruge, E. Olfactory responses to aphid and host plant volatile releases: (E)-beta-farnesene an effective kairomone for the predator Adalia bipunctata. Journal of Chemical Ecology. 2004, 30, 741-755.
Francis, F., Vandermoten, S., Verheggen, F., Lognay, G., Haubruge, E. Is the (E)-beta-farnesene only volatile terpenoid in aphids? J. Appl. Ent. 2005, 129, 6-11.
Gabry B. J., Gadomski H. J., Klukowski Z. Sex pheromone of cabbage aphid Brevicorynebrassicae: Identification and field trapping of male aphids and parasitoids. Journal of Chemical Ecology. 1997. 23: 1881-1890.
Geng W. J., Xiangyu J. G., Li X. Z. Male peach aphid attraction in the field by sex pheromones. Entomologia Sinica, 1997, 4: 364-368.
Gibson, R. W., Pickett, J. A. Wild potato repels aphids by release of aphid alarm pheromone. Nature. 1983, 302, 608-609.
Glinwood R. T., Du Y., Powell W. Responses to aphid sex pheromones by the pea aphid parasitoids Aphidius ervi and Aphidius eadyi. Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata. 1999, 92: 227-232.
Glinwood R. T., Powell W., Tripathi C. P. M. Increased parasitization of aphids on trap plants alongside vials releasing synthetic aphid sex pheromone and effective range of the pheromone. Biocontrol Science and Technology. 1998.8: 607-614.
Griffiths, D. C., Pickett, J. A. A potential application of aphid alarm pheromones. Pest Management Science. 1980, 27, 199-201.
Guerrieri E., Poppy G. M., Powell W. Induction and systemic release ofherbivore-induced plant volatiles mediating in-flight orientation of Aphidius ervi. Journal of Chemical Ecology. 1999, 25: 1247-1261.
Gut, J., Vanoosten, A. M. Functional-significance of the alarm pheromone composition in various morphs of the green peach aphid, Myzus persicae. Pest Management Science. 1985, 37, 199-204.
Hagvar E. B., Hofsvang T. Effect of honeydew and hosts on plant colonization by the aphid parasitoid Ephedrus cerasicola. Entomophaga, 1989,34(4): 495~501.
Hagvar E. B., Hofsvang T. Redia. Aphid parasitoids (Hymenoptera: Aphidiidae): biology, host selection and use in biological control. Appendix, 1991, 74(3): 259-264.
Han B. Y., Chen Z. M. Searching behaviour of Coccinella septempunctata and four varieties of Leis axyridis adults on tea aphid honeydew and analysis of honeydew component. Acta Ecologica Sinica. 2000, 20 (3) : 495-501.
Han B. Y., Chen Z. M. Selectivity of Aphidius sp. to vari ous odour s ources. Journal of Tea Science. 1999, 19 (1): 29-34.
Hardie J., Hick A. J., Holler C. The responses of Praon spp. parasitoids to aphid sexpheromone components in the field. Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata. 1994, 71: 95-99.
Hardie J., Storer J. R., Cook F. J. Sex pheromone and visual trap interactions in mate location strategies and aggregation by host-alternating aphids in the field. Physiological Entomology, 1996, 21: 97-106.
Hatano, E., Kunert, G., Bartram, S., Boland, W., Gershenzon, J., Weisser, W. W. Do aphid colonies amplify their emission of alarm pheromone? Journal of Chemical Ecology. 2008, 34, 1149-1152.
Hatano, E., Kunert, G., Michaud, J. P., Weisser, W. W. Chemical cues mediating aphid location by natural enemies. European Journal of Entomology. 2008, 105, 797-806.
Herrbach, E. Alarm pheromones and allelochemics as a means of aphid control. European Journal of Plant Pathology. 1992, 98, 63-71.
Heuskin, S., Godin, B., Leroy, P., Capella, Q., Wathelet, J. P., Verheggen, F., Haubruge, E., Lognay, G. Fast gas chromatography characterisation of Purified semiochemicals from essential oils of Matricaria chamomilla L. (Asteraceae) and Nepeta Cataria L. (Lamiaceae). Journal of Chromatography A. 2009, 1216, 2768-2775.
Hou, M. L., Lu, W., Wen, J. H. Trap catches and control efficiency of Bemisia tabaci (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae) adults in greenhouse by yellow sticky traps. Scientia Agricultura Sinica. 2006, 39, 1934-1939.
Jonsson, M., Lindkvist, A., Anderson, P. Behavioural responses in three ichneumonid pollen beetle parasitoids to volatiles emitted from different phenological stages of oilseed rape. Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata. 2005, 115, 363-369.
Kennedy J. S., Booth C. O., Kershaw W. J. S. Host finding by aphids in the field Ⅰ.Gynoparae of Myzus persicae (Sulzer). Annals of Applied Biology. 1959, 47: 410-423.
Kielty, J. P., AllenWilliams, L. J., Underwood, N., Eastwood, E. A., Behavioral responses of three species of ground beetle (Coleoptera: Carabidae) to olfactory cues associated with prey and habitat. Journal of Insect Behavior. 1996, 9, 237-250.
Koczor, S., Szentkirályi, F., Birkett, M. A., Pickett, J. A., Voigt, E., and Tóth, M. Attraction of Chrysoperla carnea complex and Chrysopa spp. lacewings (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) toaphid sex pheromone components and a synthetic blend of floral compounds in Hungary. Pest Management Science.2010, 66(12): 74-79.
Kunert, G., Otto, S., Rose, U. S. R., Gershenzon, J., Weisser, W. W., Alarm pheromone mediates production of winged dispersal morphs in aphids. Ecology Letters. 2005, 8, 596-603.
