新型碲镍铬合金粉末材料显微组织分析
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摘要
镍铬合金具有耐磨、耐蚀、高温抗氧化等良好的综合性能,已广泛应用于石油、机械、化工等行业。石油、机械、化工等行业每年由于材料的磨损、腐蚀、疲劳、氧化及断裂等所带来的破坏和损失十分的惊人。为了降低材料在这些行业中的损耗,本论文研究了在镍铬合金粉末中加入微量的碲,以进一步提高镍铬合金的高温抗氧化性、耐腐蚀性及耐摩擦磨损等性能。在现有的镍铬合金粉末的基础上添加不同量的碲(碲的质量分数分别为0%、0.3%、0.5%、0.8%、1%、1.5%、2.0%),均匀混合后,制成新型碲镍铬合金粉末。将充分混合好的碲镍铬合金粉末置于石英管中采用粉末冶金工艺进行烧结,制得新型的碲镍铬合金。通过电子显微镜、EPMA、EDS、XRD等方法分析碲镍铬合金显微组织、化学成分及其物相组成。对材料的宏观硬度和显微硬度进行了检测,研究碲对镍铬合金性能的影响。通过上述分析检测手段,确定成分配比最合理的碲镍铬合金粉末,在摩擦磨损条件和酸性环境下,与镍铬合金进行比较,探讨碲对镍铬合金性能的影响。
试验结果表明:(1)在镍铬合金加入微量的碲后,合金的显微组织发生明显的变化,在合金表面生成β相、γ相和富碲相。(2)碲镍铬合金的宏观硬度比镍铬合金的大;在显微硬度测试中碲镍铬合金基体的显微硬度比镍铬合金基体的大,碲镍铬合金β相的显微硬度最大,为硬质相,其次是γ相。β相和γ相的显微硬度比合金基体大。(3)碲的添加量为1%时,合金的显微组织和硬度性能最好。(4)摩擦磨损、腐蚀试验表明碲镍铬合金的抗磨损和耐腐蚀性能明显优于镍铬合金。
Nickel-chrome alloy with wear-resisting, corrosion resistant, high temperature oxidation and good comprehensive property has been widely used in petroleum, machinery, chemical and other industries. Petroleum, machinery, chemical and other industries every year due to the damage and losses of material wear and corrosion, fatigue, oxidation and fracture are quite amazing. In order to reduce the material in loss in these industries, this paper first studies adding a little of tellurium in nickel chrome alloy powder further increase the high temperature oxidation resistance, corrosion resistance and wear resistance and other properties of Nickel-chromium alloy. Adding different amounts of tellurium on the basis of the current nickel-chromium alloy powder(tellurium contents were 0%, 0.3%, 0.5%, 0.8%, 1%, 1.5%, 2.0%), evenly mixed, produce a new type of tellurium nickel-chromium alloy powder. Placing the prepared tellurium nickel-chromium alloy powder and sintering in quartz tube obtaine a new type of tellurium nickel-chromium alloy. Analyzing microstructure, chemical composition and phase composition of tellurium nickel-chromium alloy by electron microscopy, EPMA, XRD and other methods, and testing the hardness, study the influence of tellurium on microstructure of Nickel-chromium alloy. Through the above analysis, to determine the optimal composition of tellurium nickel-chromium alloy powder. Selecting the best composition ratio of tellurium nickel-chromium alloy, compared with the nickel-chromium alloy in the friction conditions and acidic environment, discusses the influence of tellurium on the properties of nickel chrome tellurium.
The results show that:(1)with a little of tellurium in the nickel-chromium alloy , the alloy microstructure obviously changes, generatingβphase,γphase and tellurium-rich phase on the surface of the alloy.(2)The macro-hardness of tellurium nickel-chromium alloy is larger than nickel-chromium alloy; In the microhardness testing the matrix hardness of tellurium nickel-chromium alloy is larger than the matrix hardness of nickel-chromium alloy, the maximum microhardness isβphase in tellurium nickel-chromium alloy, as the hard phase, followed by theγphase. The microhardness ofβandγphase is larger than matrix microhardness in tellurium nickel-chromium alloy.(3)For adding amount of 1% of tellurium in nickel-chromium alloy, microstructure and hardness performance of tellurium nickel-chromium alloy is the best.(4)Friction and wear, corrosion tests show that the property of wear resistance and corrosion resistance of tellurium nickel-chromium alloy is significantly better than nickel-chromium alloy.
