天线跟踪与自适应抗干扰技术研究
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摘要
随着现代通信的发展,天线抗干扰技术已成为通信对抗领域一项重要的抗干扰技术。本文研究了平流层通信平台的抗干扰技术,通过采用阵列天线对平流层通信平台的干扰实现自适应抑制,完成的主要工作如下:
1.在天线阵方面,比较了均匀线阵和均匀圆阵的特点,由于均匀圆阵可以达到360 o的全方位扫描,接收天线采用阵列间距为半波长的八阵元圆形天线。
2.在DOA估计方面,采用两种算法对天线波达方向进行估计,仿真结果证明MUSIC算法具有更好的谱峰高度和分辨率;仿真了在信号方向和个数固定的情况下的LCMV算法、ESB算法以及四阵元圆形天线的功率反演算法的干扰抑制性能。
3.在干扰抑制方面,提出了一种频域内归一化LMS自适应算法。该算法在LMS算法的基础上对输入信号进行频域变换和对收敛因子进行归一化,比LMS算法有着更高的收敛速度和更小的失调量。
4.提出了一种平流层通信平台的自适应天线抗干扰方案。该方案适用于平流层中继系统中信号频偏动态变化较大条件,采用八阵元圆形天线、前后向平滑的虚拟线阵MUSIC算法阵列信号进行DOA估计和频域内归一化LMS自适应算法进行自适应干扰抑制,优点是收敛速度较快和失调量较小。
With the development of the modern communication, interference suppression technique in antenna arrays is becoming an important research field. This paper is concentrated on the adaptive jamming suppression using antenna array in High Altitude Platform Stations (HAPS). The author’s researches involve four aspects as follows:
1. On the aspect of antenna array, the characteristic of linear array and circle array is compared. The circle array antenna with eight antennas that can scan the degree from 0 to 360 degree is used in this paper.
2. On the aspect of DOA estimation, two kinds of algorithms to estimate antenna arrays' direction of arrival are adopted. MUSIC algorithm has better peak height and resolution which is proved by simulation result. LCMV algorithm, ESB algorithm and power inversion algorithm are simulated under the condition that the number and the direction of the signal are fixed.
3. On the aspect of jamming suppression, frequency domain normalized LMS algorithm is presented. The transform in frequency domain increases the converge speed and normalize technology decreases the imbalance rate. This algorithm has higher convergence speed and smaller imbalance rate than LMS.
4. An adaptive jamming suppression scheme using antenna array in HAPS is proposed. The signal in HAPS that has dynamic frequency partial is adopt as the expectation signal, eight element circular antennas are adapted as the receiving antenna, to process the array signal. Using forward/backward spatial smoothing virtual line array MUSIC algorithm to estimate the signal angel and adopt frequency domain normalize LMS algorithm that has fast convergence speed and small imbalance rate to track the expectation signal.
1.在天线阵方面,比较了均匀线阵和均匀圆阵的特点,由于均匀圆阵可以达到360 o的全方位扫描,接收天线采用阵列间距为半波长的八阵元圆形天线。
2.在DOA估计方面,采用两种算法对天线波达方向进行估计,仿真结果证明MUSIC算法具有更好的谱峰高度和分辨率;仿真了在信号方向和个数固定的情况下的LCMV算法、ESB算法以及四阵元圆形天线的功率反演算法的干扰抑制性能。
3.在干扰抑制方面,提出了一种频域内归一化LMS自适应算法。该算法在LMS算法的基础上对输入信号进行频域变换和对收敛因子进行归一化,比LMS算法有着更高的收敛速度和更小的失调量。
4.提出了一种平流层通信平台的自适应天线抗干扰方案。该方案适用于平流层中继系统中信号频偏动态变化较大条件,采用八阵元圆形天线、前后向平滑的虚拟线阵MUSIC算法阵列信号进行DOA估计和频域内归一化LMS自适应算法进行自适应干扰抑制,优点是收敛速度较快和失调量较小。
With the development of the modern communication, interference suppression technique in antenna arrays is becoming an important research field. This paper is concentrated on the adaptive jamming suppression using antenna array in High Altitude Platform Stations (HAPS). The author’s researches involve four aspects as follows:
1. On the aspect of antenna array, the characteristic of linear array and circle array is compared. The circle array antenna with eight antennas that can scan the degree from 0 to 360 degree is used in this paper.
2. On the aspect of DOA estimation, two kinds of algorithms to estimate antenna arrays' direction of arrival are adopted. MUSIC algorithm has better peak height and resolution which is proved by simulation result. LCMV algorithm, ESB algorithm and power inversion algorithm are simulated under the condition that the number and the direction of the signal are fixed.