Leroy, P., Wathelet, B., Sabri, A., Francis, F., Verheggen, F., Capella, Q., Thonart, P., and Haubruge, E. Aphid-host plant interactions: does aphid honeydew exactly reflect the host plant amino acid composition? Arthropod-Plant Interactions. 2011, 1-7.
Lilley R., Hardie J. Cerealaphid responses to sex pheromones and host-plantodours in the laboratory. Physiological Entomology. 1996, 21: 304-308.
Lilley R., Hardie J., Wadhams L. J. Field manipulation of Praon populations using semiochemicals. Norwegian Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 16 (supp.l ): 1994, 221-226.
Losey, J. E., Denno, R. F. Interspecific variation in the escape responses of aphids: effect on risk of predation from foliar-foraging and ground-foraging predators. Oecologia, 1998, 115, 245-252.
Lsel P. M., Lindemann M., Scherkenbeck J. Effect of primary-host kairomones on the attractiveness of the hop-aphid sex pheromone to Phorodon humulimales and gynoparae. Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata. 1996, 80: 79-82.
M. G. V. Wickremasinghe and H. F. van Emden. Reactions of adult female parasitoids, particularly Aphidius rhopalosiphi, to volatile chemical cues from the host plants of their aphid prey. Physiological Entomology. 17 (1992), pp. 297-304.
Makkouk, K. M., Kumari, S. G. Reduction of incidence of three persistently transmitted aphid-borne viruses affecting legume crops by seed-treatment with the insecticide imidacloprid (Gaucho?). Crop Protection. 2001, 20, 433-437.
Martinez, J.-J., Cohen, M., and Mgocheki, N. The response of an aphid tending ant to artificial extra-floral nectaries on different host plants. Arthropod-Plant Interactions, 2011,1-8.
Mc Ewen P. K., Clow S., Jervis M. A., Kidd N. A. C. Alteration in searching behaviour of adult female green lacewings Chrysoperla carnea ( Neur.: Chrysopidae ) followingcontact with honeydew of the black scale Saissetia oleae ( Hom.: Coccidae ) and solutions containing acidhydrolysed L-tryptophan. Entomophaga. 1993, 38(3): 347-354.
Micha, S. G., Wyss, U. Aphid alarm pheromone (E)-[beta]-farnesene: a host finding kairomone for the aphid primary parasitoid Aphidius uzbekistanicus (Hymenoptera: Aphidiinae). Chemoecology . 1996, 7, 132-139.
Mohammad, R., Hamid, S., An, A., Norbert, D. K., Patrick, V. D. Effects of planting date and seedling age on agro-morphological characteristics, essential oil content and composition of German chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla L.) grown in Belgium. Industrial Crops and Products. 2010, 31, 145-152.
Muller, F. P. Differential alarm pheromone responses between strains of the aphid Acyrthosiphon pisum. Pest Management Science. 1983, 34, 347-348.
Müller, M. and Buchbauer, G. Essential oil components as pheromones. A review. Flavour and Fragrance Journal. 2011, 86-92.
Nakumuta, K., Aphid alarm pheromone component, (E)-beta-farnesene, and local search by a predatory lady beetle, Coccinella septempunctata bruckii Mulsant (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae). Applied Entomology and Zoology. 1991, 26, 1-7.
Nault L. R., Montgomery M. E. Aphid Pheromones. In: Harris KF and Maramorosch Keds. Aphids as virus vectors. New York: Academic Press. 1977. 527-545.
Nishino, C., Bowers, W. S., Montgomery, M. E., Nault, L. R., Nielson, M. W. Alarm pheromone of spotted alfalfa aphid, Therioaphis maculata buckton (Homoptera: Aphididae). Journal of Chemical Ecology. 1977, 3, 349-357.
Park K. C., Elias D., Donato B. Electroantennogram and behavioural responses ofdifferent forms of the bird cherry-oataphid,Rhopalosiphum padi, to sex pheromone and a plant volatile. Journal of Insect Physiology, 2000, 46: 597-604.
Phelan, P. L., Miller, J. R. Post-landing behavior of alate Myzus persicae as altered by (E)-beta-farnesene and three carboxylic acids. Pest Management Science. 1982, 32, 46-53.
Pickett J. A., Wadhams L. J., Woodcock C. M. Attempts to control aphid pests by integrated use of semiochemicals. Proceedings 1994 Brighton Crop Protection Conference-Pests and Diseases. Thornton Heath: BCPC Publications. 1994. 1239-1246.
Pickett J. A., Wadhams L. J., Woodcock C. M. The chemical ecology of aphids. Annual Review of Entomology. 1992, 37: 67-90.
Pickett, J. A., Griffiths, D. C. Composition of aphid alarm pheromones. Journal of Chemical Ecology. 1980, 6, 349-360.
Powell W. and Zhang Z. L. The reactions of two cereal aphid parasitoids, Aphidius uzbeckistanicus and A. ervito host aphids and their food plants. Physiological Entomology. 1983,8:439-443.
Powell W., Pennacchio F., Poppy G. M. Strategies involved in the location of hosts by the parasitoid Aphidius ervi Haliday (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Aphidiinae). Biological Control, 1998, 11: 104-11.
Powell, W., Pennacchio, F., Poppy, G. M., Tremblay, E. Strategies involved in the location of hosts by the parasitoid Aphidius ervi Haliday (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Aphidiinae). Biological Control, 1998, 11, 104-112.
