基于ARM的换热站数据采集与控制系统研究
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摘要
随着城市建设和经济的飞速发展,节能与环保已成为未来发展永恒的主题,集中供热亦为城市供热发展的大势所趋。操作管理水平和能源利用率低下,以及污染、浪费严重已成为我国集中供热事业发展的瓶颈。
如何使供热系统处于一个稳定、高效的运行状态,成为供热控制系统所必须解决的问题,其中一个重要的措施就是通过提高现有能耗设备的操作运行水平,在不增加更新设备投资的前提下,以实现最大限度的节能增效。本文基于集中供热系统现状,结合其中枢机构——换热站,运行的特点,对集中供热系统自动化监控技术的实现、热源的合理利用及稳定而高效的供热进行分析,试图为达到合理分配热源、优化供热效果、充分发挥集中供热系统的性能,提高集中供热的供热效率,降低一次能源消耗提供可靠保证。
本文首先介绍了供热系统的发展现状、换热站工作原理及其存在的问题。在对水、热力工况及其对系统影响的分析基础上,建立了换热站运行参数控制模型,为模拟热网运行和理想工况下参数的获取以及热网调节提供了依据。同时,提出了基于自动控制理论思想和方法的换热站控制系统优化方案。
针对换热站控制系统中,被控对象具有不确定性、非线性、变参数等特性,经典PID控制难以满足控制要求。本文提出了基于模糊PID的换热站运行参数控制方法。仿真结果表明,该方案明显优于经典PID控制,具有超调量小、调节时间短、稳定性好、适应性强等特点,有利于增强换热站控制系统的鲁棒性及提高控制精度。
为了在不增加更新设备投资前提下,实现集中供热系统最大限度的节能,本文设计了基于微处理器F040的换热站数据采集与控制模块。该模块具有功能完善、可靠性高、功耗低、体积小等特点,为供热系统提供了一种新型现代化监控器,对于保证安全生产、提高换热站运行效率及自动化水平有着重要意义和广阔的应用前景。
最后,针对目前换热站运行多凭人工经验操作,管理水平和运营效率较低的缺点,本文基于ARM一体机设计了一套嵌入式人机交互平台,为换热站的运行和管理提供了良好的人机界面,从而实现了换热站管理、调度、系统仿真的集成化,为供热系统的现代化运行和高效管理提供了一个有力的工具。
With the rapid economical development and urban construction, energy saving and environmental protection have become two principal themes of development in the future, and the district heating will be a major development trend of urban heating system. However, poor level of operation management, low efficiency of energy utilizing, and serious pollution and waste, have been the main impediment to the development of the district heating system.
To keep steady and high efficient is a key problem of the heating system and one effective means for solving the problem is to improve the operant level of the existing energy consumption equipment so that energy can be saved to the maximum extent without additional investment for the substitution of equipment. Based on the current situation of the district heating system and the operating characteristics of the heat exchange station which is the centum of the district heating system, in order to achieve the aim of making heat source allocation more reasonable, optimizing the heating effect, improving the district heating capability and efficiency, and decreasing consumption of the primary energy, the implement of automatic monitoring for the district heating system, rational utilization of the heat source, and robust and efficient heating are analyzed in this paper.
This dissertation first introduces the current situation of the heating system, and the principle and existing problem of the heat exchange station. Then based on analyzing water and heat conditions and its impact to the system, the parameter controlling model for the heat exchange station is constructed. The model can give a basis for simulating operation of the heat network, acquiring optimal parameters under ideal conditions and adjusting the heat network. Moreover, an optimization scheme for heat exchange station control system is proposed based on the method and principle of automatic control.
Due to the uncertainty, nonlinearity and variable parameter character of the controlled object in the heat exchange station control system, the traditional PID control can not satisfy with control demand of the heat exchange station. This dissertation has proposed a parameter control method based on the fuzzy PID for the heat exchange station. Simulation results shows that the proposed method can get better performance than the traditional PID method, and it has smaller overshoot, less transition time, better stability and stronger robustness, which are beneficial to enhance the robustness and control accuracy of the heat exchange station control system.
To improve efficiency and save energy for the district heating without additional investment for the substitution of equipment, the dissertation has designed a data acquisition and control module for the heat exchange station based on the microprocessor F040. The module with a fully function, high reliability, low power consumption, and small size is a new type of modern monitor for the heating system. It has a great significance on the safety operation, enhancing operating efficiency of the heat exchange station, improving automation level, and has broad application prospects.