3. On the aspect of jamming suppression, frequency domain normalized LMS algorithm is presented. The transform in frequency domain increases the converge speed and normalize technology decreases the imbalance rate. This algorithm has higher convergence speed and smaller imbalance rate than LMS.
4. An adaptive jamming suppression scheme using antenna array in HAPS is proposed. The signal in HAPS that has dynamic frequency partial is adopt as the expectation signal, eight element circular antennas are adapted as the receiving antenna, to process the array signal. Using forward/backward spatial smoothing virtual line array MUSIC algorithm to estimate the signal angel and adopt frequency domain normalize LMS algorithm that has fast convergence speed and small imbalance rate to track the expectation signal.
引文
[1]李仲令,夏超时,李少谦.通信系统和网络的综合抗干扰问题.现代军事通信,2002,10(9):33-36.
[2]李仲令,夏超时,李少谦.军事通信中的综合抗干扰技术.军事通信抗干扰技术,学术研讨会论文集,2001,El-E5.
[3]杨千里.通信抗干扰的一点思考——并及卫星通信网络抗干扰.军事通信抗干扰技术学术研讨会论文集,2001,A5-All.
[4]朱勤.通信抗干扰的分析与思考.军事通信抗干扰技术学术研讨会论文集,2001,A44-A49.
[5]邱永红,朱勤,杨万里.抗干扰通信统一理论研究的初探.军事通信抗干扰技术学术研讨会论文集,2003,B211-B216.
[6]朱勤,陆锐敏.通信抗干扰理论研究探讨.军事通信抗干扰技术学术研讨会论文集,2003,B42-B47.
[7]王增和,卢春兰,钱祖平等编著.天线与电波传播[M].机械工业出版社,2003.
[8] Chryssomails M.. Smart Antennas. IEEE Antennas and Propagation Mag[J],2000,42(3):129-136.
[9] Boukalov A. O.. System aspects of smart-antenna technology in cellular wireless communications an overview. IEEE Tran. Microwave Theory and Tech[J],2000,48(6):919-929.
[10]李世鹤.智能天线的原理和实现.电信建设技术论坛[J],2001,4:12-19.
[11] Liberti Joseph C. , Rappaport , Theodore S.. Smart Antennas for Wireless Communications. IS-95 and Third Generation CDMA Applications[M],1999,254-260.
[12]石镇.自适应天线原理.北京国防工业出版社,1991.
[13]韩方景.自适应天线抗干扰技术.国防科学技术大学博士学位论文,2002.
[14] Carusone,A. C.,Johns,D. A.. Digital LMS adaptation of analog filters without gradient information[J]. IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems,2003,50:539-552.
[15] Wee Peng Ang,Farhang-Boroujeny. A new class of gradient adaptive step-size LMS algorithms[J]. IEEE Trans on AP,2001,49:805-810.
[16] Skidmore,I. D.,Proudler,I. K.. The Ka GE RLS algorithm[J]. IEEE Trans on AP,2003,51:3094-3104.
[17] Yuanjin Zheng,Zhiping Lin. Recursive adaptive algorithms for fast and rapidly time-varying systems[J]. IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems,2003,50: 602-614.
[18] Merched,R.,Sayed,A. H.. RLS-Laguerre lattice adaptive filtering:error-feedback,normalized and array-based algorithms[J]. IEEE Trans on AP,2001,49:2565-2576.
[19] Shan Ouyang,Zheng Bao. Fast principal component extraction by a weighted information criterion[J]. IEEE Trans on A P,2002,50:1994-2002.
[20] R. Miura, M. Suzuki. Preliminary Flight Test Program on Telecom and Broadcasting Using High Altitude Platform Stations. Wireless Personal Communications,2003,341-361.吴佑寿.发展中的平流层通信系统.工科物理期刊,2000,10(4):1-8.
[21] S. Tomisato,K. Fukawa and T. Matsumoto. A Space/Time Pre-equalization Technology for Down-Link Signal Transmission in Time-Division-Duplex(TDD) Mobile Multimedia Communications. Proceedings of EUSIPRO98 , 1998 :1349-1352.
[22]杨波,徐明远,和丽芳.智能天线中平面阵列的波达方向的估计的研究.昆明理工大学学报[J],2005,30(6):41-51.
[23]赵雅靓.圆形阵列波束形成与综合方法研究.河南大学硕士学位论文,2005.
[24]沈福民编著.自适应信号处理[M].西安电子科技大学出版社,2002.
[25]何振亚著.自适应信号处理[M].科学出版社,2002.
[26]杨林.自适应阵列方向图综合研究.哈尔滨工程大学硕士学位论文,2004.