Powellet, Hardie J., Hick A. J. Responses of the parasitoid Praon volucre (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) to aphid sex pheromone lures in cereal fields in autumn: Implications for parasitoid manipulation. European Journal of Entomology. 1993.90: 435-438.
Read D. P., Feeny P. P. and Root R. B. Habitat selection by the aphid parasite Diaeretiella rapae (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) and hyperparasite Charips brassicae (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae). Canadian Entomologist. 1970,102: 1567-1578
Reed H. C., Tan S. H., Haapanen K. Olfactory responses of the parasitoid Diaeretiella rapae (Hymenoptera: Aphidiidae) to odor of plants, aphids, and plant-aphid complexes. Journal of Chemical Ecology. 1995,21: 407-418.
Rodriguez, L. C., Niemeyer, H. M. Integrated pest management, semiochemicals and microbial pest-control agents in Latin American agriculture. Crop Protection, 2005, 24, 615-623.
Romeis J., Babendreier D., Wackers F. L. Consumption of snowdrop lectin (Galanthus nivalis agglutinin) causes direct effects on adult parasitic wasps. Oecologia, 2003, 134(4): 528-536.
Romeis, J., Shanower, T. G., Zebitz, C. P. W. Response of Trichogramma egg parasitoids to colored sticky traps. Biocontrol. 1998, 43, 17-27.
R?se, U. R., Tumlinson, J. Volatiles released from cotton plants in response to Helicoverpa zea feeding damage on cotton flower buds. Planta,2004, 218, 824–832.
Schuster D. J. and Starks K. J. Response of Lysiphlebus testaceipes in an olfactometer to a host and a non-host insect and to plants. Environmental Entomology. 1974,3: 1034-1035.
Schwartzberg, E. G., Kunert, G., Roese, U. S. R., Gershenzon, J., Weisser, W. W. Alarm pheromone emission by pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum, clones under predation by lacewing larvae. Pest Management Science. 2008, 128, 403-409.
Seagraves, M. P. Lady beetle oviposition behavior in response to the trophic environment. Biological Control. 2009, 51, 313-322.
Stowe M. K., Turlings T. C. J., Loughrin J. H. The chemistry of eavesdropping, alarm, and deceit. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA, 1995. 92: 23-28.
Su, J. W., Zhu, S. R., Zhang, Z. N., Ge, F. Effect of synthetic aphid alarm pheromone (E)-beta-farnesene on development and reproduction of Aphis gossypii (Homoptera : Aphididae). Journal of Economic Entomology. 2006, 99, 1636-1640.
Summers, C. G., Newton, A. S., Mitchell, J. P., Stapleton, J. J. Population dynamics of arthropods associated with early-season tomato plants as influenced by soil surface microenvironment. Crop Protection. 2010, 29, 249-254.
Sun, Y. C., Su, J. W., Ge, F. Elevated CO2 reduces the response of Sitobion avenae (Homoptera: Aphididae) to alarm pheromone. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment. 2010, 135, 140-147.
Thomas, M. L. Detection of female mating status using chemical signals and cues. Biological Reviews. 2011, 86(1): 1-13.
Turlings, T. C. J., Bernasconi, M., Bertossa, R., Bigler, F., Caloz, G., Dorn, S. The induction of volatile emissions in maize by three herbivore species with different feeding habits: possible consequences for their natural enemies. Biological Control, 1998, 11, 122-129.
Verheggen, F. J., Arnaud, L., Bartram, S., Gohy, M., Haubruge, E. Aphid and plant volatiles induce oviposition in an aphidophagous hoverfly. Journal of Chemical Ecology. 2008a, 34, 301-307.
Verheggen, F. J., Capella, Q., Schwartzberg, E. G., Voigt, D., Haubruge, E. Tomato-aphid-hoverfly: a tritrophic interaction incompatible for pest management.Arthropod-Plant Interact. 2009, 3, 141-149.
Verheggen, F. J., Fagel, Q., Heuskin, S., Lognay, G., Francis, F., Haubruge, E. Electrophysiological and behavioral responses of the multicolored asian lady beetle, Harmonia axyridis pallas, to sesquiterpene semiochemicals. Journal of Chemical Ecology. 2007, 33, 2148-2155.
Verheggen, F. J., Haubruge, E., Moraes, C. M. D., Mescher, M. C. Social environment influences aphid production of alarm pheromone. Behavioral Ecology. 2009, 20, 283-288.
Verheggen, F. J., Mescher, M. C., Haubruge, E., De Moraes, C. M., Schwartzberg, E. G., Emission of alarm pheromone in aphids: A non-contagious phenomenon. Journal of Chemical Ecology. 2008b, 34, 1146-1148.
Vet, L. E. M., Lenteren, J. C. V., Heymans, M., Meelis, E. An airflow olfactometer for measuring olfactory responses of hymenopterous parasitoids and other small insects. Physiological Entomology. 1983.8: 97-106.
Vinson, S. B. Host Selection by Insect Parasitoids. Annual Review of Entomology. 1976, 21, 109-133.
W?ckers, F. L. The effect of food deprivation on the innate visual and olfactory preferences in the parasitoid Cotesia rubecula. Journal of Insect Physiology. 1994, 40, 641-649.
Wickremasinghe M. G. V. and Van Emden H. F. Reactions of adult female parasitoids, particularly Aphidius rhopalosiphi, to volatile cues from the host plants of their aphid prey. Physiological Entomology. 1992, 17: 297-304.
Xiangyu, J. G., Zhang, F., Fang, Y. L., Kan, W., Zhang, G. X., Zhang, Z. N. Behavioural response of aphids to the alarm pheromone component (E)-beta-farnesene in the field. Physiological Entomology. 2002, 27, 307-311.
