VANETs多路径路由协议通信性能研究
摘要
近些年在车辆自组织网络中,对复杂的车辆运动进行建模及分析在环境因素影响下路由协议的通信性能是一项富有挑战性的工作。本文通过背景调研,了解车辆自组织网络及其特点,对国内外车辆自组织网络研究工作现状做了比较详细的说明与分析,确定了本文的研究方向。首先分析了单路径路由协议的原理,然后根据单路径路由协议的类型分别对表驱动和按需路由协议在车辆自组织网络中的应用做出了介绍。
随着车辆自组织网络的发展,传统的单路径路由协议在大数据量和实时性方面的不足性越来越明显。本文在自组织网络按需距离矢量(Ad Hoc on-demand Vector, AODV)路由协议的基础上,通过改进其部分功能模块,提出了一种增强型自组织网络按需距离矢量(Enhanced Ad Hoc on-demand Vector, EAODV)路由协议,该路由协议以跳数作为选择路径的标准,在源节点和目的节点之间建立多条路径。为了更好地对提出的改进路由协议的性能做评判,我们讨论了车辆速度、移动模型及车辆密度等影响因子。更为直观地表现出协议的性能,本文通过仿真平台NS2对单路径路由协议AODV和提出的多路径路由协议EAODV进行的仿真实验,在设定的十字路口移动模型中,研究它们在不同影响因子下的吞吐量、时延及丢包率。本文的研究工作可以为车辆自组织网络提供科学依据。
Modeling complicated vehicular traffic behavior and analyzing effects on the communication performance of routing protocols taken by environmental factors in VANETs is a challenging task in the past several years. In this paper, we study the background, understanding VANETs and its characteristics, giving a detailed explanation and analysis about VANETs' research in both domestic and foreign, determining the direction of this paper. Firstly we analyze principle of single-path routing protocols, then respectively introducing the table-driven and on-demand routing protocols'application in VANETs based on type of single-path routing protocols.
With the development of VANETs, the shortcoming of traditional single-path routing protocols is more and more obvious in aspect of large data and real-time. Based on AODV routing protocol, we improve its functional modules, proposing an Enhanced Ad Hoc on-demand Vector routing protocol, and this routing protocol chooses hop count as metric of choosing path, building multiple paths between source and destination. To better evaluate the proposed routing protocol, we take vehicle's speed, mobility module, vehicle's density into consideration. To more intuitively demonstrate performance of the proposed routing protocol, we do simulation experiments on single-path routing protocol AODV and the proposed routing protocol EAODV through platform NS2, in the mobility model of crossroad, studying throughput, delay and packet loss ratio under the effect of different factors. The result of this paper can provide theoretical basis for future study of VANETs.
随着车辆自组织网络的发展,传统的单路径路由协议在大数据量和实时性方面的不足性越来越明显。本文在自组织网络按需距离矢量(Ad Hoc on-demand Vector, AODV)路由协议的基础上,通过改进其部分功能模块,提出了一种增强型自组织网络按需距离矢量(Enhanced Ad Hoc on-demand Vector, EAODV)路由协议,该路由协议以跳数作为选择路径的标准,在源节点和目的节点之间建立多条路径。为了更好地对提出的改进路由协议的性能做评判,我们讨论了车辆速度、移动模型及车辆密度等影响因子。更为直观地表现出协议的性能,本文通过仿真平台NS2对单路径路由协议AODV和提出的多路径路由协议EAODV进行的仿真实验,在设定的十字路口移动模型中,研究它们在不同影响因子下的吞吐量、时延及丢包率。本文的研究工作可以为车辆自组织网络提供科学依据。
Modeling complicated vehicular traffic behavior and analyzing effects on the communication performance of routing protocols taken by environmental factors in VANETs is a challenging task in the past several years. In this paper, we study the background, understanding VANETs and its characteristics, giving a detailed explanation and analysis about VANETs' research in both domestic and foreign, determining the direction of this paper. Firstly we analyze principle of single-path routing protocols, then respectively introducing the table-driven and on-demand routing protocols'application in VANETs based on type of single-path routing protocols.
