秦岭商—丹构造带镁铁质、超镁铁质岩体研究及其地质意义
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摘要
秦岭商-丹构造带是秦岭造山带的主缝合带,研究该带对于恢复秦岭造山带的形成及演化,以及如何理解扬子、华北两大板块的相互作用具有重要意义。本项研究选择出露于北秦岭南缘、商-丹构造带沿线三个著名的镁铁质-超镁铁质岩体,即松树沟超镁铁质岩体,拉鸡庙杂岩体和四方台镁铁质、超镁铁质杂岩体为研究对象,在野外地质调查的基础上,通过岩石学、地球化学、PGE(铂族元素)、LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年和~(40)Ar-~(39)Ar年代学等研究工作,探讨各岩体岩石成因、演化机制和年代学信息,进而为探讨秦岭造山带的构造演化以及扬子、华北两大陆块的相互作用模式提供岩石成因和年代学证据。主要取得以下主要进展:
1.地球化学和PGE研究表明,松树沟纯橄榄岩体是形成于壳-幔过渡带的渗滤成因纯橄榄岩体,代表大洋岩石圈残片。主要证据:(1)地球化学特征显示微量元素整体上明显亏损,不相容元素(从Rb到Nb)和LREE相对HREE富集;纯橄榄岩的PGE含量明显低于方辉橄榄岩;(2)利用LA-ICP-MS方法对纯橄榄岩到方辉橄榄岩过渡带橄榄石斑晶进行稀土元素分析。分析结果显示,纯橄榄岩中橄榄石斑晶的稀土元素含量明显高于方辉橄榄岩中的橄榄石斑晶。与0man典型蛇绿岩的地幔橄榄岩对比研究,笔者认为该岩体是经过熔体渗滤过程形成的纯橄榄岩体。松树沟超镁铁质岩体是蛇绿岩套的重要组成部分。
2.对松树沟超镁铁质岩体的接触变质带(主为榴闪岩)及围岩(主为斜长角闪岩)进行了研究,确定围岩并不属于蛇绿岩的组成部分。主要证据有:(1)接触变质带变质成因锆石定年结果为506±7.4Ma(LA-ICP-MS法),且锆石中包裹体的成分为长石,表明斜长角闪岩在岩体侵位前就存在了,已有研究证实斜长角闪岩原岩形成年龄为973Ma(Liu et al.,2004)。(2)锆石稀土元素分析表明,多数锆石稀土元素含量较低且配分模式一致,基本不具有Eu异常;仅发现一粒锆石的稀土整体上明显具有富集特征,且具有明显Eu负异常,表明这粒锆石形成于石榴子石出现之前,其它锆石则可能形成于石榴子石出现之后。说明围岩在超镁铁质岩体侵位之前就存在了。(3)松树沟超镁铁质岩体变形简单,而围岩变形复杂,其变质变形特点更接近于秦岭群变质杂岩。
3.松树沟超镁铁质岩体接触变质带岩石地球化学研究。沿垂直接触变质带方向,对14个榴闪岩和斜长角闪岩进行了主、微量元素分析。样品主量元素含量稳定。而稀土元素含量从接触带内侧到外侧逐步升高,表明松树沟岩体在“热”侵位过程中,大洋岩石圈地幔流体对围岩进行了强烈改造,使围岩稀土部分丢失。近年来对大洋深海钻探深部所得的强变质改造的岩块研究证实,由于地幔流体对岩石的改造,稀土元素出现了明显丢失(Sparks et al.,1995;Bach et al.,1996,1998)。
4.沿松树沟超镁铁质岩体接触变质带垂直接触带的方向,对采集的四个样品(最外侧一个是斜长角闪岩,其它均为榴闪岩)进行了角闪石~(40)Ar-~(39)Ar年代学研究,由内到外,年龄分别为:逐渐变大。其中最靠近岩体的样品约370Ma,跟侵位时代之间相差约130Ma,表明超镁铁质岩体侵位后经历了缓慢的冷却过程,有可能是岩体侵位后,并没有立即出现真正意义上的地表抬升。
