Al-13Mg-xMn-yRE合金的制备与表征
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摘要
Al-Mg系合金密度低、耐腐蚀、具有良好的机械性能。本文在Л-27合金的基础上,添加稀土元素并且调整合金元素和过渡族元素,改进其组织和性能,开发一种性价比高、中强、耐腐蚀、具有一定阻尼性能的应用型铝合金。
通过光学显微镜,X射线衍射仪,扫描电镜、透射电镜和万能力学测试仪对合金的组织和力学性能进行了研究,得出含微量稀土元素(La、Ce、Y、Dy、Lamm和Ymm)的Al-Mg-Mn-RE系合金铸态组织主要有:α-Al、β(Al3Mg2)、Al6Mn和Al-RE相。β(Al3Mg2)相尺寸粗大,且在晶界上形成不连续的网状组织,而Mn和稀土元素一部分固溶在基体中,另一部分生成了块状的Al6Mn和点状的Al-RE相,零星的分布在晶间和晶内。
合金的力学性能随RE元素的种类不同而不同。研究表明,在室温下,Al-13Mg-0.8Mn-0.8Y合金的布氏硬度、最大压缩强度、压缩率分别为:138.22、533MPa、22.18%。原因是Y的加入引起凝固过程中溶质再分配造成固液界面前沿成分过冷度增大,使分枝加剧,从而细化枝晶组织。
实验表明,稀土Y的添加形成的Al-RE相阻碍合金的位错,提高了合金力学性能。压缩后断面形貌分析表明,断面上存有大量的解理面和撕裂棱,属于典型的脆性断裂。
Al-Mg alloys are widely used in industry because of their favorable properties such as low density, high corrosion resistance and excellent mechanical properties. On the base ofЛ-27 alloy, the transition elements and alloying elements were adjusted, and the RE elements were added to improve the microstructure and mechanical properties as well as dumping capacities. A new type of alloy was developed with high performance price ratio, medium strength and corrosion resistance.
The microstructure of the Al-13Mg-0.8Mn-RE(La、Ce、Y、Dy、Lamm and Ymm)alloys have been investigated by optical microscope, X-ray diffraction instrument, scanning electrical Microscope, transmission electron microscope. The mechanical properties of the alloys have been tested by the universal mechanical determination. It shows that the phase composition in the as- cast alloys are mainly consisted ofα-Al、β(Al3Mg2)、Al6Mn and Al-RE phases. Theβ(Al3Mg2)phases segregate around the boundary as discontinuous net eutectic structure. The size of phase is coarse. A part of Mn and RE elements solute in the matrix, Others are generated the massive Al6Mn and spotted Al-RE particles which are sporadic distributed in the boundary and inside of the grain.
The properties of the alloys are different with the adding of the various of RE elements. The results show that the Al-13Mg-0.8Mn-0.8Y alloy shown highest hardness, ultimate compressive strength and compressibility, and the values are 138 HB, 533 MPa and 22.2% respectively. Because of the presence of solute elements of Y which enhance the degree of super cooling in the diffusion layer ahead of the advancing solid/liquid interface, the microstructure of dendrite was refinement.
It is believe it is mainly due to the addition of the Y greatly refine the dendrite, which increases the obstacle to the dislocation sliding. Moreover, the high hardness of Al2Y phase distributed in the alloys can act as a dispersion strengthening phase in the matrix. The compressive fracture surface indicted that some cleavage planes and shrinkage cavities were observed. It was confirmed that the investigated alloys belong to typical brittle cracking mode.
通过光学显微镜,X射线衍射仪,扫描电镜、透射电镜和万能力学测试仪对合金的组织和力学性能进行了研究,得出含微量稀土元素(La、Ce、Y、Dy、Lamm和Ymm)的Al-Mg-Mn-RE系合金铸态组织主要有:α-Al、β(Al3Mg2)、Al6Mn和Al-RE相。β(Al3Mg2)相尺寸粗大,且在晶界上形成不连续的网状组织,而Mn和稀土元素一部分固溶在基体中,另一部分生成了块状的Al6Mn和点状的Al-RE相,零星的分布在晶间和晶内。
合金的力学性能随RE元素的种类不同而不同。研究表明,在室温下,Al-13Mg-0.8Mn-0.8Y合金的布氏硬度、最大压缩强度、压缩率分别为:138.22、533MPa、22.18%。原因是Y的加入引起凝固过程中溶质再分配造成固液界面前沿成分过冷度增大,使分枝加剧,从而细化枝晶组织。
实验表明,稀土Y的添加形成的Al-RE相阻碍合金的位错,提高了合金力学性能。压缩后断面形貌分析表明,断面上存有大量的解理面和撕裂棱,属于典型的脆性断裂。
Al-Mg alloys are widely used in industry because of their favorable properties such as low density, high corrosion resistance and excellent mechanical properties. On the base ofЛ-27 alloy, the transition elements and alloying elements were adjusted, and the RE elements were added to improve the microstructure and mechanical properties as well as dumping capacities. A new type of alloy was developed with high performance price ratio, medium strength and corrosion resistance.
The microstructure of the Al-13Mg-0.8Mn-RE(La、Ce、Y、Dy、Lamm and Ymm)alloys have been investigated by optical microscope, X-ray diffraction instrument, scanning electrical Microscope, transmission electron microscope. The mechanical properties of the alloys have been tested by the universal mechanical determination. It shows that the phase composition in the as- cast alloys are mainly consisted ofα-Al、β(Al3Mg2)、Al6Mn and Al-RE phases. Theβ(Al3Mg2)phases segregate around the boundary as discontinuous net eutectic structure. The size of phase is coarse. A part of Mn and RE elements solute in the matrix, Others are generated the massive Al6Mn and spotted Al-RE particles which are sporadic distributed in the boundary and inside of the grain.