With the development of VANETs, the shortcoming of traditional single-path routing protocols is more and more obvious in aspect of large data and real-time. Based on AODV routing protocol, we improve its functional modules, proposing an Enhanced Ad Hoc on-demand Vector routing protocol, and this routing protocol chooses hop count as metric of choosing path, building multiple paths between source and destination. To better evaluate the proposed routing protocol, we take vehicle's speed, mobility module, vehicle's density into consideration. To more intuitively demonstrate performance of the proposed routing protocol, we do simulation experiments on single-path routing protocol AODV and the proposed routing protocol EAODV through platform NS2, in the mobility model of crossroad, studying throughput, delay and packet loss ratio under the effect of different factors. The result of this paper can provide theoretical basis for future study of VANETs.
引文
[1]M.Haenggi and D.Puccinelli. Routing in ad hoc networks:A case for long hops[J]. IEEE Communication Magazine, Otc.2005, Vol.43 No.10, PP.93-101.
[2]Xiaoxia Huang and Yuguang Fang. Performance Study of Node-Disjoint Multipath Routing in Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks[J]. IEEE Transaction on vehicular technology, May 2009, Vol.58 No.4, PP.1942-1950.
[3]I.F.Diaz, D.Epema, and J.Jongh. Multipath routing and multiple description coding in ad-hoc networks:A simulation study[C]. Wireless and Computing, Otc.2004, PP.1-6.
[4]http://www.sevecom.org/
[5]M.Kafsi, P.Papadimitratos, O.Dousse, T.Alpcan and J.P.Hubaux. VANET Conectivity Analysis[C]. IEEE Workshop on Automotive Networking and Applications, Dec.2008, PP.23-28.
[6]Elmar schoch, Frank Kargl, Tim Leinmuller and Michael Weber. Communication Patterns in VANETs[J]. IEEE Communication Magazine, Nov.2008, Vol.46, No.11, PP.100-109.
[7]P.Ardelean and P.Papadimitratos. Secure and Privacy-Enhancing Vehicular Communication[C]. IEEE Sysposium on Wireless Vehicular Communications, Sep.2008, PP.34-39.
[8]http://www.safespot-eu.org/
[9]http://www.watchover-eu.org/
[10]Shafinaz Buruhanudeen, Modamed Othman, Mazliza Othman, Borhanuddin Mohd. Existing MANET Routing Protocols and Mettics used Towards the Efficiency and Reliability:An Overview[C]. ICT_MICC, May 2007, PP.231-236.
[11]Fan Li, Yu Wang. Routing in vehicular ad hoc networks:A survey[J]. IEEE Vehicular Technology Magazine, June 2007,Vol.2, PP.12-22.
[12]郑相全.无线自组网技术实用教程[M].北京：清华大学出版社,2004：150-152.
[13]郑少仁,王海涛,赵志峰,米志超,黎宁Ad Hoc网络技术[M].北京：人民邮电出版社,2005：66-69.
[14]W.Viriyasitavat, Fan Bai,O.K.Tonguz. Toword end-to-end control in VANETs[C]. Vehicular Networking Conference, Nov.2011,PP.78-85.
[15]B.Vidhale, S.S.Dorle.Performance Analysis of Routing Protocols in Realistic Environment for Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks[C]. IEEE conference on Systems Engineering, Aug.2011, PP.267-272.
[16]R.Nakamura, T.Kitasuka, T.Itokawa, M.Aritsugi. An evaluation of routing protocols with probalilistic relay in VANETs[C].IEEE conference on TENCON,Nov.2011,PP.187-191.
[17]Seungbae Lee, Auburn Univ. Reliability and performance of IEEE802.11n for vehicle networks with multiple nodes[C]. IEEE conference on Computing, Networking and Communications, Feb.2012, PP.252-256.
[18]J.Toutouch, J.Garcia,E.Alba. Intelligent OLSR Routing Protocol Optimization for VANETs[J]. IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, Mar.2012, PP.1-1.
[19]P.Rani, N.Sharma, P.K.Singh. Performance Comparison of VANET Routing Protocols[C]. IEEE conference on Wireless Communications, Networking and Mobile Computing. Sep.2011,PP.1-4.
[20]V.Cabrera, F.J.Ros,P.M.Ruiz. Simulation-Based Study of Common Issues in VANET Routing Protocols[C]. Vehicular Technology Conference, Apr.2009, PP.1-5.
