组合孔径光学系统的装调和检测
摘要
组合孔径光学系统是一种新型的卡塞格林光学系统,它与普通卡塞格林系统的主要差别就是它的主镜由多个小口径的子镜拼接而成。这样的拼接式光学系统能够满足大口径、轻重量和可以折叠的要求。组合孔径光学系统的关键技术就是它的装调和检测。作为一个预研性项目,我们对500mm口径的组合孔径光学系统进行了装调和检测的研究。中心主镜与各个子镜的同心度是装调和检测的难点。本文对比了现有的光学系统的检测技术,实现了组合孔径光学系统的检测。给出了组合孔径光学系统的装调和检测结果。在不安装子镜时,用ZYGO干涉仪测得系统的波前图PV值可达到0.235λ,RMS值可达到0.029λ,满足了光学系统成像质量的要求。用CCD相机观察分辨率可达到68lp/mm,达到了相机的分辨率极限。用显微镜观察测得单个子镜分辨率为32.242lp/mm,光学系统最大分辨率为96.73lp/mm,检测结果满足了项目指标的要求。
The synthetic aperture optical system is a new type of Cassegrain optical system, whose main mirror is composed of several sub-aperture mirrors. Sub-aperture stitching technology can help optical system fulfill the requirements of large aperture, light weight and collapsible. The key technology of synthetic aperture optical system is in its alignment and test. As a project of pre-research, a modified Cassegrain system with synthetic aperture is adjusted and tested. The system has a 500mm-aperture main mirror which is composed of eight sub-apertures and one central mirror. The difficulty of the alignment is how to keep the concentricity among the sub-apertures and the central annulus. The ways to test the optical system are also discussed. Without the sub-apertures, we test the synthetic aperture optical system with ZYGO interferometer. Testing results shows that the peak-to-valley (PV) value is 0.235λ, root-mean-square (RMS) value is 0.029λ, which meet the requirements of optical system's imaging quality. The resolution can rearch 681p/mm, tested by CCD camera, which meets the maximum resolution of the camera. The resolution value of the single sub-aperture is 32.242 lp / mm . And the maximum resolution of the optical system is 96.73 lp / mm tested by microscope. The test results meet the requirement of the project indicators.
The synthetic aperture optical system is a new type of Cassegrain optical system, whose main mirror is composed of several sub-aperture mirrors. Sub-aperture stitching technology can help optical system fulfill the requirements of large aperture, light weight and collapsible. The key technology of synthetic aperture optical system is in its alignment and test. As a project of pre-research, a modified Cassegrain system with synthetic aperture is adjusted and tested. The system has a 500mm-aperture main mirror which is composed of eight sub-apertures and one central mirror. The difficulty of the alignment is how to keep the concentricity among the sub-apertures and the central annulus. The ways to test the optical system are also discussed. Without the sub-apertures, we test the synthetic aperture optical system with ZYGO interferometer. Testing results shows that the peak-to-valley (PV) value is 0.235λ, root-mean-square (RMS) value is 0.029λ, which meet the requirements of optical system's imaging quality. The resolution can rearch 681p/mm, tested by CCD camera, which meets the maximum resolution of the camera. The resolution value of the single sub-aperture is 32.242 lp / mm . And the maximum resolution of the optical system is 96.73 lp / mm tested by microscope. The test results meet the requirement of the project indicators.
引文
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[15]杨德华,戚永军,朱振东等.光学拼接镜面微位移主动调节机构的设计和实测[J].光学精密工程.2005年4月第13卷第2期
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[18]王立文,王书田,李峰.金属材料的选择原则[J].内蒙古石油化工.2005年第2期
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[20]范伟军,周必方,王海涛等.光学综合孔径成像中的傅里叶相位研究[J].光学学报,2004年3月第24卷第3期
[21]Lardiere,F.Martinache and F.Patru.Direct imaging with highly diluted apertures[J].Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society Mon.Not.R.Astron.Soc,375,977-988
[22]王庆有编著.CCD应用技术.天津:天津大学出版社,2000
[23]朱能鸿,王兰娟,叶稚凤.R-C系统望远镜的一种装校方法[J].中国科学院上海天文台年刊,1994年总第15期
[24]何业文,吕伟忠.Φ300mm卡采格林望远镜的装调[J].光学技术,1994年第4期
[25]白剑,程上彝,杨国光.大口径镜面的多孔径拼接技术[J].光学学报,1997年07期
[26]邓键,张伟,左保军等.拼接式合成孔径光学系统的失调误差分析研究[J].光学技术,2003年第33卷第1期
[27]杨晓飞.三反射镜光学系统的计算机辅助装调技术研究:[博士论文].长春:长春光学精密机械与物理研究所.2004
[28]Xiaokun Wang,Lihui Wang,Longhai Yin,Measurement of large aspheric surfaces by annular subaperture stitching interferometry[J].Chinese Optics Letters.November 10,2007.Vol.5,No.11
[29]Gonzalo Paez,Marija Strojnik and Jorge Garcia-Marquez.On telescope performance evaluation,journal of modern optics[J],Journal of Modern Optics.20 january 2004 vol.51,no.2,183-196
[30]张凯.1米拼接主镜光学系统设计与同心度检测方法研究:[硕士学位论文].长春:长春理工大学,2007
[31]刘智颖.子孔径拼接光学系统的研究:[博士学位论文].长春:长春理工大学,2009
[2]王之江,伍树东.成像光学[M].北京:科学出版社,1991.