Yang, S., Xu, R., Yang, S. Y., Kuang, R. P. Olfactory responses of Aphidius gifuensis to odors of host plants and aphid-plant complexes. Insect Science. 2009, 16, 503-510.
Zhang G. X., Zhong T. S. Economic insect fauna in China Homoptera aphids. Beijing: Science Press. 1983(1). 18-21.
Zhu, J. W., Cosse, A. A., Obrycki, J. J., Boo, K. S., Baker, T. C. Olfactory reactions of the twelve-spotted lady beetle, Coleomegilla maculata and the green lacewing, Chrysoperla carnea to semiochemicals released from their prey and host plant: Electroantennogram and behavioral responses. Journal of Chemical Ecology. 1999, 25, 1163-1177.
郭贵明,苏芝业,杨伦伦,张股斌,李青森.麦长管蚜蜜露分泌量与小麦品种的关系研究初报,山西大学学报(自然科学版),1993,16(2):228-231
韩宝瑜.茶树-茶蚜-捕食、寄生性天敌间定位、取食的物理、化学通讯机制.博士学位论文,中国农业科学院研究生院、茶叶研究所,1999
韩宝瑜,陈宗懋.七星瓢虫和异色瓢虫四变种成虫对茶蚜蜜露的搜索行为和蜜露的组分分析.生态学报,2000:20(3): 495-461
李淑梅.人工饲养中华草蛉防治棉田害虫的操作技术.农业与技术,2000,20(2): 14-15
刘勇,陈巨莲,王洪刚.几种天敌对麦蚜蜜露的行为反应.应用与环境生物学报,2003,9(2):171-174
刘元宝.山东省几类主要出口蔬菜病虫害发生消长规律和综合防治技术研究.硕士论文,山东农业大学、植保学院,2009
楼程富,张有做.桑树转基因植株的叶片蛋白质含量分析.蚕桑通报,2003,34(1): 14-15
陆宴辉,史晓利,仲崇翔,王红,陈建,余月书,杨益众.蜜露对天敌昆虫生长繁殖及搜寻行为的影响.昆虫知识,2005,42 (4): 379-385
路虹,宫亚军,王军.蚜虫报警信息素对桃蚜产生有翅蚜的影响.北京农业科学,1994,12 (5): 1-4
马庆虎,卢思慧.转基因植物与农业育种.植物杂志,1996(1): 17-18
孟玲,李保平.棉苗缺素对棉蚜生长发育和排蜜的影响.西北农业学报,1998,7(4): 24-27
孟玲,刘芳政,于江南.棉蚜的排蜜规律及蜜露中氨基酸成分的研究.八一农学院学报,1991,14(3): 37-41
孟玲,王文全.微量元素硼锌对棉蚜生长发育和排蜜的影响.棉花学报,1996,8(4): 208-210
孟宪佐.我国昆虫信息素研究与应用的进展.昆虫知识,2000,37(2): 75~84
祁金山.菱斑巧瓢虫生物学特性及人工饲养.昆虫知识,1994,31(5): 286-287
武予清,郭予元,曾庆龄.转Bt基因棉单宁及总酚含量的初步测定.河南农业大学学报,2000,34(2): 134-136
杨洪,熊继文,张帆.异色瓢虫人工饲料研究进展.山地农业生物学报, 2003,22(2):169-172
杨益众,陆宴辉,薛文杰,余月书,李晓慧,王峰,杨海燕,刘洋.转基因棉花中糖类
和游离氨基酸含量的变化对棉蚜泌蜜量及蜜露主要成分的影响,昆虫学报,2005,48(4): 491-497
尹淑艳,孙绪艮.化学信息素在植物-植食性昆虫(螨类)-天敌相互关系中的作用.山东农业大学学报(自然科学版),2000,31(4): 441~445
张国洲.生物农药研究进展.湖北农学院学报,2002,22(5): 472-475
张克斌,董家伦,翟延路.以14C标记棉花研究棉蚜取食、排泄、吸收与棉花品种抗蚜性关系.原子能农业应用,1985,3(53): 37-40
张克斌,刘惠霞,王玲莉.棉蚜蜜露研究初报.西北农学院学报,1982,2(1): 49-59
张庆贺.影响蛾类性信息素释放及接收的生态因子.生物防治通报,1993,9(2):80-86
张随榜,张兴.生物农药的研究与应用.西北农业学报,2003,12(2): 75-79
张兴,马志卿,李广泽.生物农药评述.西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版) ,2002,30(2): 142-148
张永军,郭予元,吴孔明,王武刚.转Bt基因棉花主要抗虫黄酮类化合物时空动态的HPLC分析.应用生态学报,2003,14(2):246-248
张钟宪.环境与绿色化学.北京:清华大学出版社,2005
Acar, E. B., Medina, J. C., Lee, M. L., Booth, G. M. Olfactory behavior of convergent lady beetles (Coleoptera : Coccinellidae) to alarm pheromone of green peach aphid (Hemiptera : Aphididae). Canadian Entomologist. 2001, 133, 389-397.
Agelopoulos, N. G., Hooper, A. M., Maniar, S. P., Pickett, J. A., Wadhams, L. J. A novel approach for isolation of volatile chemicals released by individual leaves of a plant in situ. Journal of Chemical Ecology. 1999, 25, 1411-1425.
Almohamad, R., Verheggen, F. J., Francis, F., Haubruge, E. Predatory hoverflies select their oviposition site according to aphid host plant and aphid species. Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata, 2007, 125, 13-21.