[21]Sun Xi, Xia-Miao Li. Study of the feasibility of VANET and its Routing protocols[C]. Wireless Communications, Networking and Mobile Computing, Otc.2008, PP.1-4.
[22]Jing Zuo, Yuhao Wang, Yuan Liu, Yan Zhang. Performance Evaluation of Routing Protocol in VANET with Vehicle-Node Density[C]. Wireless Communications Networking and Mobile Computing, Sep.2010, PP.1-4.
[23]C.A.T.H.Tee, A.Lee. A novel routing protocol-Junction based Adaptive Reactive Routing(JARR) for VANET in city environments[C]. Wireless Conference, Apr.2010, PP.1-6.
[24]O.Abedi, R.Berangi, M.A.Azgomi. Improving Route Stability and Overhead on AODV Routing Protocol and Make it Usable for VANET[C]. IEEE International conference on Distributed Computing Systems Workshops, June 2009, PP.464-467.
[25]P.Fazio, F.De Rango, C.Sottile, P.Manzoni, C.Calafate. A distance vector routing protocol for VANET environment with Dynamic Frequency assignment[C]. IEEE International Conference on Wireless Communications and Networking Conference, March 2011, PP. 1016-1020.
[26]石柳.移动Ad Hoc网络中多路径路由协议的研究[D].南京邮电大学,2009.
[27]魏汝峰.移动Ad Hoc网络中多路径QoS路由协议的研究[D].南京邮电大学,2010.
[28]吴博Ad Hoc网络中节点不相交多路径路由协议的研究[D].华中科技大学,2007.
[29]谢珊珊,白光伟MTAODV:一种新的高速公路场景下VANET路由协议[J].微电子学与计算机,2011,Vol.28,No.4,PP.34-41.
[30]O.Abedi, M.Fathy, J.Taghiloo. Enhancing AODV routing protocol using mobility parameters in VANET[C]. IEEE International Conference on Computer Systems and Applications, Apr.2008, PP.229-235.
[31]E.Spaho, L.Barolli, G.Mino, F.Xhafa, V.Kolici. VANET Simulations:A Survey on Mobility and Routing Protocols[C]. Broadband and Wireless Computing, Communication and Applications, Oct.2011, PP.1-10.
[32]Wenjing Wang, Fei Xie, M.Chatterjee. TOPO:Routing in Large Scale Vehicular Networks [C]. IEEE International Conference on Vehicular Tehnology Conference, Oct.2007, PP. 2106-2110.
[33]Gongjun Yan, N.Mitton, Xu li.Reliable Routing in Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks[C]. IEEE International Conference on Distributed Computing Systems Workshops, June 2010, PP.263-269.
[34]S.A.Arzil, M.H.Aghdam, M.A.J.Jamali. Adaptive routing protocol for VANETs in city environments using real-time traffic information[C]. Information Networking and Automation,Oct.2010, Vol.2,PP.132-136.
[35]Qing Yang, A.Lim, P.Agrawal. Connectivity Aware Routing in Vehicular Networks[C]. IEEE International Conference on Wireless Communications and Networking Conference, Arp. 2008, PP.2218-2223.
[36]Arzil,Saeid Ahmadi, Aghdam. Adaptive Vehicle traces Routing for Vehicular Ad-Hoc Network[C]. IEEE International Conference on Computer and Information Science, May 2011.PP.42-47.
[37]Ben Ding, Zehua Chen, Yan Wang.Hui Yu. An improved AODV routing protocol for VANETs[C]. Wireless Communications and Signal Processing, Nov.2011, PP.1-5.
[38]Naansheng Liu, Huihuan Qian, Jingyu Yan, Yangsheng Xu. Performance analysis of routing protocols for vehicle safety communications on the freeway[C]. Anti-counterfeiting, Security and Identification in Communication, Aug.2009, PP.85-88.
[39]Wenjing Wang, Fei xie, M.Chatterjee. Small-Scale and Large-Scale Routing in Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks[J]. IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, Nov.2009, Vol.58, No.9, PP.5200-5213.
[40]N.Wisitpongphan, Fan Bai, P.Mudalige, VSadekar,O.Tonguz. Routing in Sparse Vehicular Ad Hoc Wireless Networks[J]. IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications,Oct.2007, Vol.25,No.8, PP.1538-1556.