5.拉鸡庙辉长岩体具有LREE富集特征,低TiO2含量(通常小于0.5%),A/CKN值普遍大于1.1,显示拉鸡庙岩体具有下地壳岩石的特征,Nb和Nb/Ta的极度亏损也证实了这一点。拉鸡庙岩体表现出Nb、Ta、Zr、Hf、Ti相对亏损,同时Nb/Ta-Lu/Hf没有相关性,Nb/Ta-Zr/Hf具有很好的正相关性,说明在成岩过程中,没有受流体影响,而主要是受部分熔融控制的。而且拉鸡庙岩体的Nb极度亏损,Nb/Ta最大值也小于平均地壳比值,显然不存在大量壳-幔物质交换的可能。我们初步研究认为,拉鸡庙岩体是秦岭洋闭和板块碰撞以后,俯冲板片断离,扰动软流圈,引发下地壳部分熔融,导致下地壳与软流圈物质共熔,生成这种具有下地壳岩浆特征的辉长岩和苏长辉长岩。普遍的Eu的正异常,是长石结晶造成的,表明该岩体成岩过程中受到堆晶作用影响。
6.通过对拉鸡庙辉长岩体中占主体的辉长岩中锆石进行LA-ICP-MS微区U-Pb同位素测定,结合锆石CL图像获得422±6.8Ma的成岩年龄,和973±60Ma的捕获锆石年龄。考虑到拉鸡庙岩体成因具有壳源特征,该成岩年龄代表该地区商丹洋闭合的下限。973±60Ma(9个点在898Ma-1083Ma之间)的捕获锆石年龄,指示了与Grenvillian(～1.3-1.0Ga)(Dalziel,1991;Hoffman,1991;Moores 1991;Keppie,2001)造山带时代基本一致的早期构造事件。
7.地球化学研究表明,四方台杂岩体各种组成岩石的平均SiO_2含量在45%-54%之间,在AFM图中则显示出钙碱性系列和拉斑系列共存的特征。全岩地球化学特征与普通幔源岩相比富集REE,尤其富集LREE,具有明显的Rb、Th、Nb、P、Zr的负异常和Ba、Pb、K、Sm的正异常。辉长岩是该岩体的主体,灰黑色,中粒,地球化学特征显示其经历壳-幔物质交换。与典型岛弧辉长岩对比研究,具有Rb、Th的负异常,结合特殊的岩石组合和紧邻商-丹断裂的地质特征,认为四方台镁铁-超镁铁质杂岩体,可能是沿商-丹带发生俯冲板块断离或者山根拆沉,扰动软流圈,发生下地壳部分熔融和壳-幔物质交换形成的。普遍的Eu正异常表明成岩过程中受到斜长石堆晶作用的影响。
8.对四方台杂岩体中辉长岩锆石进行LA-ICP-MS微区定年研究,获得岩体的成岩时代为460±29Ma.获得的32个测点可明显的分为4个时段,即:(1)400-500Ma(n=4);(2)700-900Ma(n=2);(3)1800-2600Ma(n=20);(4)2700-2918Ma(n=4)。可能分别代表了北秦岭造山带不同地质时期的构造-岩浆事件的时代信息。其中400-500Ma与北秦岭地区表现强烈的加里东运动时限一致,而700-900Ma则可能与830～740Ma中国中西部地区响应积极的造成Rodinia超大陆裂解的地幔柱(Li et al.,2003)活动有关。
9.出露于北秦岭南缘商丹构造带内的三个镁铁质-超镁铁质岩体研究表明:(1)松树沟超镁铁质岩体代表俯冲的大洋岩石圈残片,由于该岩体长轴方向与商-丹断裂有20-30°的夹角,表明早期大洋的俯冲是北北东向的,侵位年龄为～500-510Ma;(2)拉鸡庙杂岩体成岩年龄为～422Ma,其西边的四方台杂岩体成岩时代为～460Ma,也代表了各自地区商丹洋的闭合时限。(3)近年来对出露于商丹构造带西段的天水关子镇镁铁、超镁铁质岩体定年结果发现,在“古岛弧成因的下海子辉长岩”中获得锆石SHRIMP年龄为489±10Ma(李曙光等,2006),董云鹏等(2006)在关子镇辉长岩中获得的LA-ICP-MS锆石年龄为475±4.6Ma.表明关子镇蛇绿岩代表的洋壳在早奥陶世发生俯冲作用。因此,本次研究的3个镁铁质-超镁铁质岩体,以及天水关子镇岩体,共同记录了古生代从商丹洋的俯冲到陆-陆碰撞过程。综合以上从西——东几个商丹构造带内镁铁质、超镁铁质杂岩的定年结果,显然,秦岭洋闭合导致的(华北)陆-陆(扬子)碰撞,是先在西部发生的,而在东部发生的较晚。这一点很好的解释了为什么高压-超高压变质作用,北秦岭主要集中在～400-500Ma,而苏鲁-大别则主要集中在～230Ma.