Finally, to improve the level of management and operating efficiency for the heat exchange station, an embedded human-computer interaction platform is proposed based on ARM all-in-one machine. The platform provides a good human-computer interface for operation and management of the heat exchange station and is beneficial to implement integration of management, scheduling and system simulation for the heat exchange station. The proposed platform can be served as a powerful tool for modern operation and high efficiency management of the heating system.
如何使供热系统处于一个稳定、高效的运行状态,成为供热控制系统所必须解决的问题,其中一个重要的措施就是通过提高现有能耗设备的操作运行水平,在不增加更新设备投资的前提下,以实现最大限度的节能增效。本文基于集中供热系统现状,结合其中枢机构——换热站,运行的特点,对集中供热系统自动化监控技术的实现、热源的合理利用及稳定而高效的供热进行分析,试图为达到合理分配热源、优化供热效果、充分发挥集中供热系统的性能,提高集中供热的供热效率,降低一次能源消耗提供可靠保证。
本文首先介绍了供热系统的发展现状、换热站工作原理及其存在的问题。在对水、热力工况及其对系统影响的分析基础上,建立了换热站运行参数控制模型,为模拟热网运行和理想工况下参数的获取以及热网调节提供了依据。同时,提出了基于自动控制理论思想和方法的换热站控制系统优化方案。
针对换热站控制系统中,被控对象具有不确定性、非线性、变参数等特性,经典PID控制难以满足控制要求。本文提出了基于模糊PID的换热站运行参数控制方法。仿真结果表明,该方案明显优于经典PID控制,具有超调量小、调节时间短、稳定性好、适应性强等特点,有利于增强换热站控制系统的鲁棒性及提高控制精度。
为了在不增加更新设备投资前提下,实现集中供热系统最大限度的节能,本文设计了基于微处理器F040的换热站数据采集与控制模块。该模块具有功能完善、可靠性高、功耗低、体积小等特点,为供热系统提供了一种新型现代化监控器,对于保证安全生产、提高换热站运行效率及自动化水平有着重要意义和广阔的应用前景。
最后,针对目前换热站运行多凭人工经验操作,管理水平和运营效率较低的缺点,本文基于ARM一体机设计了一套嵌入式人机交互平台,为换热站的运行和管理提供了良好的人机界面,从而实现了换热站管理、调度、系统仿真的集成化,为供热系统的现代化运行和高效管理提供了一个有力的工具。
With the rapid economical development and urban construction, energy saving and environmental protection have become two principal themes of development in the future, and the district heating will be a major development trend of urban heating system. However, poor level of operation management, low efficiency of energy utilizing, and serious pollution and waste, have been the main impediment to the development of the district heating system.
To keep steady and high efficient is a key problem of the heating system and one effective means for solving the problem is to improve the operant level of the existing energy consumption equipment so that energy can be saved to the maximum extent without additional investment for the substitution of equipment. Based on the current situation of the district heating system and the operating characteristics of the heat exchange station which is the centum of the district heating system, in order to achieve the aim of making heat source allocation more reasonable, optimizing the heating effect, improving the district heating capability and efficiency, and decreasing consumption of the primary energy, the implement of automatic monitoring for the district heating system, rational utilization of the heat source, and robust and efficient heating are analyzed in this paper.
This dissertation first introduces the current situation of the heating system, and the principle and existing problem of the heat exchange station. Then based on analyzing water and heat conditions and its impact to the system, the parameter controlling model for the heat exchange station is constructed. The model can give a basis for simulating operation of the heat network, acquiring optimal parameters under ideal conditions and adjusting the heat network. Moreover, an optimization scheme for heat exchange station control system is proposed based on the method and principle of automatic control.
Due to the uncertainty, nonlinearity and variable parameter character of the controlled object in the heat exchange station control system, the traditional PID control can not satisfy with control demand of the heat exchange station. This dissertation has proposed a parameter control method based on the fuzzy PID for the heat exchange station. Simulation results shows that the proposed method can get better performance than the traditional PID method, and it has smaller overshoot, less transition time, better stability and stronger robustness, which are beneficial to enhance the robustness and control accuracy of the heat exchange station control system.
To improve efficiency and save energy for the district heating without additional investment for the substitution of equipment, the dissertation has designed a data acquisition and control module for the heat exchange station based on the microprocessor F040. The module with a fully function, high reliability, low power consumption, and small size is a new type of modern monitor for the heating system. It has a great significance on the safety operation, enhancing operating efficiency of the heat exchange station, improving automation level, and has broad application prospects.