[41]M.Zhang, R.Wolff. Routing protocols for vehicular Ad Hoc networks in rural areas[J], IEEE Communications Magazine, Nov.2008, Vol.46, No.11, PP.126-131.
[42]王金龙,王呈贵,吴启晖,龚玉萍[M].北京：国防工业出版社,2004：69-128.
[43]陈林星,曾曦,曹毅[M].J匕京：电子工业出版社,2006：143-303.
[44]Baolin Sun, Chao Gui, Qifei Zhang, Bing Yan, Wei Liu.A Multipath On-Demand Routing with Path Selection Entropy for Ad Hoc Networks[C]. Young Computer Scientists, Nov.2008, PP.558-563.
[45]Shiwen Mao, Shunan Lin, Yao Wang, S.S.Panwar, Yihan Li. Multipath video transport over ad hoc networks[J]. IEEE Wireless Communications, Aug.2005, Vol.12, No.4, PP.42-49.
[46]Shiwen Mao, Shunan Lin, S.S.Panwar, Yao wang,E. Celebi. Video transport over ad hoc networks:multistream coding with multipath transport[J]. IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, Dec.2003, Vol.21, No.10, PP.1721-1737.
[47]M.K.Marina, S.R.Das. On-demand multipath distance vector routing in ad hoc networks[C]. Network protocols, Nov.2001, PP.14-23.
[48]Fubao Yang, Baolin Sun. Ad hoc on-demand distance vector multipath routing protocol with path selection entropy[C]. Consumer Electronics, Communications and Networks. Apr.2011, PP.4715-4718.
[49]Yuhua Yuan, HuiMin Chen,Min Jia. An Optimized Ad-hoc On-demand Multipath Distance Vector(AOMDV) Routing Protocol[C]. Communications, Oct.2005, PP.569-573.
[50]Jinglun Shi, Zhang Ling, Shoubin Dong,Zhou Jie. A stability-based multipath routing algorithm for ad hoc networks[C]. IEEE Proceedings on Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications, Sep.2003, Vol.1, PP.516-520.
[51]张国庆,慕德俊,洪亮,许钟.城市场景下VANET路由协议大规模仿真研究[J].计算机仿真,2009,Vol.26,No.8,PP.249-252.
[52]刘江永,张洋祥,韩鹏.不同场景中VANET路由协议的仿真研究[J].计算机工程与应用,2009,Vol.45,No.18,PP.101-103.
[2]Xiaoxia Huang and Yuguang Fang. Performance Study of Node-Disjoint Multipath Routing in Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks[J]. IEEE Transaction on vehicular technology, May 2009, Vol.58 No.4, PP.1942-1950.
[3]I.F.Diaz, D.Epema, and J.Jongh. Multipath routing and multiple description coding in ad-hoc networks:A simulation study[C]. Wireless and Computing, Otc.2004, PP.1-6.
[4]http://www.sevecom.org/
[5]M.Kafsi, P.Papadimitratos, O.Dousse, T.Alpcan and J.P.Hubaux. VANET Conectivity Analysis[C]. IEEE Workshop on Automotive Networking and Applications, Dec.2008, PP.23-28.
[6]Elmar schoch, Frank Kargl, Tim Leinmuller and Michael Weber. Communication Patterns in VANETs[J]. IEEE Communication Magazine, Nov.2008, Vol.46, No.11, PP.100-109.
[7]P.Ardelean and P.Papadimitratos. Secure and Privacy-Enhancing Vehicular Communication[C]. IEEE Sysposium on Wireless Vehicular Communications, Sep.2008, PP.34-39.
[8]http://www.safespot-eu.org/
[9]http://www.watchover-eu.org/
[10]Shafinaz Buruhanudeen, Modamed Othman, Mazliza Othman, Borhanuddin Mohd. Existing MANET Routing Protocols and Mettics used Towards the Efficiency and Reliability:An Overview[C]. ICT_MICC, May 2007, PP.231-236.
[11]Fan Li, Yu Wang. Routing in vehicular ad hoc networks:A survey[J]. IEEE Vehicular Technology Magazine, June 2007,Vol.2, PP.12-22.