Auclair J. L. Aphid feeding and nutrition. Annual Review of Entomology, 1963, 8: 439-490. Beale, M. H., Birkett, M. A., Bruce, T. J. A., Chamberlain, K., Field, L. M., Huttly, A. K., Martin, J. L., Parker, R., Phillips, A. L., Pickett, J. A., Prosser, I. M., Shewry, P. R., Smart,L. E., Wadhams, L. J., Woodcock, C. M., Zhang, Y. H. Aphid alarm pheromone produced by transgenic plants affects aphid and parasitoid behavior. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. USA 2006, 103, 10509-10513.
Blackman R. Aphids. London and Aylesbury: Ginn and Company Limited. 1974. Blande, J. D., Pickett, J. A., Poppy, G. M. A comparison of semiochemically mediated interactions involving specialist and generalist Brassica-feeding aphids and the braconid parasitoid Diaeretiella rapae. Journal of Chemical Ecology, 2007, 33, 767-779.
Boo, K. S., Chung, I. B., Han, K. S., Pickett, J. A., Wadhams, L. J. Response of the lacewing Chrysopa cognata to pheromones of its aphid prey. Journal of Chemical Ecology. 1998, 24, 631-643.
Braendle, C., Weisser, W. W. Variation in escape behavior of red and green clones of the pea aphid. Journal of Insect Behavior. 2001, 14, 497-509.
Bruce, T. J. A., Birkett, M. A., Blande, J., Hooper, A. M., Martin, J. L., Khambay, B., Prosser, I., Smart, L. E., Wadhams, L. J. Response of economically important aphids to components of Hemizygia petiolata essential oil. Pest Management Science, 2005, 61, 1115-1121.
Budenberg W. J. Honeydew as a contact kairomone for aphid parasitoids. Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata. 1990, 55(2): 139~148
Budenberg W. J., Powell W. The role of honeydew as an ovipositional stimulant for two species of syrphids . Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata. 1992, 64: 57- 61.
Campbell C. A. M., Dawson G. W., Griffiths D. C. Sex attractant pheromone of damson-hop aphid Phorodon humuli(Homoptera: Aphididae). Journal of Chemical Ecology. 1990, 12: 3455-3465.
Ca?amás, T. P., Vi?as, I., Torres, R., Usall, J., Solsona, C., Teixidó, N. Field applications of improved formulations of Candida sake CPA-1 for control of Botrytis cinerea in grapes. Biological Control. 2011, 56, 150-158.
Dahl M. L. On an alarm substance in aphids. Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift. 1971, 18: 121-127.
Dawson, G. W., Griffiths, D. C., Merritt, L. A., Mudd, A., Pickett, J. A., Wadhams, L. J., Woodcock, C. M. Aphid semiochemicals-a review, and recent advances on thesex-pheromone. Journal of Chemical Ecology. 1990, 16, 3019-3030.
Dawson, G. W., Griffiths, D. C., Pickett, J. A., Wadhams, L. J., Woodcock, C. M. Plant-derived synergists of alarm pheromone from turnip aphid, lipaphis (hyadaphis) erysimi (homoptera, aphididae). Journal of Chemical Ecology. 1987, 13, 1663-1671.
Domier L. L., Latorre I. J., Steinlage T. A. Variability and transmission by Aphis glycines of North American and Asian Soy-bean mosaic virus isolates. Archives of Virology. 2003, 148: 1925-1941.
Du, Y., Poppy, G. M., Powell, W., Pickett, J. A., Wadhams, L. J., Woodcock, C. M. Identification of semiochemicals released during aphid feeding that attract parasitoid Aphidius ervi. Journal of Chemical Ecology. 1998, 24, 1355-1368.
Duan, J. J., Bauer, L. S., Ulyshen, M. D., Gould, J. R., Van Driesche, R. Development of methods for the field evaluation of Oobius agrili (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) in North America, a newly introduced egg parasitoid of the emerald ash borer (Coleoptera: Buprestidae). Biological Control. 2011, 56, 170-174.
Dulaurent, A. M., Rossi, J. P., Deborde, C., Moing, A., Menassieu, P., and Jactel, H. Honeydew feeding increased the longevity of two egg parasitoids of the pine processionary moth. Journal of Applied Entomology. 2011,135(3): 84-94.
Emden H. F., Hagen K. S. Olfactory Reactions of the Green Lacewing, Chrysopa carnea, to Tryptophan and Certain Breakdown Products. Environmental Entomology. 1976, 5: 469-473.
Foster, S. P., Denholm, I., Devonshire, A. L. The ups and downs of insecticide resistance in peach-potato aphids (Myzus persicae) in the UK. Crop Protetion. 2000, 19, 873-879.
Francis F., Gerkens P. Proteomics in Myzus persicae: Effect of aphid host plant switch. Insect Biochemistry and Molecular Biology. 2006, 36(3): 219-227.
Francis, F., Lognay, G., Haubruge, E. Olfactory responses to aphid and host plant volatile releases: (E)-beta-farnesene an effective kairomone for the predator Adalia bipunctata. Journal of Chemical Ecology. 2004, 30, 741-755.
Francis, F., Vandermoten, S., Verheggen, F., Lognay, G., Haubruge, E. Is the (E)-beta-farnesene only volatile terpenoid in aphids? J. Appl. Ent. 2005, 129, 6-11.
Gabry B. J., Gadomski H. J., Klukowski Z. Sex pheromone of cabbage aphid Brevicorynebrassicae: Identification and field trapping of male aphids and parasitoids. Journal of Chemical Ecology. 1997. 23: 1881-1890.
Geng W. J., Xiangyu J. G., Li X. Z. Male peach aphid attraction in the field by sex pheromones. Entomologia Sinica, 1997, 4: 364-368.