Finally, to improve the level of management and operating efficiency for the heat exchange station, an embedded human-computer interaction platform is proposed based on ARM all-in-one machine. The platform provides a good human-computer interface for operation and management of the heat exchange station and is beneficial to implement integration of management, scheduling and system simulation for the heat exchange station. The proposed platform can be served as a powerful tool for modern operation and high efficiency management of the heating system.
引文
1崔维涛.换热站监控系统开发与智能控制的研究.大连理工大学硕士论文. 2007:1~3
2彭桂力,刘知贵.集中供热锅炉控制系统的PLC控制.电器自动化设备. 2006, 26(9): 75~77
3陈璞,刘文波.基于ARM和嵌入式Linux的远程数据采集系统的软件设计.测控技术. 2007, 26(9): 54~56
4 D. H. Yoon, Y. H. Jung, H. J. Ryoo, H. M. Kim, S. Y. Choei. The Gateway Implementation of Sensor Network using the ARM Chip. Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Advanced Communication Technology. 2006, 1: 146~148
5 J. Goodacre, A. N. Sloss. Parallelism and the ARM Instruction Set Architecture. IEEE Computer Society. 2005, 38(7): 42~50
6 Jingwen Tian, Meijuan Gao, Jin Li. Intelligent Window Based on Embedded System. Proceedings of the Eighth ACIS International Conference on Software Engineering, Artificial Intelligence, Networking, and Parallel/Distributed Computing. 2007, 2: 395~399
7吕正.换热站自动控制系统的设计及实现方法.工业技术与应用. 2006,(2): 53~56
8彭大维.换热站计算机控制系统.仪表技术与传感器. 2005,(4):33~34
9王利,孙志德,李山河.供热系统换热首站计算机监控系统.煤气与热力. 2005, (12): 36~38
10王宇平.基于S3C44B0微处理器嵌入式实时远程数据采集系统.应用能源技术. 2008, 38(1):46~48
11 Fang Lide, Zhang Wanling, Li Jinhai, Zhu Aimin. A New Intelligence Dynamic Heat Meter Intelligent Systems Design and Applications. Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on ISDA. 2006,3:87 ~ 191
12幻贺平,孙刚.供热工程(第二版).北京:中国建筑工业出版社. 1996:121~142
13李联友,李德英,陈红兵.供热监测系统的应用.煤气与热力. 2004, 24(6): 320~322
14 Jacob K. District Heating and Coo1ing Techno1ogy Research and Deve1opment Overview of the U.S. Department of Energy Program. Office of Building and Community, U.S. DOE. 2000:34~51
15 Fredrik Wernstedt, Paul Davidsson. An Agent-Based Approach to Monitoring and Control of District Heating Systems.Applications of Artificial Intelligence and Expert Systems, Australia, 2002:402~411
16 Thybo, Honglian, Larsen, Lars F. S., Thybo, Claus. Control of A Water-based Floor Heating System.Proceedings of IEEE 22nd International Symposium on Intelligent Control. 2007:288~294
17 Namkhainyam, B., Enkhjargal, Kh., Purevjal,O. Improvement Energy Efficiency of District Heating Systems. Proceedings of Third International Forum on Strategic Technologies. 2008 :545~548
18 Zhenyu Yang, Pedersen, G.K.M., Larsen, L.F.S., Honglian Thybo. Modeling and Control of Indoor Climate Using a Heat Pump Based Floor Heating System. Proceedings of the 33rd Annual Conference of the IEEE on Industrial Electronics Society. 2007 :2985~2990
19熊新民,曹毅.小区供暖换热站监控系统设计.测控自动化. 2009,25(11): 298~300
20寿青云,陈汝东.借鉴国外经验积极发展我国的区域供冷供热.流体机械. 2003, 31(11): 47~50
21李冬玲,马爱龙.换热站自动控制和GPRS远程数据传输系统的设计与开发.低压电器. 2007, (24):13~17
22 Qiu, K., Hayden, A. C. S., Integrated Thermoelectric Generator and Application to Self-Powered Heating Systems. Proceedings of the 25th International Conference on Thermoelectrics. 2006:198~203
23 MolodezhnikovaL.I., KnoishevA.E., Yusupova Yu.B. Problem Solving Search for Energy Saving in Heat Networks. Proceedings of the 7th International Scientific and Practical Conference of Students. Tomsk. 2001:327~332