[12]郑相全.无线自组网技术实用教程[M].北京：清华大学出版社,2004：150-152.
[13]郑少仁,王海涛,赵志峰,米志超,黎宁Ad Hoc网络技术[M].北京：人民邮电出版社,2005：66-69.
[14]W.Viriyasitavat, Fan Bai,O.K.Tonguz. Toword end-to-end control in VANETs[C]. Vehicular Networking Conference, Nov.2011,PP.78-85.
[15]B.Vidhale, S.S.Dorle.Performance Analysis of Routing Protocols in Realistic Environment for Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks[C]. IEEE conference on Systems Engineering, Aug.2011, PP.267-272.
[16]R.Nakamura, T.Kitasuka, T.Itokawa, M.Aritsugi. An evaluation of routing protocols with probalilistic relay in VANETs[C].IEEE conference on TENCON,Nov.2011,PP.187-191.
[17]Seungbae Lee, Auburn Univ. Reliability and performance of IEEE802.11n for vehicle networks with multiple nodes[C]. IEEE conference on Computing, Networking and Communications, Feb.2012, PP.252-256.
[18]J.Toutouch, J.Garcia,E.Alba. Intelligent OLSR Routing Protocol Optimization for VANETs[J]. IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, Mar.2012, PP.1-1.
[19]P.Rani, N.Sharma, P.K.Singh. Performance Comparison of VANET Routing Protocols[C]. IEEE conference on Wireless Communications, Networking and Mobile Computing. Sep.2011,PP.1-4.
[20]V.Cabrera, F.J.Ros,P.M.Ruiz. Simulation-Based Study of Common Issues in VANET Routing Protocols[C]. Vehicular Technology Conference, Apr.2009, PP.1-5.
[21]Sun Xi, Xia-Miao Li. Study of the feasibility of VANET and its Routing protocols[C]. Wireless Communications, Networking and Mobile Computing, Otc.2008, PP.1-4.
[22]Jing Zuo, Yuhao Wang, Yuan Liu, Yan Zhang. Performance Evaluation of Routing Protocol in VANET with Vehicle-Node Density[C]. Wireless Communications Networking and Mobile Computing, Sep.2010, PP.1-4.
[23]C.A.T.H.Tee, A.Lee. A novel routing protocol-Junction based Adaptive Reactive Routing(JARR) for VANET in city environments[C]. Wireless Conference, Apr.2010, PP.1-6.
[24]O.Abedi, R.Berangi, M.A.Azgomi. Improving Route Stability and Overhead on AODV Routing Protocol and Make it Usable for VANET[C]. IEEE International conference on Distributed Computing Systems Workshops, June 2009, PP.464-467.
[25]P.Fazio, F.De Rango, C.Sottile, P.Manzoni, C.Calafate. A distance vector routing protocol for VANET environment with Dynamic Frequency assignment[C]. IEEE International Conference on Wireless Communications and Networking Conference, March 2011, PP. 1016-1020.
[26]石柳.移动Ad Hoc网络中多路径路由协议的研究[D].南京邮电大学,2009.
[27]魏汝峰.移动Ad Hoc网络中多路径QoS路由协议的研究[D].南京邮电大学,2010.
[28]吴博Ad Hoc网络中节点不相交多路径路由协议的研究[D].华中科技大学,2007.
[29]谢珊珊,白光伟MTAODV:一种新的高速公路场景下VANET路由协议[J].微电子学与计算机,2011,Vol.28,No.4,PP.34-41.
[30]O.Abedi, M.Fathy, J.Taghiloo. Enhancing AODV routing protocol using mobility parameters in VANET[C]. IEEE International Conference on Computer Systems and Applications, Apr.2008, PP.229-235.
[31]E.Spaho, L.Barolli, G.Mino, F.Xhafa, V.Kolici. VANET Simulations:A Survey on Mobility and Routing Protocols[C]. Broadband and Wireless Computing, Communication and Applications, Oct.2011, PP.1-10.
[32]Wenjing Wang, Fei Xie, M.Chatterjee. TOPO:Routing in Large Scale Vehicular Networks [C]. IEEE International Conference on Vehicular Tehnology Conference, Oct.2007, PP. 2106-2110.