试验结果表明:(1)在镍铬合金加入微量的碲后,合金的显微组织发生明显的变化,在合金表面生成β相、γ相和富碲相。(2)碲镍铬合金的宏观硬度比镍铬合金的大;在显微硬度测试中碲镍铬合金基体的显微硬度比镍铬合金基体的大,碲镍铬合金β相的显微硬度最大,为硬质相,其次是γ相。β相和γ相的显微硬度比合金基体大。(3)碲的添加量为1%时,合金的显微组织和硬度性能最好。(4)摩擦磨损、腐蚀试验表明碲镍铬合金的抗磨损和耐腐蚀性能明显优于镍铬合金。
Nickel-chrome alloy with wear-resisting, corrosion resistant, high temperature oxidation and good comprehensive property has been widely used in petroleum, machinery, chemical and other industries. Petroleum, machinery, chemical and other industries every year due to the damage and losses of material wear and corrosion, fatigue, oxidation and fracture are quite amazing. In order to reduce the material in loss in these industries, this paper first studies adding a little of tellurium in nickel chrome alloy powder further increase the high temperature oxidation resistance, corrosion resistance and wear resistance and other properties of Nickel-chromium alloy. Adding different amounts of tellurium on the basis of the current nickel-chromium alloy powder(tellurium contents were 0%, 0.3%, 0.5%, 0.8%, 1%, 1.5%, 2.0%), evenly mixed, produce a new type of tellurium nickel-chromium alloy powder. Placing the prepared tellurium nickel-chromium alloy powder and sintering in quartz tube obtaine a new type of tellurium nickel-chromium alloy. Analyzing microstructure, chemical composition and phase composition of tellurium nickel-chromium alloy by electron microscopy, EPMA, XRD and other methods, and testing the hardness, study the influence of tellurium on microstructure of Nickel-chromium alloy. Through the above analysis, to determine the optimal composition of tellurium nickel-chromium alloy powder. Selecting the best composition ratio of tellurium nickel-chromium alloy, compared with the nickel-chromium alloy in the friction conditions and acidic environment, discusses the influence of tellurium on the properties of nickel chrome tellurium.
The results show that:(1)with a little of tellurium in the nickel-chromium alloy , the alloy microstructure obviously changes, generatingβphase,γphase and tellurium-rich phase on the surface of the alloy.(2)The macro-hardness of tellurium nickel-chromium alloy is larger than nickel-chromium alloy; In the microhardness testing the matrix hardness of tellurium nickel-chromium alloy is larger than the matrix hardness of nickel-chromium alloy, the maximum microhardness isβphase in tellurium nickel-chromium alloy, as the hard phase, followed by theγphase. The microhardness ofβandγphase is larger than matrix microhardness in tellurium nickel-chromium alloy.(3)For adding amount of 1% of tellurium in nickel-chromium alloy, microstructure and hardness performance of tellurium nickel-chromium alloy is the best.(4)Friction and wear, corrosion tests show that the property of wear resistance and corrosion resistance of tellurium nickel-chromium alloy is significantly better than nickel-chromium alloy.