[27] Hiromitsu Asakura , Tadashi Matsumoto. Cooperative Signal Reception and Down-Link Beam Forming in Cellular Mobile Communications. IEEE Transaction On Vehicular Technology,1998,48(2):333-341
[28] Habti Abeida,Jean-Pierre Delmas. MUSIC-Like Estimation of Direction of Arrival for Noncircular Sources. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SIGNAL PROCESSING[J],2006,54(7),2678-2690.
[29]徐明远,邵玉斌编著.MATLAB仿真在通信与电子工程中的应用[M].西安电子科技大学出版社,2005.
[30] S. Hinedi,J. I. Statman. High-Dynamic GPS Tracking Final Report. Jet Propulsion Laboratory,1988,8:55-66.
[31]党明杰,彭新建,余仿,刘江宏.应用于GPS干扰的自适应调零天线技术研究[J].第六届导航及海上通信学术年会论文集,2001,10-14.
[32]王华力,陈长征,甘仲民,韩锋.通信卫星干扰源定位与自适应调零一体化技术.解放军理工大学学报[J],2000,1(4):1-4.
[33]李隽,王钰,尹继凯.星载数字调零天线接收技术.天线与伺服技术[J],2006,32(4):33-34..
[34]宋强,王华力,甘仲民.卫星多波束天线自适应调零算法比较.第六届全国青年通信学术会议论文集[J],1999,459-463.
[35]王曹莉,杨常伟.三种相干信源DOA估计算法的性能分析.中国科技论文在线,1-5.
[36]包志强,吴顺君,张林让.一种信号估计与波达方向联合估计的新算法.电子学报[J],2006,34(12):2170-2174.
[37] Pillai S. U.,KWON B. H.. Forward/Backward spatial smoothing technique for coherent signal identification. IEEE Trans. On ASSP,1989,37(1):8-15.
[38] Gao Shuyan,Chen Hui,Wang Yongliang,Meng Cangzhen. A Novel Algorithm for Estimating DOA of Coherent Signals on Uniform Circular Array[C]. IEEE,2006,20(8):30-50.
[39]马常霖,彭应宁,田立生.基于均匀圆阵的信源相干结构的估计.清华大学学报[J](自然科学版),1998.
[40] Shan T.,Wax M.,Kailath T. K.. On spatial smoothing for direction of arrival estimation of coherent signals. IEEE Trans,1985,ASSP-33(4):806-811.
[41] Williams R. T.. An improved spatial smoothing technique for bearing estimation on a multipath environment. IEEE Trans,1989,ASSP-36(4):425-431.
[42]张小飞,徐大专.基于频域LMS的自适应波束形成算法.中国空间科学技术[J],2005,2:41-58。
[2]李仲令,夏超时,李少谦.军事通信中的综合抗干扰技术.军事通信抗干扰技术,学术研讨会论文集,2001,El-E5.
[3]杨千里.通信抗干扰的一点思考——并及卫星通信网络抗干扰.军事通信抗干扰技术学术研讨会论文集,2001,A5-All.
[4]朱勤.通信抗干扰的分析与思考.军事通信抗干扰技术学术研讨会论文集,2001,A44-A49.
[5]邱永红,朱勤,杨万里.抗干扰通信统一理论研究的初探.军事通信抗干扰技术学术研讨会论文集,2003,B211-B216.
[6]朱勤,陆锐敏.通信抗干扰理论研究探讨.军事通信抗干扰技术学术研讨会论文集,2003,B42-B47.
[7]王增和,卢春兰,钱祖平等编著.天线与电波传播[M].机械工业出版社,2003.
[8] Chryssomails M.. Smart Antennas. IEEE Antennas and Propagation Mag[J],2000,42(3):129-136.
[9] Boukalov A. O.. System aspects of smart-antenna technology in cellular wireless communications an overview. IEEE Tran. Microwave Theory and Tech[J],2000,48(6):919-929.
[10]李世鹤.智能天线的原理和实现.电信建设技术论坛[J],2001,4:12-19.
[11] Liberti Joseph C. , Rappaport , Theodore S.. Smart Antennas for Wireless Communications. IS-95 and Third Generation CDMA Applications[M],1999,254-260.
[12]石镇.自适应天线原理.北京国防工业出版社,1991.
[13]韩方景.自适应天线抗干扰技术.国防科学技术大学博士学位论文,2002.
[14] Carusone,A. C.,Johns,D. A.. Digital LMS adaptation of analog filters without gradient information[J]. IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems,2003,50:539-552.