The Shang-Dan fault was suggested to be a main suture of the Qinling orogenic belt.It's of critical importance for resuming the formation and evolution of the Qinling orogenic belt and understanding the interaction between the North china and Yangtze blocks.On the basis of field investigations,three mafic ang ultramafic rocks, such as the Songshugou ultramafic massif,the Lajimiao gabbros and the Sifangtai complex,were selected for comprehensive studies on petrology,geochemistry,PGE, LA-ICP-MS zircon dating and ~(40)Ar-~(39)Ar dating.These studies play important roles in discussing petrogenesis,evolution and geochronology,moreover,speculating on evolution of the Qinling orogenic belt and interacting model of the North China and Yangtze blocks.Some achieves are as following:
1.Characteristics of geochemistry and PGE(platinum group element)of Songhugou ultramafic massif show it forms through melt percolate flow at the crust-mantle transition zone,and is oceanic lithospheric fragment.Main evidences such as:(1)The whole rock concentrations of trace elements are depleted,and highly incompatible elements(Rb to Nb)and LREE relative to HREE are enrichment.(2) In-situ analyses for olivine grains of a transition from dunite to harzburgite in the Songshugou ultramafic massif through LA-ICPMS,show compositional variations. REE are higher in dunite than in harzburgite.In comparison with Oman ophiolite,we propose that the Songshugou dunite is a product of reaction of harzburgite with melt through porous percolation flow.Songshugou Ulatramafic massif is a part of ophiolite.
2.Studies of contact metamorphic zone(mainly are garnet amphibolite)and rock wall(mainly are amphibolite),confirmed they are not parts of ophiolite.Zircon from garnet amphibolite yielded a metamporphic age of 506±7.4Ma(LA-ICP-MS),and inclusions in the zircon are plagioclase,these studies show the amphibolite formed earlier than the intruding of the Songshugou ultramafic massif.At the same time, analysis of REE of zircon for dating show,most zircon with lower REE and consistent REE patterns,without Eu anomaly,one zircon with higher REE and Eu negative anomaly,these indicate that the zircon formed earlier than garnet,while others formed posterior to garnet.Songshugou altramafic massif compared with rock wall is simpler in metamorphism,rock wall is similar with the Qinling group.
3.Analysis foe major and trace elements of 14 garnet amphibolite and amphibolite across the contact metamorphic zone.Major elements are steady.REE are gradually increase from inner to outer,indicate mantle fluid lead to losses of REE during intrusions.The observations shows that significant REE depletions in heavily altered rocks in ODP(Sparks et al.,1995;Bach et al.,1996,1998).
4.4 amphibole samples(the most outboard is amphibolite,others are garnet amphibolite)collected across the contact metamorphic zone were studied using ~(40)Ar-~(39)Ar dating.Two of the samples that were collected close to the ultramafic massif yield plateau ages of 372±15 Ma,464±12 Ma,the other two samples yield disturbed plateau ages of 474±8 Ma,781±146 Ma.There is a～130Ma gap between the most inner age(～370Ma)and the Songshugou ultramafic emplacement age(～500Ma), suggested the Songshugou ultramafic massif cooling is slow after intruding.
5.Combining petrological and geochemical characteristics of Lajimiao gabbros, we speculated the Lajimiao gabbros forms melt of lower crust and asthenosphere.The Lajimiao gabbros were affected by plagioclase accumulation as indicated by Eu positive anomaly.Using CL and LA-ICP-MS techniques,this study obtains a magmatic age 422±6.8Ma,indicate close of the Shang-Dan fault.And early captured zircon age 973±60Ma(898Ma-1083Ma),show early tectonic event which are consistent with Grenvillian(～1.3-1.0Ga)(Dalziel,1991;Hoffman,1991;Moores 1991; Keppie,2001).
