微波热解废电路板成分分析与表征
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摘要
随着科技的进步,电子产品的数量急剧增加而且使用周期越来越短,当今社会正面临着前所未有的电子废弃物浪潮。日益严格的法律法规对电子废弃物的处理与回收提出了更高的要求,同时人们日益增长的环境保护意识也推动了电子废弃物的回收处理工作的开展。印刷电路板作为电子产品的重要部件,废弃的数量十分庞大。由于废弃印刷电路板具有的资源性及危害性,对它的合理处置及回收越来越引起世界各国研究者的广泛重视。
本文首先概述了目前国际上用于处理废弃印刷线路板的主要技术方法,对不同处理方法的优势及存在的问题进行分析与评价。在对废弃印刷线路板的结构和组成特性深入分析的基础上,结合微波热解技术在固体废弃物处理过程中所具有的优势,提出采用微波热解法进行废弃印刷线路板处理与资源化回收的研究思路。
其次本文从定性和定量的角度确定了废弃印刷线路板上主要成分的物理化学特征;同时,采用现代分析科学的研究方法对印刷线路板样品微波热解产物的组成、分布、分子结构以及理化等性质进行了深入剖析,对不同产物的资源化利用途径进行了探讨。
采用微波热解技术处理印刷电路板,对其中的有机物质和金属元素的存留和散失进行了分析研究。结果表明,液体和气体的产率随着微波功率的加大而上升,在792W的条件下电路板质量散失约40%。有机成分热解后苯环、-OH将全部流失,氨基物、亚砜和溴代烯类存于固相当中,液相成分主要为芳香族化合物,于传统热解相比没有发现C=O类化合物的存在；金属成分当中Cu将全部残留在固相当中,Sn、Pb、Co散失较为严重,Sn、Pb的散失量约在75%左右,Co的散失量约为50%。
最后,对全文的研究内容和结论进行总结,探讨了废弃印刷线路板处理研究的发展方向,明确下一步工作的主要研究内容。
With the accelerating of technological development, the electronics are rapidly increased. The World is facing a growing stream of electronics waste. Electronics scrap recycling has been reinforced by strict legislations and the increasing environmental awareness. Printed circuit board scrap(PCBs) is recognized as a typical kind of electronics waste, and their amount is very large. Treatment and recycling of this kind of wastes properly have been laid store by researchers all over the world.
At first, the existing and potential technologies used for the treatment and recycling of end-of-life PCBs have been identified and assessed in this thesis. Based on a precise analytical characterization of PCBs and considering the advantages of treatment of solid wastes by microwave pyrolysis, a microwave pyrolysis process for disposal and recycling of PCBs has been proposed.
Moreover, the physical-chemistry characteristics of the main compositions of PCBs have been determined qualitative and quantitative analysis in this thesis. At the same time, the information, such as composition, distribution, molecule structure and physical-chemistry properties of the microwave pyrolysis products of PCBs have been provided by modern analytical methods. Simultaneity, the routes of recycling of different pyrolysis products have been discussed.
A microwave pyrolysis for disposal of printed circuit board has been proposed, analysis metal element and organic compound remain and lose in PCB before and after microwave pyrolysis. The result indicate that the liquid and gas pyrolysis products are improve with the increasing of microwave power, in the condition of 792W, the PCB quality lose about 40%. After pyrolysis, hydroxyl and benzene lose from organic compound, ammonia group、sulfoxide and brominated alkene stay in solid, aromatic compound is main matter in liquid, comparing with general pyrolysis can't find carbonyl group. All copper remain in solid, a lot of stannum、plumbum and cobalt lose from PCB, moreover, stannum and plumbum lose about 75%, cobalt lose about 50%.
At last, general summary and conclusion of the thesis as well as further development direction about research of treatment of PCBs are present, and the context of on-going work is determined.
本文首先概述了目前国际上用于处理废弃印刷线路板的主要技术方法,对不同处理方法的优势及存在的问题进行分析与评价。在对废弃印刷线路板的结构和组成特性深入分析的基础上,结合微波热解技术在固体废弃物处理过程中所具有的优势,提出采用微波热解法进行废弃印刷线路板处理与资源化回收的研究思路。
其次本文从定性和定量的角度确定了废弃印刷线路板上主要成分的物理化学特征;同时,采用现代分析科学的研究方法对印刷线路板样品微波热解产物的组成、分布、分子结构以及理化等性质进行了深入剖析,对不同产物的资源化利用途径进行了探讨。
采用微波热解技术处理印刷电路板,对其中的有机物质和金属元素的存留和散失进行了分析研究。结果表明,液体和气体的产率随着微波功率的加大而上升,在792W的条件下电路板质量散失约40%。有机成分热解后苯环、-OH将全部流失,氨基物、亚砜和溴代烯类存于固相当中,液相成分主要为芳香族化合物,于传统热解相比没有发现C=O类化合物的存在；金属成分当中Cu将全部残留在固相当中,Sn、Pb、Co散失较为严重,Sn、Pb的散失量约在75%左右,Co的散失量约为50%。
最后,对全文的研究内容和结论进行总结,探讨了废弃印刷线路板处理研究的发展方向,明确下一步工作的主要研究内容。
With the accelerating of technological development, the electronics are rapidly increased. The World is facing a growing stream of electronics waste. Electronics scrap recycling has been reinforced by strict legislations and the increasing environmental awareness. Printed circuit board scrap(PCBs) is recognized as a typical kind of electronics waste, and their amount is very large. Treatment and recycling of this kind of wastes properly have been laid store by researchers all over the world.
At first, the existing and potential technologies used for the treatment and recycling of end-of-life PCBs have been identified and assessed in this thesis. Based on a precise analytical characterization of PCBs and considering the advantages of treatment of solid wastes by microwave pyrolysis, a microwave pyrolysis process for disposal and recycling of PCBs has been proposed.
Moreover, the physical-chemistry characteristics of the main compositions of PCBs have been determined qualitative and quantitative analysis in this thesis. At the same time, the information, such as composition, distribution, molecule structure and physical-chemistry properties of the microwave pyrolysis products of PCBs have been provided by modern analytical methods. Simultaneity, the routes of recycling of different pyrolysis products have been discussed.
A microwave pyrolysis for disposal of printed circuit board has been proposed, analysis metal element and organic compound remain and lose in PCB before and after microwave pyrolysis. The result indicate that the liquid and gas pyrolysis products are improve with the increasing of microwave power, in the condition of 792W, the PCB quality lose about 40%. After pyrolysis, hydroxyl and benzene lose from organic compound, ammonia group、sulfoxide and brominated alkene stay in solid, aromatic compound is main matter in liquid, comparing with general pyrolysis can't find carbonyl group. All copper remain in solid, a lot of stannum、plumbum and cobalt lose from PCB, moreover, stannum and plumbum lose about 75%, cobalt lose about 50%.
At last, general summary and conclusion of the thesis as well as further development direction about research of treatment of PCBs are present, and the context of on-going work is determined.
引文
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