Gibson, R. W., Pickett, J. A. Wild potato repels aphids by release of aphid alarm pheromone. Nature. 1983, 302, 608-609.
Glinwood R. T., Du Y., Powell W. Responses to aphid sex pheromones by the pea aphid parasitoids Aphidius ervi and Aphidius eadyi. Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata. 1999, 92: 227-232.
Glinwood R. T., Powell W., Tripathi C. P. M. Increased parasitization of aphids on trap plants alongside vials releasing synthetic aphid sex pheromone and effective range of the pheromone. Biocontrol Science and Technology. 1998.8: 607-614.
Griffiths, D. C., Pickett, J. A. A potential application of aphid alarm pheromones. Pest Management Science. 1980, 27, 199-201.
Guerrieri E., Poppy G. M., Powell W. Induction and systemic release ofherbivore-induced plant volatiles mediating in-flight orientation of Aphidius ervi. Journal of Chemical Ecology. 1999, 25: 1247-1261.
Gut, J., Vanoosten, A. M. Functional-significance of the alarm pheromone composition in various morphs of the green peach aphid, Myzus persicae. Pest Management Science. 1985, 37, 199-204.
Hagvar E. B., Hofsvang T. Effect of honeydew and hosts on plant colonization by the aphid parasitoid Ephedrus cerasicola. Entomophaga, 1989,34(4): 495~501.
Hagvar E. B., Hofsvang T. Redia. Aphid parasitoids (Hymenoptera: Aphidiidae): biology, host selection and use in biological control. Appendix, 1991, 74(3): 259-264.
Han B. Y., Chen Z. M. Searching behaviour of Coccinella septempunctata and four varieties of Leis axyridis adults on tea aphid honeydew and analysis of honeydew component. Acta Ecologica Sinica. 2000, 20 (3) : 495-501.
Han B. Y., Chen Z. M. Selectivity of Aphidius sp. to vari ous odour s ources. Journal of Tea Science. 1999, 19 (1): 29-34.
Hardie J., Hick A. J., Holler C. The responses of Praon spp. parasitoids to aphid sexpheromone components in the field. Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata. 1994, 71: 95-99.
Hardie J., Storer J. R., Cook F. J. Sex pheromone and visual trap interactions in mate location strategies and aggregation by host-alternating aphids in the field. Physiological Entomology, 1996, 21: 97-106.
Hatano, E., Kunert, G., Bartram, S., Boland, W., Gershenzon, J., Weisser, W. W. Do aphid colonies amplify their emission of alarm pheromone? Journal of Chemical Ecology. 2008, 34, 1149-1152.
Hatano, E., Kunert, G., Michaud, J. P., Weisser, W. W. Chemical cues mediating aphid location by natural enemies. European Journal of Entomology. 2008, 105, 797-806.
Herrbach, E. Alarm pheromones and allelochemics as a means of aphid control. European Journal of Plant Pathology. 1992, 98, 63-71.
Heuskin, S., Godin, B., Leroy, P., Capella, Q., Wathelet, J. P., Verheggen, F., Haubruge, E., Lognay, G. Fast gas chromatography characterisation of Purified semiochemicals from essential oils of Matricaria chamomilla L. (Asteraceae) and Nepeta Cataria L. (Lamiaceae). Journal of Chromatography A. 2009, 1216, 2768-2775.
Hou, M. L., Lu, W., Wen, J. H. Trap catches and control efficiency of Bemisia tabaci (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae) adults in greenhouse by yellow sticky traps. Scientia Agricultura Sinica. 2006, 39, 1934-1939.
Jonsson, M., Lindkvist, A., Anderson, P. Behavioural responses in three ichneumonid pollen beetle parasitoids to volatiles emitted from different phenological stages of oilseed rape. Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata. 2005, 115, 363-369.
Kennedy J. S., Booth C. O., Kershaw W. J. S. Host finding by aphids in the field Ⅰ.Gynoparae of Myzus persicae (Sulzer). Annals of Applied Biology. 1959, 47: 410-423.
Kielty, J. P., AllenWilliams, L. J., Underwood, N., Eastwood, E. A., Behavioral responses of three species of ground beetle (Coleoptera: Carabidae) to olfactory cues associated with prey and habitat. Journal of Insect Behavior. 1996, 9, 237-250.
Koczor, S., Szentkirályi, F., Birkett, M. A., Pickett, J. A., Voigt, E., and Tóth, M. Attraction of Chrysoperla carnea complex and Chrysopa spp. lacewings (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) toaphid sex pheromone components and a synthetic blend of floral compounds in Hungary. Pest Management Science.2010, 66(12): 74-79.
Kunert, G., Otto, S., Rose, U. S. R., Gershenzon, J., Weisser, W. W., Alarm pheromone mediates production of winged dispersal morphs in aphids. Ecology Letters. 2005, 8, 596-603.
Leroy, P., Wathelet, B., Sabri, A., Francis, F., Verheggen, F., Capella, Q., Thonart, P., and Haubruge, E. Aphid-host plant interactions: does aphid honeydew exactly reflect the host plant amino acid composition? Arthropod-Plant Interactions. 2011, 1-7.
Lilley R., Hardie J. Cerealaphid responses to sex pheromones and host-plantodours in the laboratory. Physiological Entomology. 1996, 21: 304-308.
Lilley R., Hardie J., Wadhams L. J. Field manipulation of Praon populations using semiochemicals. Norwegian Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 16 (supp.l ): 1994, 221-226.