6.The SiO_2 content of Sifangtai complex ranges from 45%-54%.These rocks belong to two series,tholeiitic and talc-alkaline series.Compared to common mantle rocks,they have high REE concentrations,especially LREE,with Rb,Th,Nb,P and Zr depletions and Ba,Pb,K and Sm enrichments.Gabbro is the main component of the complex,with gray-black colour and medium granularity.Its geochemical characteristics indicate that it is likely to be a product of crust-mantle interaction.In comparison with typical arc-related gabbros,it has Rb and Th negative anomalies. Considering that it is located near the Shang-dan zone,we propose that the formation of the Sifangtai mafic-ultramafic complex was due to break-off of subducted slabs or delamination of the mountain root along the Shang-dan fault,which disturbed the asthenosphere,resulting in partial melting of lower crust as well as mantle-crust interaction.The Sifangtai complex body was affected by plagioclase accumulation as indicated by Eu positive anomaly.Using LA-ICP-MS method,we obtain magmatic age 460±29Ma of Sifangtai mafic-ultramafic complex.All 32 data can be divided into 4 phases:(1)400-500Ma(n=4),(2)700-900Ma(n=2),(3)1800-2600Ma(n=20),(4) 2700-2918Ma(n=4).
7.Three mafic and ultramafic rocks along the Shang-Dan suture from the North Qinling are studied.Songshugou ultramafic massif is oceanic lithospheric fragment,it intruded the Qinling group at～500-510Ma.There is a 20-30°cornu between the Shang-Dan suture and axis of Songshugou ultramafic massif,indicate that Qinling ocean diving towards NNE.Lajimiao gabbro formed～422Ma,Sifangtai complex formed～460Ma,they show the time that close of Shang-Dan ocean respectively. Recently,studies of Guanzizhen maric and ultramafic rocks which located to the west part of the Shang-Dan suture,obtained gabbro which formed island arc setting zircon magmatic age 489±10Ma(SHRIMP)(Li et al.,2006)and another gabbro zircon magmatic age 475±4.6Ma(LA-ICP-MS)(Dong et al.,2006),suggested that the Guanzizhen ocean dived in lower Ordovician.All these mafic-ultramafic rocks are formed in Paleozoic during Qinling ocean diving and later collisions of continents. Ages of mafic-ultramafic rocks from west to east along the Shang-Dan suture, indicate(North China block)continent-continent(Yangtze block)collisions leaded to by closure of the Qinling ocean,occurred earlier in the west than in the east along the Qinling-Dabie orogen.The idea explained logically why HP-UHP metamorphism is～400-500Ma in Qinling orogen,while is～230Ma in Dabie orogen.