[3]王治乐,周彦平,张伟等.合成孔径成像技术对比研究[J].哈尔滨工业大学学报.2004年3月第36卷3期
[4]Wang Zhile,Zhang Wei,Deng Jian,et al.Image Evaluation for Optical Synthetic Aperture Imaging System[J].Proc.of SPIE Vol.5638 975
[5]Richard Barakat,et al.Dilute aperture diffraction imagery and object reconstruction[J].Opt.Engng.,1990
[6]J.Fienup,MTF and integration time versus fill factor for sparse aperture imaging systems[J].SPIE.2000,4091:43-46
[7]J.E.Baldwin,M.G Beckett,R.C.Boyson et al..The first images from an optical aperture synthesis array:mapping of capella with COAST at two epochs[J].Astronomy and Astro-physics.1996,306:L13-L16
[8]Ardeberg A.Study of a 25 m Telescope for Optical Wavelengths In:Steep L Med.Advanced Technology Optical Telescopes V.SPIE Proc 2199,1994.315-333
[9]Gilmozzi R.Delabre B,Dierickx P.The future of filled aperture telescopes:is a 100m feasible.Ln:Stepp L M ed.Advanced Technology Optical/IR Telescopes Ⅵ.SPIE Proc 3352.1998.778-791
[10]Ramsey L W.Sebring T A,Sneden C.The spectroscopic survey telescopes project.Ln:Stepp L M ed.Advanced Technology Optical Telescopes Ⅴ.SPIE Proc 2199.1994.31-40
[11]Dehua Yang,Kunxin Chen,Yongjun Liang,et al.Design evolution and evaluation of the segmented reflecting Schmidt mirror cell of the LAMOST telescope[J].SPIE Vol:5877 30 August 2005
[12]Chang Jun,Weng Zhi-cheng,Cong Xiao-jie.Optical Design for the Off Axis Telescope with Long Focal Length and Wide Field of View[J].Journal of Optoelectronic s·Laser.Vol.14 No.7.Tul.2003
[13]Jorge L.Flores,Gonzalo Paez and Marija Strojnik.Optimal aperture configuration for a segmented and partially diluted extremely large telescope[J].journal of modern optics,2003,vol.50,no.5,729-742
[14]刘希财.组合孔径成像系统结构设计和装调的研究:[硕士学位论文].长春:长春理工大学,2008
[15]杨德华,戚永军,朱振东等.光学拼接镜面微位移主动调节机构的设计和实测[J].光学精密工程.2005年4月第13卷第2期
[16]梁文科,刘顺发.次镜支撑结构的力学性能分析[J].仪器仪表学报.2007年5月第8卷第5期
[17]Jose M.Rodriguez-Gonzalez,Jesus J.Fuensalida.Results of diffraction effects in segmented mirrors:co-phasing with integrated curvature signal[J].SPIE Vol:4837 4 February 2003
[18]王立文,王书田,李峰.金属材料的选择原则[J].内蒙古石油化工.2005年第2期
[19]张伟,王治乐,龙伟军.光学合成孔径成像技术发展概况[J].光学技术,2003年11月.第29卷第6期
[20]范伟军,周必方,王海涛等.光学综合孔径成像中的傅里叶相位研究[J].光学学报,2004年3月第24卷第3期
[21]Lardiere,F.Martinache and F.Patru.Direct imaging with highly diluted apertures[J].Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society Mon.Not.R.Astron.Soc,375,977-988
[22]王庆有编著.CCD应用技术.天津:天津大学出版社,2000
[23]朱能鸿,王兰娟,叶稚凤.R-C系统望远镜的一种装校方法[J].中国科学院上海天文台年刊,1994年总第15期
[24]何业文,吕伟忠.Φ300mm卡采格林望远镜的装调[J].光学技术,1994年第4期
[25]白剑,程上彝,杨国光.大口径镜面的多孔径拼接技术[J].光学学报,1997年07期
[26]邓键,张伟,左保军等.拼接式合成孔径光学系统的失调误差分析研究[J].光学技术,2003年第33卷第1期
[27]杨晓飞.三反射镜光学系统的计算机辅助装调技术研究:[博士论文].长春:长春光学精密机械与物理研究所.2004
[28]Xiaokun Wang,Lihui Wang,Longhai Yin,Measurement of large aspheric surfaces by annular subaperture stitching interferometry[J].Chinese Optics Letters.November 10,2007.Vol.5,No.11
[29]Gonzalo Paez,Marija Strojnik and Jorge Garcia-Marquez.On telescope performance evaluation,journal of modern optics[J],Journal of Modern Optics.20 january 2004 vol.51,no.2,183-196
[30]张凯.1米拼接主镜光学系统设计与同心度检测方法研究:[硕士学位论文].长春:长春理工大学,2007
[31]刘智颖.子孔径拼接光学系统的研究:[博士学位论文].长春:长春理工大学,2009