Losey, J. E., Denno, R. F. Interspecific variation in the escape responses of aphids: effect on risk of predation from foliar-foraging and ground-foraging predators. Oecologia, 1998, 115, 245-252.
Lsel P. M., Lindemann M., Scherkenbeck J. Effect of primary-host kairomones on the attractiveness of the hop-aphid sex pheromone to Phorodon humulimales and gynoparae. Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata. 1996, 80: 79-82.
M. G. V. Wickremasinghe and H. F. van Emden. Reactions of adult female parasitoids, particularly Aphidius rhopalosiphi, to volatile chemical cues from the host plants of their aphid prey. Physiological Entomology. 17 (1992), pp. 297-304.
Makkouk, K. M., Kumari, S. G. Reduction of incidence of three persistently transmitted aphid-borne viruses affecting legume crops by seed-treatment with the insecticide imidacloprid (Gaucho?). Crop Protection. 2001, 20, 433-437.
Martinez, J.-J., Cohen, M., and Mgocheki, N. The response of an aphid tending ant to artificial extra-floral nectaries on different host plants. Arthropod-Plant Interactions, 2011,1-8.
Mc Ewen P. K., Clow S., Jervis M. A., Kidd N. A. C. Alteration in searching behaviour of adult female green lacewings Chrysoperla carnea ( Neur.: Chrysopidae ) followingcontact with honeydew of the black scale Saissetia oleae ( Hom.: Coccidae ) and solutions containing acidhydrolysed L-tryptophan. Entomophaga. 1993, 38(3): 347-354.
Micha, S. G., Wyss, U. Aphid alarm pheromone (E)-[beta]-farnesene: a host finding kairomone for the aphid primary parasitoid Aphidius uzbekistanicus (Hymenoptera: Aphidiinae). Chemoecology . 1996, 7, 132-139.
Mohammad, R., Hamid, S., An, A., Norbert, D. K., Patrick, V. D. Effects of planting date and seedling age on agro-morphological characteristics, essential oil content and composition of German chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla L.) grown in Belgium. Industrial Crops and Products. 2010, 31, 145-152.
Muller, F. P. Differential alarm pheromone responses between strains of the aphid Acyrthosiphon pisum. Pest Management Science. 1983, 34, 347-348.
Müller, M. and Buchbauer, G. Essential oil components as pheromones. A review. Flavour and Fragrance Journal. 2011, 86-92.
Nakumuta, K., Aphid alarm pheromone component, (E)-beta-farnesene, and local search by a predatory lady beetle, Coccinella septempunctata bruckii Mulsant (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae). Applied Entomology and Zoology. 1991, 26, 1-7.
Nault L. R., Montgomery M. E. Aphid Pheromones. In: Harris KF and Maramorosch Keds. Aphids as virus vectors. New York: Academic Press. 1977. 527-545.
Nishino, C., Bowers, W. S., Montgomery, M. E., Nault, L. R., Nielson, M. W. Alarm pheromone of spotted alfalfa aphid, Therioaphis maculata buckton (Homoptera: Aphididae). Journal of Chemical Ecology. 1977, 3, 349-357.
Park K. C., Elias D., Donato B. Electroantennogram and behavioural responses ofdifferent forms of the bird cherry-oataphid,Rhopalosiphum padi, to sex pheromone and a plant volatile. Journal of Insect Physiology, 2000, 46: 597-604.
Phelan, P. L., Miller, J. R. Post-landing behavior of alate Myzus persicae as altered by (E)-beta-farnesene and three carboxylic acids. Pest Management Science. 1982, 32, 46-53.
Pickett J. A., Wadhams L. J., Woodcock C. M. Attempts to control aphid pests by integrated use of semiochemicals. Proceedings 1994 Brighton Crop Protection Conference-Pests and Diseases. Thornton Heath: BCPC Publications. 1994. 1239-1246.
Pickett J. A., Wadhams L. J., Woodcock C. M. The chemical ecology of aphids. Annual Review of Entomology. 1992, 37: 67-90.
Pickett, J. A., Griffiths, D. C. Composition of aphid alarm pheromones. Journal of Chemical Ecology. 1980, 6, 349-360.
Powell W. and Zhang Z. L. The reactions of two cereal aphid parasitoids, Aphidius uzbeckistanicus and A. ervito host aphids and their food plants. Physiological Entomology. 1983,8:439-443.
Powell W., Pennacchio F., Poppy G. M. Strategies involved in the location of hosts by the parasitoid Aphidius ervi Haliday (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Aphidiinae). Biological Control, 1998, 11: 104-11.
Powell, W., Pennacchio, F., Poppy, G. M., Tremblay, E. Strategies involved in the location of hosts by the parasitoid Aphidius ervi Haliday (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Aphidiinae). Biological Control, 1998, 11, 104-112.
Powellet, Hardie J., Hick A. J. Responses of the parasitoid Praon volucre (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) to aphid sex pheromone lures in cereal fields in autumn: Implications for parasitoid manipulation. European Journal of Entomology. 1993.90: 435-438.
Read D. P., Feeny P. P. and Root R. B. Habitat selection by the aphid parasite Diaeretiella rapae (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) and hyperparasite Charips brassicae (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae). Canadian Entomologist. 1970,102: 1567-1578
Reed H. C., Tan S. H., Haapanen K. Olfactory responses of the parasitoid Diaeretiella rapae (Hymenoptera: Aphidiidae) to odor of plants, aphids, and plant-aphid complexes. Journal of Chemical Ecology. 1995,21: 407-418.
Rodriguez, L. C., Niemeyer, H. M. Integrated pest management, semiochemicals and microbial pest-control agents in Latin American agriculture. Crop Protection, 2005, 24, 615-623.