1.地球化学和PGE研究表明,松树沟纯橄榄岩体是形成于壳-幔过渡带的渗滤成因纯橄榄岩体,代表大洋岩石圈残片。主要证据:(1)地球化学特征显示微量元素整体上明显亏损,不相容元素(从Rb到Nb)和LREE相对HREE富集;纯橄榄岩的PGE含量明显低于方辉橄榄岩;(2)利用LA-ICP-MS方法对纯橄榄岩到方辉橄榄岩过渡带橄榄石斑晶进行稀土元素分析。分析结果显示,纯橄榄岩中橄榄石斑晶的稀土元素含量明显高于方辉橄榄岩中的橄榄石斑晶。与0man典型蛇绿岩的地幔橄榄岩对比研究,笔者认为该岩体是经过熔体渗滤过程形成的纯橄榄岩体。松树沟超镁铁质岩体是蛇绿岩套的重要组成部分。
2.对松树沟超镁铁质岩体的接触变质带(主为榴闪岩)及围岩(主为斜长角闪岩)进行了研究,确定围岩并不属于蛇绿岩的组成部分。主要证据有:(1)接触变质带变质成因锆石定年结果为506±7.4Ma(LA-ICP-MS法),且锆石中包裹体的成分为长石,表明斜长角闪岩在岩体侵位前就存在了,已有研究证实斜长角闪岩原岩形成年龄为973Ma(Liu et al.,2004)。(2)锆石稀土元素分析表明,多数锆石稀土元素含量较低且配分模式一致,基本不具有Eu异常;仅发现一粒锆石的稀土整体上明显具有富集特征,且具有明显Eu负异常,表明这粒锆石形成于石榴子石出现之前,其它锆石则可能形成于石榴子石出现之后。说明围岩在超镁铁质岩体侵位之前就存在了。(3)松树沟超镁铁质岩体变形简单,而围岩变形复杂,其变质变形特点更接近于秦岭群变质杂岩。
3.松树沟超镁铁质岩体接触变质带岩石地球化学研究。沿垂直接触变质带方向,对14个榴闪岩和斜长角闪岩进行了主、微量元素分析。样品主量元素含量稳定。而稀土元素含量从接触带内侧到外侧逐步升高,表明松树沟岩体在“热”侵位过程中,大洋岩石圈地幔流体对围岩进行了强烈改造,使围岩稀土部分丢失。近年来对大洋深海钻探深部所得的强变质改造的岩块研究证实,由于地幔流体对岩石的改造,稀土元素出现了明显丢失(Sparks et al.,1995;Bach et al.,1996,1998)。
4.沿松树沟超镁铁质岩体接触变质带垂直接触带的方向,对采集的四个样品(最外侧一个是斜长角闪岩,其它均为榴闪岩)进行了角闪石~(40)Ar-~(39)Ar年代学研究,由内到外,年龄分别为:逐渐变大。其中最靠近岩体的样品约370Ma,跟侵位时代之间相差约130Ma,表明超镁铁质岩体侵位后经历了缓慢的冷却过程,有可能是岩体侵位后,并没有立即出现真正意义上的地表抬升。
5.拉鸡庙辉长岩体具有LREE富集特征,低TiO2含量(通常小于0.5%),A/CKN值普遍大于1.1,显示拉鸡庙岩体具有下地壳岩石的特征,Nb和Nb/Ta的极度亏损也证实了这一点。拉鸡庙岩体表现出Nb、Ta、Zr、Hf、Ti相对亏损,同时Nb/Ta-Lu/Hf没有相关性,Nb/Ta-Zr/Hf具有很好的正相关性,说明在成岩过程中,没有受流体影响,而主要是受部分熔融控制的。而且拉鸡庙岩体的Nb极度亏损,Nb/Ta最大值也小于平均地壳比值,显然不存在大量壳-幔物质交换的可能。我们初步研究认为,拉鸡庙岩体是秦岭洋闭和板块碰撞以后,俯冲板片断离,扰动软流圈,引发下地壳部分熔融,导致下地壳与软流圈物质共熔,生成这种具有下地壳岩浆特征的辉长岩和苏长辉长岩。普遍的Eu的正异常,是长石结晶造成的,表明该岩体成岩过程中受到堆晶作用影响。
6.通过对拉鸡庙辉长岩体中占主体的辉长岩中锆石进行LA-ICP-MS微区U-Pb同位素测定,结合锆石CL图像获得422±6.8Ma的成岩年龄,和973±60Ma的捕获锆石年龄。考虑到拉鸡庙岩体成因具有壳源特征,该成岩年龄代表该地区商丹洋闭合的下限。973±60Ma(9个点在898Ma-1083Ma之间)的捕获锆石年龄,指示了与Grenvillian(～1.3-1.0Ga)(Dalziel,1991;Hoffman,1991;Moores 1991;Keppie,2001)造山带时代基本一致的早期构造事件。
7.地球化学研究表明,四方台杂岩体各种组成岩石的平均SiO_2含量在45%-54%之间,在AFM图中则显示出钙碱性系列和拉斑系列共存的特征。全岩地球化学特征与普通幔源岩相比富集REE,尤其富集LREE,具有明显的Rb、Th、Nb、P、Zr的负异常和Ba、Pb、K、Sm的正异常。辉长岩是该岩体的主体,灰黑色,中粒,地球化学特征显示其经历壳-幔物质交换。与典型岛弧辉长岩对比研究,具有Rb、Th的负异常,结合特殊的岩石组合和紧邻商-丹断裂的地质特征,认为四方台镁铁-超镁铁质杂岩体,可能是沿商-丹带发生俯冲板块断离或者山根拆沉,扰动软流圈,发生下地壳部分熔融和壳-幔物质交换形成的。普遍的Eu正异常表明成岩过程中受到斜长石堆晶作用的影响。
8.对四方台杂岩体中辉长岩锆石进行LA-ICP-MS微区定年研究,获得岩体的成岩时代为460±29Ma.获得的32个测点可明显的分为4个时段,即:(1)400-500Ma(n=4);(2)700-900Ma(n=2);(3)1800-2600Ma(n=20);(4)2700-2918Ma(n=4)。可能分别代表了北秦岭造山带不同地质时期的构造-岩浆事件的时代信息。其中400-500Ma与北秦岭地区表现强烈的加里东运动时限一致,而700-900Ma则可能与830～740Ma中国中西部地区响应积极的造成Rodinia超大陆裂解的地幔柱(Li et al.,2003)活动有关。
9.出露于北秦岭南缘商丹构造带内的三个镁铁质-超镁铁质岩体研究表明:(1)松树沟超镁铁质岩体代表俯冲的大洋岩石圈残片,由于该岩体长轴方向与商-丹断裂有20-30°的夹角,表明早期大洋的俯冲是北北东向的,侵位年龄为～500-510Ma;(2)拉鸡庙杂岩体成岩年龄为～422Ma,其西边的四方台杂岩体成岩时代为～460Ma,也代表了各自地区商丹洋的闭合时限。(3)近年来对出露于商丹构造带西段的天水关子镇镁铁、超镁铁质岩体定年结果发现,在“古岛弧成因的下海子辉长岩”中获得锆石SHRIMP年龄为489±10Ma(李曙光等,2006),董云鹏等(2006)在关子镇辉长岩中获得的LA-ICP-MS锆石年龄为475±4.6Ma.表明关子镇蛇绿岩代表的洋壳在早奥陶世发生俯冲作用。因此,本次研究的3个镁铁质-超镁铁质岩体,以及天水关子镇岩体,共同记录了古生代从商丹洋的俯冲到陆-陆碰撞过程。综合以上从西——东几个商丹构造带内镁铁质、超镁铁质杂岩的定年结果,显然,秦岭洋闭合导致的(华北)陆-陆(扬子)碰撞,是先在西部发生的,而在东部发生的较晚。这一点很好的解释了为什么高压-超高压变质作用,北秦岭主要集中在～400-500Ma,而苏鲁-大别则主要集中在～230Ma.