[33]Gongjun Yan, N.Mitton, Xu li.Reliable Routing in Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks[C]. IEEE International Conference on Distributed Computing Systems Workshops, June 2010, PP.263-269.
[34]S.A.Arzil, M.H.Aghdam, M.A.J.Jamali. Adaptive routing protocol for VANETs in city environments using real-time traffic information[C]. Information Networking and Automation,Oct.2010, Vol.2,PP.132-136.
[35]Qing Yang, A.Lim, P.Agrawal. Connectivity Aware Routing in Vehicular Networks[C]. IEEE International Conference on Wireless Communications and Networking Conference, Arp. 2008, PP.2218-2223.
[36]Arzil,Saeid Ahmadi, Aghdam. Adaptive Vehicle traces Routing for Vehicular Ad-Hoc Network[C]. IEEE International Conference on Computer and Information Science, May 2011.PP.42-47.
[37]Ben Ding, Zehua Chen, Yan Wang.Hui Yu. An improved AODV routing protocol for VANETs[C]. Wireless Communications and Signal Processing, Nov.2011, PP.1-5.
[38]Naansheng Liu, Huihuan Qian, Jingyu Yan, Yangsheng Xu. Performance analysis of routing protocols for vehicle safety communications on the freeway[C]. Anti-counterfeiting, Security and Identification in Communication, Aug.2009, PP.85-88.
[39]Wenjing Wang, Fei xie, M.Chatterjee. Small-Scale and Large-Scale Routing in Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks[J]. IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, Nov.2009, Vol.58, No.9, PP.5200-5213.
[40]N.Wisitpongphan, Fan Bai, P.Mudalige, VSadekar,O.Tonguz. Routing in Sparse Vehicular Ad Hoc Wireless Networks[J]. IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications,Oct.2007, Vol.25,No.8, PP.1538-1556.
[41]M.Zhang, R.Wolff. Routing protocols for vehicular Ad Hoc networks in rural areas[J], IEEE Communications Magazine, Nov.2008, Vol.46, No.11, PP.126-131.
[42]王金龙,王呈贵,吴启晖,龚玉萍[M].北京：国防工业出版社,2004：69-128.
[43]陈林星,曾曦,曹毅[M].J匕京：电子工业出版社,2006：143-303.
[44]Baolin Sun, Chao Gui, Qifei Zhang, Bing Yan, Wei Liu.A Multipath On-Demand Routing with Path Selection Entropy for Ad Hoc Networks[C]. Young Computer Scientists, Nov.2008, PP.558-563.
[45]Shiwen Mao, Shunan Lin, Yao Wang, S.S.Panwar, Yihan Li. Multipath video transport over ad hoc networks[J]. IEEE Wireless Communications, Aug.2005, Vol.12, No.4, PP.42-49.
[46]Shiwen Mao, Shunan Lin, S.S.Panwar, Yao wang,E. Celebi. Video transport over ad hoc networks:multistream coding with multipath transport[J]. IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, Dec.2003, Vol.21, No.10, PP.1721-1737.
[47]M.K.Marina, S.R.Das. On-demand multipath distance vector routing in ad hoc networks[C]. Network protocols, Nov.2001, PP.14-23.
[48]Fubao Yang, Baolin Sun. Ad hoc on-demand distance vector multipath routing protocol with path selection entropy[C]. Consumer Electronics, Communications and Networks. Apr.2011, PP.4715-4718.
[49]Yuhua Yuan, HuiMin Chen,Min Jia. An Optimized Ad-hoc On-demand Multipath Distance Vector(AOMDV) Routing Protocol[C]. Communications, Oct.2005, PP.569-573.
[50]Jinglun Shi, Zhang Ling, Shoubin Dong,Zhou Jie. A stability-based multipath routing algorithm for ad hoc networks[C]. IEEE Proceedings on Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications, Sep.2003, Vol.1, PP.516-520.
[51]张国庆,慕德俊,洪亮,许钟.城市场景下VANET路由协议大规模仿真研究[J].计算机仿真,2009,Vol.26,No.8,PP.249-252.
[52]刘江永,张洋祥,韩鹏.不同场景中VANET路由协议的仿真研究[J].计算机工程与应用,2009,Vol.45,No.18,PP.101-103.