24张明.换热站节能控制系统的研究.大连海事大学硕士论文. 2008: 1~5
25孟文龙.集中供热热力站微机监控系统.西安建筑科技大学硕士论文. 2003:4~6
26朱世丰.供暖企业换热站控制系统设计与研究.沈阳工业大学硕士学位论文. 2006: 13~15
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2彭桂力,刘知贵.集中供热锅炉控制系统的PLC控制.电器自动化设备. 2006, 26(9): 75~77
3陈璞,刘文波.基于ARM和嵌入式Linux的远程数据采集系统的软件设计.测控技术. 2007, 26(9): 54~56
4 D. H. Yoon, Y. H. Jung, H. J. Ryoo, H. M. Kim, S. Y. Choei. The Gateway Implementation of Sensor Network using the ARM Chip. Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Advanced Communication Technology. 2006, 1: 146~148
5 J. Goodacre, A. N. Sloss. Parallelism and the ARM Instruction Set Architecture. IEEE Computer Society. 2005, 38(7): 42~50
6 Jingwen Tian, Meijuan Gao, Jin Li. Intelligent Window Based on Embedded System. Proceedings of the Eighth ACIS International Conference on Software Engineering, Artificial Intelligence, Networking, and Parallel/Distributed Computing. 2007, 2: 395~399
7吕正.换热站自动控制系统的设计及实现方法.工业技术与应用. 2006,(2): 53~56
8彭大维.换热站计算机控制系统.仪表技术与传感器. 2005,(4):33~34
9王利,孙志德,李山河.供热系统换热首站计算机监控系统.煤气与热力. 2005, (12): 36~38
10王宇平.基于S3C44B0微处理器嵌入式实时远程数据采集系统.应用能源技术. 2008, 38(1):46~48
11 Fang Lide, Zhang Wanling, Li Jinhai, Zhu Aimin. A New Intelligence Dynamic Heat Meter Intelligent Systems Design and Applications. Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on ISDA. 2006,3:87 ~ 191
12幻贺平,孙刚.供热工程(第二版).北京:中国建筑工业出版社. 1996:121~142
13李联友,李德英,陈红兵.供热监测系统的应用.煤气与热力. 2004, 24(6): 320~322
14 Jacob K. District Heating and Coo1ing Techno1ogy Research and Deve1opment Overview of the U.S. Department of Energy Program. Office of Building and Community, U.S. DOE. 2000:34~51
15 Fredrik Wernstedt, Paul Davidsson. An Agent-Based Approach to Monitoring and Control of District Heating Systems.Applications of Artificial Intelligence and Expert Systems, Australia, 2002:402~411
16 Thybo, Honglian, Larsen, Lars F. S., Thybo, Claus. Control of A Water-based Floor Heating System.Proceedings of IEEE 22nd International Symposium on Intelligent Control. 2007:288~294
17 Namkhainyam, B., Enkhjargal, Kh., Purevjal,O. Improvement Energy Efficiency of District Heating Systems. Proceedings of Third International Forum on Strategic Technologies. 2008 :545~548
18 Zhenyu Yang, Pedersen, G.K.M., Larsen, L.F.S., Honglian Thybo. Modeling and Control of Indoor Climate Using a Heat Pump Based Floor Heating System. Proceedings of the 33rd Annual Conference of the IEEE on Industrial Electronics Society. 2007 :2985~2990
19熊新民,曹毅.小区供暖换热站监控系统设计.测控自动化. 2009,25(11): 298~300
20寿青云,陈汝东.借鉴国外经验积极发展我国的区域供冷供热.流体机械. 2003, 31(11): 47~50
21李冬玲,马爱龙.换热站自动控制和GPRS远程数据传输系统的设计与开发.低压电器. 2007, (24):13~17
22 Qiu, K., Hayden, A. C. S., Integrated Thermoelectric Generator and Application to Self-Powered Heating Systems. Proceedings of the 25th International Conference on Thermoelectrics. 2006:198~203
23 MolodezhnikovaL.I., KnoishevA.E., Yusupova Yu.B. Problem Solving Search for Energy Saving in Heat Networks. Proceedings of the 7th International Scientific and Practical Conference of Students. Tomsk. 2001:327~332
24张明.换热站节能控制系统的研究.大连海事大学硕士论文. 2008: 1~5
25孟文龙.集中供热热力站微机监控系统.西安建筑科技大学硕士论文. 2003:4~6
26朱世丰.供暖企业换热站控制系统设计与研究.沈阳工业大学硕士学位论文. 2006: 13~15
27梁涛,马爱龙,张健.具有远程监控功能的换热站自动控制系统.电子技术应用. 2007,(10):93 ~96
28赵华军.基于通用变频器控制的恒压供水系统设计.机电工程技术. 2007,(36): 30~31
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