The Shang-Dan fault was suggested to be a main suture of the Qinling orogenic belt.It's of critical importance for resuming the formation and evolution of the Qinling orogenic belt and understanding the interaction between the North china and Yangtze blocks.On the basis of field investigations,three mafic ang ultramafic rocks, such as the Songshugou ultramafic massif,the Lajimiao gabbros and the Sifangtai complex,were selected for comprehensive studies on petrology,geochemistry,PGE, LA-ICP-MS zircon dating and ~(40)Ar-~(39)Ar dating.These studies play important roles in discussing petrogenesis,evolution and geochronology,moreover,speculating on evolution of the Qinling orogenic belt and interacting model of the North China and Yangtze blocks.Some achieves are as following:
1.Characteristics of geochemistry and PGE(platinum group element)of Songhugou ultramafic massif show it forms through melt percolate flow at the crust-mantle transition zone,and is oceanic lithospheric fragment.Main evidences such as:(1)The whole rock concentrations of trace elements are depleted,and highly incompatible elements(Rb to Nb)and LREE relative to HREE are enrichment.(2) In-situ analyses for olivine grains of a transition from dunite to harzburgite in the Songshugou ultramafic massif through LA-ICPMS,show compositional variations. REE are higher in dunite than in harzburgite.In comparison with Oman ophiolite,we propose that the Songshugou dunite is a product of reaction of harzburgite with melt through porous percolation flow.Songshugou Ulatramafic massif is a part of ophiolite.
2.Studies of contact metamorphic zone(mainly are garnet amphibolite)and rock wall(mainly are amphibolite),confirmed they are not parts of ophiolite.Zircon from garnet amphibolite yielded a metamporphic age of 506±7.4Ma(LA-ICP-MS),and inclusions in the zircon are plagioclase,these studies show the amphibolite formed earlier than the intruding of the Songshugou ultramafic massif.At the same time, analysis of REE of zircon for dating show,most zircon with lower REE and consistent REE patterns,without Eu anomaly,one zircon with higher REE and Eu negative anomaly,these indicate that the zircon formed earlier than garnet,while others formed posterior to garnet.Songshugou altramafic massif compared with rock wall is simpler in metamorphism,rock wall is similar with the Qinling group.