The properties of the alloys are different with the adding of the various of RE elements. The results show that the Al-13Mg-0.8Mn-0.8Y alloy shown highest hardness, ultimate compressive strength and compressibility, and the values are 138 HB, 533 MPa and 22.2% respectively. Because of the presence of solute elements of Y which enhance the degree of super cooling in the diffusion layer ahead of the advancing solid/liquid interface, the microstructure of dendrite was refinement.
It is believe it is mainly due to the addition of the Y greatly refine the dendrite, which increases the obstacle to the dislocation sliding. Moreover, the high hardness of Al2Y phase distributed in the alloys can act as a dispersion strengthening phase in the matrix. The compressive fracture surface indicted that some cleavage planes and shrinkage cavities were observed. It was confirmed that the investigated alloys belong to typical brittle cracking mode.
引文
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2黄恢元,铸造手册(铸造非铁合金)北京:机械工业出版社出版,2002:137~143
3安继儒,中外常用金属材料手册陕西:陕西科学技术出版社,1998:230~510
4孙挺富,孙宇红,段战军等.喷射成型高镁铝合金的组织特征与其断裂行为.兵器材料科学与工程. 2006, 29(5):42~44
5张清来,宋孚群,贺继弘.高镁铝合金在喷射成型过程中的显微组织的变化.金属成型工艺. 2004, 22(2):36~37
6魏尊杰,王振玲,王宏伟等.高压凝固对Al-Mg合金枝晶形态的影响.特种铸造及有色金属. 2006, 26(11):685~687
7蒲强亨,王悦娥.高镁铝合金性能改善.铝加工. 1999, 1(22):42~48
8潘青林,尹志民等.微量Sc在Al-Mg合金中的作用.金属学报. 2001, 37(7):749~753
9柏振海,尹振兴等. Al-Mg-Sc合金铸态组织观察.轻合金加工技术. 2003, 31(1):7~14
10 ZhangYong hong, Yin Zhi min et al. Recrystallization of Al-Mg-Sc-Zr alloys. Rare metal materials and engineering. 2002, 31(3):167~170
11李绍禄,潘青林等. Sc和Ti复合微合金化对Al-Mg合金组织和性能的影响.兵器材料科学与工程. 2003,
26(1):11~15
12 Yu A, Filatov. New Al-Mg-Sc alloys. Materials Science and Engineering A. 2000, 289(1):3924~3927
13潘青林,尹志民等. Sc和Zr复合微合金化在Al-Mg合金中的形式与作用.航空材料学报. 2002, 22(1):6~10
14尹志民,高拥政等.微量Sc和Zr对Al-Mg合金铸态组织的晶粒细化作用.中国有色金属学报. 1997, 7(4):75~78
15柏振海,罗兵辉等.微量Sc和Zr对Al-Mg合金组织和性能的影响.材料科学与工艺. 2002, 10(3):306~309
16 Yin Z. Effect of minor Sc and Zr on the microstructure and mechanical properties of Al-Mg based alloys. Materials Science and Engineering A,2000, 280(1):151~155
17 Parker B. The effect of small addition of Scandium on the properties of aluminum alloys.Journal of materials science. 1995, 30(2):452~458
18 S.Lathabai, P.G.Lloyd. The effect of scandium on the microstructure, mechanical properties and weldability of a cast Al-Mg alloy. Acta Materialia. 2002, 50:4275~4292
19 D.Y.Maeng, J.H.Lee et al. The effect of transition elements on the superplastic be havior of Al-Mg alloys. Materials Science and Engineering A357. 2003, 188~195
20孙伟成,张淑荣,侯爱芹.稀土在铝合金中的行为.北京:兵器工业出版社. 1992, 75~296
21 Ferro R, Saccone A. Borzone G. Rare earth metals in light alloys. Journal of rare earths. 1997, 15(1):45~61
22 F. Rosalbino, E.Angelini et al. Influence of rare earth content on the electrochemical behavior of Al-Mg-Er alloys. Intermetallics. 2003, 11:435~441
23 D. Hamana. Comparative study of formation and transformation of transition phase in Al-12wt.%Mg alloy. Journal of alloys and compounds. 2001, 320(1):93~102
24 M. J.Starinl, A.M. Zahra.βandβ' precipitation in an Al-Mg alloy studied by DSC and TEM Acta Materialia. 1998, 46(10):3381~3397
25 D.O. Sprowls, R.H. Brown. Stress-Corrosion Mechanisms for Aluminum Alloys. Fundamental aspects of stress-corrosion cracking. National Association of corrosion engineers, Houston. 1969, 466~512
26 M.O.Speidel, M.V. Hyant. Advances in corrosion science and technology. New York:Plenum press. 1972, vol.2:55~115
27 J.L. Searles. P.I. Gouma et al. Stress corrosion cracking of sensitized AA5083. Metal. Mater. Trans. A. 2001, 32A:2859~2867
28 R.H. Jones, D.R. Baer et al. Role of Mg in the stress corrosion cracking of an Al-Mg alloy. Metall. Mater.Trans.A. 2001, 32A:1699~1711
29江裕生.铝合金节能门窗系统.上海建材. 2004, (2):33~34
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