Romeis J., Babendreier D., Wackers F. L. Consumption of snowdrop lectin (Galanthus nivalis agglutinin) causes direct effects on adult parasitic wasps. Oecologia, 2003, 134(4): 528-536.
Romeis, J., Shanower, T. G., Zebitz, C. P. W. Response of Trichogramma egg parasitoids to colored sticky traps. Biocontrol. 1998, 43, 17-27.
R?se, U. R., Tumlinson, J. Volatiles released from cotton plants in response to Helicoverpa zea feeding damage on cotton flower buds. Planta,2004, 218, 824–832.
Schuster D. J. and Starks K. J. Response of Lysiphlebus testaceipes in an olfactometer to a host and a non-host insect and to plants. Environmental Entomology. 1974,3: 1034-1035.
Schwartzberg, E. G., Kunert, G., Roese, U. S. R., Gershenzon, J., Weisser, W. W. Alarm pheromone emission by pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum, clones under predation by lacewing larvae. Pest Management Science. 2008, 128, 403-409.
Seagraves, M. P. Lady beetle oviposition behavior in response to the trophic environment. Biological Control. 2009, 51, 313-322.
Stowe M. K., Turlings T. C. J., Loughrin J. H. The chemistry of eavesdropping, alarm, and deceit. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA, 1995. 92: 23-28.
Su, J. W., Zhu, S. R., Zhang, Z. N., Ge, F. Effect of synthetic aphid alarm pheromone (E)-beta-farnesene on development and reproduction of Aphis gossypii (Homoptera : Aphididae). Journal of Economic Entomology. 2006, 99, 1636-1640.
Summers, C. G., Newton, A. S., Mitchell, J. P., Stapleton, J. J. Population dynamics of arthropods associated with early-season tomato plants as influenced by soil surface microenvironment. Crop Protection. 2010, 29, 249-254.
Sun, Y. C., Su, J. W., Ge, F. Elevated CO2 reduces the response of Sitobion avenae (Homoptera: Aphididae) to alarm pheromone. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment. 2010, 135, 140-147.
Thomas, M. L. Detection of female mating status using chemical signals and cues. Biological Reviews. 2011, 86(1): 1-13.
Turlings, T. C. J., Bernasconi, M., Bertossa, R., Bigler, F., Caloz, G., Dorn, S. The induction of volatile emissions in maize by three herbivore species with different feeding habits: possible consequences for their natural enemies. Biological Control, 1998, 11, 122-129.
Verheggen, F. J., Arnaud, L., Bartram, S., Gohy, M., Haubruge, E. Aphid and plant volatiles induce oviposition in an aphidophagous hoverfly. Journal of Chemical Ecology. 2008a, 34, 301-307.
Verheggen, F. J., Capella, Q., Schwartzberg, E. G., Voigt, D., Haubruge, E. Tomato-aphid-hoverfly: a tritrophic interaction incompatible for pest management.Arthropod-Plant Interact. 2009, 3, 141-149.
Verheggen, F. J., Fagel, Q., Heuskin, S., Lognay, G., Francis, F., Haubruge, E. Electrophysiological and behavioral responses of the multicolored asian lady beetle, Harmonia axyridis pallas, to sesquiterpene semiochemicals. Journal of Chemical Ecology. 2007, 33, 2148-2155.
Verheggen, F. J., Haubruge, E., Moraes, C. M. D., Mescher, M. C. Social environment influences aphid production of alarm pheromone. Behavioral Ecology. 2009, 20, 283-288.
Verheggen, F. J., Mescher, M. C., Haubruge, E., De Moraes, C. M., Schwartzberg, E. G., Emission of alarm pheromone in aphids: A non-contagious phenomenon. Journal of Chemical Ecology. 2008b, 34, 1146-1148.
Vet, L. E. M., Lenteren, J. C. V., Heymans, M., Meelis, E. An airflow olfactometer for measuring olfactory responses of hymenopterous parasitoids and other small insects. Physiological Entomology. 1983.8: 97-106.
Vinson, S. B. Host Selection by Insect Parasitoids. Annual Review of Entomology. 1976, 21, 109-133.
W?ckers, F. L. The effect of food deprivation on the innate visual and olfactory preferences in the parasitoid Cotesia rubecula. Journal of Insect Physiology. 1994, 40, 641-649.
Wickremasinghe M. G. V. and Van Emden H. F. Reactions of adult female parasitoids, particularly Aphidius rhopalosiphi, to volatile cues from the host plants of their aphid prey. Physiological Entomology. 1992, 17: 297-304.
Xiangyu, J. G., Zhang, F., Fang, Y. L., Kan, W., Zhang, G. X., Zhang, Z. N. Behavioural response of aphids to the alarm pheromone component (E)-beta-farnesene in the field. Physiological Entomology. 2002, 27, 307-311.
Yang, S., Xu, R., Yang, S. Y., Kuang, R. P. Olfactory responses of Aphidius gifuensis to odors of host plants and aphid-plant complexes. Insect Science. 2009, 16, 503-510.
Zhang G. X., Zhong T. S. Economic insect fauna in China Homoptera aphids. Beijing: Science Press. 1983(1). 18-21.
Zhu, J. W., Cosse, A. A., Obrycki, J. J., Boo, K. S., Baker, T. C. Olfactory reactions of the twelve-spotted lady beetle, Coleomegilla maculata and the green lacewing, Chrysoperla carnea to semiochemicals released from their prey and host plant: Electroantennogram and behavioral responses. Journal of Chemical Ecology. 1999, 25, 1163-1177.