3.Analysis foe major and trace elements of 14 garnet amphibolite and amphibolite across the contact metamorphic zone.Major elements are steady.REE are gradually increase from inner to outer,indicate mantle fluid lead to losses of REE during intrusions.The observations shows that significant REE depletions in heavily altered rocks in ODP(Sparks et al.,1995;Bach et al.,1996,1998).
4.4 amphibole samples(the most outboard is amphibolite,others are garnet amphibolite)collected across the contact metamorphic zone were studied using ~(40)Ar-~(39)Ar dating.Two of the samples that were collected close to the ultramafic massif yield plateau ages of 372±15 Ma,464±12 Ma,the other two samples yield disturbed plateau ages of 474±8 Ma,781±146 Ma.There is a～130Ma gap between the most inner age(～370Ma)and the Songshugou ultramafic emplacement age(～500Ma), suggested the Songshugou ultramafic massif cooling is slow after intruding.
5.Combining petrological and geochemical characteristics of Lajimiao gabbros, we speculated the Lajimiao gabbros forms melt of lower crust and asthenosphere.The Lajimiao gabbros were affected by plagioclase accumulation as indicated by Eu positive anomaly.Using CL and LA-ICP-MS techniques,this study obtains a magmatic age 422±6.8Ma,indicate close of the Shang-Dan fault.And early captured zircon age 973±60Ma(898Ma-1083Ma),show early tectonic event which are consistent with Grenvillian(～1.3-1.0Ga)(Dalziel,1991;Hoffman,1991;Moores 1991; Keppie,2001).
6.The SiO_2 content of Sifangtai complex ranges from 45%-54%.These rocks belong to two series,tholeiitic and talc-alkaline series.Compared to common mantle rocks,they have high REE concentrations,especially LREE,with Rb,Th,Nb,P and Zr depletions and Ba,Pb,K and Sm enrichments.Gabbro is the main component of the complex,with gray-black colour and medium granularity.Its geochemical characteristics indicate that it is likely to be a product of crust-mantle interaction.In comparison with typical arc-related gabbros,it has Rb and Th negative anomalies. Considering that it is located near the Shang-dan zone,we propose that the formation of the Sifangtai mafic-ultramafic complex was due to break-off of subducted slabs or delamination of the mountain root along the Shang-dan fault,which disturbed the asthenosphere,resulting in partial melting of lower crust as well as mantle-crust interaction.The Sifangtai complex body was affected by plagioclase accumulation as indicated by Eu positive anomaly.Using LA-ICP-MS method,we obtain magmatic age 460±29Ma of Sifangtai mafic-ultramafic complex.All 32 data can be divided into 4 phases:(1)400-500Ma(n=4),(2)700-900Ma(n=2),(3)1800-2600Ma(n=20),(4) 2700-2918Ma(n=4).
7.Three mafic and ultramafic rocks along the Shang-Dan suture from the North Qinling are studied.Songshugou ultramafic massif is oceanic lithospheric fragment,it intruded the Qinling group at～500-510Ma.There is a 20-30°cornu between the Shang-Dan suture and axis of Songshugou ultramafic massif,indicate that Qinling ocean diving towards NNE.Lajimiao gabbro formed～422Ma,Sifangtai complex formed～460Ma,they show the time that close of Shang-Dan ocean respectively. Recently,studies of Guanzizhen maric and ultramafic rocks which located to the west part of the Shang-Dan suture,obtained gabbro which formed island arc setting zircon magmatic age 489±10Ma(SHRIMP)(Li et al.,2006)and another gabbro zircon magmatic age 475±4.6Ma(LA-ICP-MS)(Dong et al.,2006),suggested that the Guanzizhen ocean dived in lower Ordovician.All these mafic-ultramafic rocks are formed in Paleozoic during Qinling ocean diving and later collisions of continents. Ages of mafic-ultramafic rocks from west to east along the Shang-Dan suture, indicate(North China block)continent-continent(Yangtze block)collisions leaded to by closure of the Qinling ocean,occurred earlier in the west than in the east along the Qinling-Dabie orogen.The idea explained logically why HP-UHP metamorphism is～400-500Ma in Qinling orogen,while is～230Ma in Dabie orogen.
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