[15] Wee Peng Ang,Farhang-Boroujeny. A new class of gradient adaptive step-size LMS algorithms[J]. IEEE Trans on AP,2001,49:805-810.
[16] Skidmore,I. D.,Proudler,I. K.. The Ka GE RLS algorithm[J]. IEEE Trans on AP,2003,51:3094-3104.
[17] Yuanjin Zheng,Zhiping Lin. Recursive adaptive algorithms for fast and rapidly time-varying systems[J]. IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems,2003,50: 602-614.
[18] Merched,R.,Sayed,A. H.. RLS-Laguerre lattice adaptive filtering:error-feedback,normalized and array-based algorithms[J]. IEEE Trans on AP,2001,49:2565-2576.
[19] Shan Ouyang,Zheng Bao. Fast principal component extraction by a weighted information criterion[J]. IEEE Trans on A P,2002,50:1994-2002.
[20] R. Miura, M. Suzuki. Preliminary Flight Test Program on Telecom and Broadcasting Using High Altitude Platform Stations. Wireless Personal Communications,2003,341-361.吴佑寿.发展中的平流层通信系统.工科物理期刊,2000,10(4):1-8.
[21] S. Tomisato,K. Fukawa and T. Matsumoto. A Space/Time Pre-equalization Technology for Down-Link Signal Transmission in Time-Division-Duplex(TDD) Mobile Multimedia Communications. Proceedings of EUSIPRO98 , 1998 :1349-1352.
[22]杨波,徐明远,和丽芳.智能天线中平面阵列的波达方向的估计的研究.昆明理工大学学报[J],2005,30(6):41-51.
[23]赵雅靓.圆形阵列波束形成与综合方法研究.河南大学硕士学位论文,2005.
[24]沈福民编著.自适应信号处理[M].西安电子科技大学出版社,2002.
[25]何振亚著.自适应信号处理[M].科学出版社,2002.
[26]杨林.自适应阵列方向图综合研究.哈尔滨工程大学硕士学位论文,2004.
[27] Hiromitsu Asakura , Tadashi Matsumoto. Cooperative Signal Reception and Down-Link Beam Forming in Cellular Mobile Communications. IEEE Transaction On Vehicular Technology,1998,48(2):333-341
[28] Habti Abeida,Jean-Pierre Delmas. MUSIC-Like Estimation of Direction of Arrival for Noncircular Sources. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SIGNAL PROCESSING[J],2006,54(7),2678-2690.
[29]徐明远,邵玉斌编著.MATLAB仿真在通信与电子工程中的应用[M].西安电子科技大学出版社,2005.
[30] S. Hinedi,J. I. Statman. High-Dynamic GPS Tracking Final Report. Jet Propulsion Laboratory,1988,8:55-66.
[31]党明杰,彭新建,余仿,刘江宏.应用于GPS干扰的自适应调零天线技术研究[J].第六届导航及海上通信学术年会论文集,2001,10-14.
[32]王华力,陈长征,甘仲民,韩锋.通信卫星干扰源定位与自适应调零一体化技术.解放军理工大学学报[J],2000,1(4):1-4.
[33]李隽,王钰,尹继凯.星载数字调零天线接收技术.天线与伺服技术[J],2006,32(4):33-34..
[34]宋强,王华力,甘仲民.卫星多波束天线自适应调零算法比较.第六届全国青年通信学术会议论文集[J],1999,459-463.
[35]王曹莉,杨常伟.三种相干信源DOA估计算法的性能分析.中国科技论文在线,1-5.
[36]包志强,吴顺君,张林让.一种信号估计与波达方向联合估计的新算法.电子学报[J],2006,34(12):2170-2174.
[37] Pillai S. U.,KWON B. H.. Forward/Backward spatial smoothing technique for coherent signal identification. IEEE Trans. On ASSP,1989,37(1):8-15.
[38] Gao Shuyan,Chen Hui,Wang Yongliang,Meng Cangzhen. A Novel Algorithm for Estimating DOA of Coherent Signals on Uniform Circular Array[C]. IEEE,2006,20(8):30-50.
[39]马常霖,彭应宁,田立生.基于均匀圆阵的信源相干结构的估计.清华大学学报[J](自然科学版),1998.
[40] Shan T.,Wax M.,Kailath T. K.. On spatial smoothing for direction of arrival estimation of coherent signals. IEEE Trans,1985,ASSP-33(4):806-811.
[41] Williams R. T.. An improved spatial smoothing technique for bearing estimation on a multipath environment. IEEE Trans,1989,ASSP-36(4):425-431.
[42]张小飞,徐大专.基于频域LMS的自适应波束形成算法.中国空间科学技术[J],2005,2:41-58。