引文
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[4]陈德潜.稀有元素地址概论[M].北京:地质出版社,1982
[5]龚萍,徐万里等.碲粉涂料防止铸件渗漏作用的探讨[J].发现与探讨,2005
[6]令军科.激冷型碲涂料的应用[J].造型材料,2004
[7]吴世云.水基碲粉涂料在康明斯6BT缸体铸件上的应用[J].铸造技术,2004
[8]刘英俊.元素地球化学[M].北京:科学教育出版社,1984
[9]谢明辉,王兴明.碲的资源、用途与提取分离技术研究现状[J].四川有色金属,2005,1(2):5-8
[10]王智平,苏义祥.合金粉末的研究与发展[J].铸造,2004,7(6):415-418
[11]黄伯云,易健宏.现代粉末冶金材料和技术发展现状(二) [J].上海金属,2007
[12] Yuanyuan Li, Tungwai Leo Ngai, Datung Zhang, etal. Elements inter-diffusion in the turning of wear-resistance aluminum bronze[J].Journal of University of Science and Technology Beijing,2002,9(6):461-465
[13] Ji Wei. Effect of RE on cast structure and properties of high manganese aluminum bronze[J].Journal of Rare Eart hs,1996,14(1):36-40
[14] D.Toma,W.Brandl,GMarginean.Wear and corrosion behaviour thermalsprayed cermet coatings.Surface and Coatings Technology,2001,138:149-158
[15] Z.Shi,A.Bloyce,Y.Sun,et a1.Influence of surface melting on dry rolling sliding wear of aluminum bronze against steel[J].Wear,1 996,V01.1 93:300-306
[16] C.Navas,R.Colaco,J.de Damborenea,et a1.Abrasive wear behaviour of laser clad and flame sprayed-melted NiCrB Si coatings[J].Surface&Coatings. Technology,2006,200:6854·6862
[17] M.EPanche,H.Liao,B.Normand,et a1.Relationship between NiCrB Si particle characteristics and corresponding coating properties using different thermal spraying processing[J].Surface and Coatings Technology, 2005,200:
[18] Hui Wang.A study on abrasive wear on Ni-based coatings with a WC hard phase[J].weal 1 996,195
[19]朱润生.自熔性合金粉末的研究[J].粉末冶金工业.2000,10(2)7-14
[20]唐英,邸宝永,杨杰.自熔性合金粉末冶炼工艺探讨[J].天津工业学院学报.2001,248-49
[21]韩德伟,张建新.金相试样制备与显示技术[M].长沙:中南大学出版社,2005.5
[22]徐滨仕.表面工程与热喷涂技术及其发展[J].中国表面工程,1998,1:3-10
[23]俞国珍.高耐磨自熔合金粉末Ni65的性能及应用[J].上海金属,2003
[24]贾文.表面热喷涂技术的发展与应用[J].昆明冶金高等专科学校学报,2003
[25]唐英,王云山等.激光熔敷镍基自熔性合金粉末的研制[J].天津工业大学学报,2003,22(5):52-55
[26]朱润生.Ni60自熔合金粉末的研究[J].粉末冶金工业.2002,12(6),7-16
[27]江镇海.耐腐蚀、耐高温镍基合金MAT21[J].化工装备技术,2000,21(4):17
[28]徐滨仕.表面工程[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2000.6
[29]蔡挺.热喷涂技术的现状和应用[J].广东有色金属学报,1999,l:56-63
[30] J.Q.Guo, N.S.Kazama. Mechanical properties of rapidly solidified Al-Ti-Fe,Al-Cu-Fe and Al-Fe-Cu-Ti based alloys extruded from their atomized powders [J]. Sendai Institute of materials Science and Technology
[31] Pashinkin,A.s.Pavlova,L.M.Standard Functions of FormationThermodynamic Stability of Compounds in the Cu-Te System.Inorganic Materials.2005,41(10): 1050-1054
[32] Kim YJ . Characterization of the oxide film formed on type 316 stainless steel in 288°C water in cyclic normal and hydrogen water chemistries [J] . Corrosion , 1995 ,5 (11) :849～860
[33] Angeliu T M ,Paraventl D J , Was G S. Creep and intergranular cracking behavior of nickel-chromium-iron-car-bon alloys in 360°C water [J]. Corrosion ,1995 ,51 (11) :837～848
[34] Susumu Uozato,Kazuhiro Nakata,Masao Ushio.Evaluation of ferrus powder thermal spray coatings on diesel engine cylinder bores[J].Surface and Coatings Technology,2005,200:2580-2586
[35] Tae-Dong Park, Dae-Young Kim, Joong-Geun Youn. A study on factors Determining Tensileproperties of Ni-Al bronze casting [J].AFS Transactions, 2001,109:697-702.
[36] R.Molins,B.Normand,GRannou,et a1.Interlamellar boundary characterizationin Ni.based alloy thermally sprayed coating[J].Materials Science andEngineering,2003,A35 :325-333
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