单级升压逆变器及其应用技术研究
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摘要
传统的电压源逆变器（VSI）是降压型变换器。在输入电压较低或变化范围较大的场合，如新能源发电系统，通常需要在其前级加入DC-DC升压电路，将母线电压升到足够大的值，以输出期望的交流电压。该方案不仅增加了系统的复杂性，也降低了可靠性。另一方面，常规的电压源逆变器需要防止桥臂直通而导致开关管过流损坏。通常采用插入死区的方法，但会引起输出谐波电压的增大。在此背景下，本文提出并研究了新颖的单级升压逆变器，并对其电路特点和应用方面的优势和问题进行探讨和研究。全文主要内容如下：
研究了提出的耦合电感单级升压逆变器（CL-SSBI）。它在逆变桥的前端引入了一个包括耦合电感的无源网络，通过调节逆变桥臂的直通时间和合理设计耦合电感的匝比，提升母线电压，以输出期望的交流电压。本文对CL-SSBI的工作原理和升压性能，参数设计，建模分析，电路损耗等进行了详细的分析和验证。之后又提出了开关耦合电感（准）Z源逆变器（SCL-(q)ZSI），同样对SCL-ZSI和SCL-qZSI的工作原理和升压性能，参数设计，器件应力等进行了详细的分析、比较和验证。
研究了CL-SSBI光伏并网发电系统，在一级变换中实现升压、逆变、单位功率因数并网和最大功率跟踪的功能，并对控制器进行了分析和设计。为了进一步降低CL-SSBI光伏并网发电系统的体积、重量和成本，提高变换效率，进一步研究了CL-SSBI非隔离光伏并网发电系统漏电流抑制措施。为了不增加有源器件，提出了改进的CL-SSBI拓扑——CL-SSBI-D，并采用无传统零矢量的NSPWM调制方法，使漏电流满足VDE0126-1-1标准的要求。
为了提高能量的传输效率、减小电感的电流应力并简化电路结构，本文又提出了抽头电感型单级升压逆变器，包括抽头电感准Z源逆变器（TL-qZSI）、抽头电感单级升压逆变器（TL-SSBI）和双抽头电感单级升压逆变器（DTL-SSBI）。TL-qZSI具有高升压能力，电容电压应力低，输入和母线共地，输入电流连续等优势，相比于ZSI，更适合应用于新能源发电的场合。而TL-SSBI则更为简洁实用且升压比更高。
为了讨论无电解电容TL-qZSI的可行性，研究了TL-qZSI在一个直通周期内所有可能的运行状态，通过合理设计电感和电容值可避免给电路带来危害的运行状态，同时估计了电感和电容的极限值。得到TL-qZSI采用高寿命、低容值的薄膜电容同样可以实现电路正常工作的结论。
本文最后将无电解电容的TL-qZSI应用于单相输入的交流调速系统。系统中的电容都为无极性电容，提高了系统的可靠性并减小了体积。由于母线上没有大容量的电解电容，母线上会耦合与输入电源频率相关的功率脉动，本文提出在直通占空比上注入谐波的方式实现脉动抑制和在调制比上注入谐波的方式来改善输入功率因数。实验证明在带大惯性电机负载的交流调速场合，可以同时实现抗输入电压跌落、高输入功率因数和对转速的控制等功能。
Traditional voltage-source inverter (VSI) is buck-type converter. On the one hand, of low or wideinput voltage, such as renewable power system, a boost converter should be added in front of theinverter bridge to step up the dc input voltage to a higher level to output a desired ac voltage. On theother hand, the conventional VSI should avoid the shoot-through issue in case of overcurrent damage.Therefore, dead-time is always used. While it will casuse output voltage distortion. Under thebackground, the thesis proposes novel single-stage boost inverters, and researches the circuitcharacteristics and their advantages and problems in applications. The contents are shown as follow:
The thesis researches a novel coupled-inductor single-stage boost inverter (CL-SSBI). Byintroducing a unique impedance network with coupled inductor and previously forbiddenshoot-through zero states, this converter can output ac voltage much higher than the dc input. Thesteady-state performance and boost characteristics of CL-SSBI, the design procedures of the keycomponents, the influence of impedance network to dynamic performance and the losses of the circuitare analyzed in detail and verified. By introducing the concept of swithed coupled inductor to ZSI andquasi-ZSI, the paper proposes swithed-coupled-inductor ZSI (SCL-ZSI) and swithed-coupled-inductorquasi-ZSI (SCL-qZSI). The steady-state performance and boost characteristics, the design proceduresand stresses of the key components are analyzed and verified.
Then CL-SSBI is applied to grid-connected phovoltanic power system to realize boost, inversion,fed to the gird with unity power factor and maximum power tracking in one conversion stage. Itscontroller is analyzed and designed. In order to further decrease the volumn, weight and cost of thesystem, and increase the conversion efficiency, the transformerless photovoltaic power system basedCL-SSBI is also analyzed. To eliminate the leakage current and keep the advantages of impedancenetwork, only a diode is added in the front of the topology compare to the original topology, to blockthe leakage current loop when in the active vector and open-zero vector. Meanwhile, the near-statePWM technique is applied with shoot-through zero vectors is used. By using this modulation method,the VDE0126-1-1standard can be satisfied.
In order to improve the conversion effierency, decrease the current stress of coupled inductor andsimplify the circuit structure, single-stage boost inverters with tapped inductor networks are proposed,including tapped-inductor quasi-Z-source inverter (TL-qZSI), tapped-inductor single-stage boostinverter (TL-SSBI) and double-tapped-inductor single-stage boost inverter (DTL-SSBI). Compared to ZSI, TL-qZSI not only improves the boost ability, decreases the capacitances and their voltagestresses, but also has common ground between input source and dc-link and continuous input current,which is suitable for renewable power system. TheTL-SSBI is more concise and practical, and hashigher boost ability.
To discuss the realization of electrolytic-less TL-qZSI, the paper presents all the possible steadystates of the TL-qZSI proposed. It is shown that, the abnormal states can be avoided by selectingsuitable value of the capacitors and inductors. The paper also presents guidelines to design theimpedance network accurately and predicts the critical values of inductance and capacitance. It is alsofind that smaller capacitance can be used to process power conversion, which means film capacitorwith high reliability and low capacitance can be used to maintain the nomal operation.
The TL-qZSI without electrolytic capacitor is used to adjustable speed system with single-phaseac input. By introducing film capacitors, system reliability is improved and volumn and weight arereduced. Without large electrolytic capacitors, the dc-link would couple ripple related to input acsource. Then harmonic is injected into shoot-through dudy cycle and modulation index to suppressbus voltage ripple and improve input power factor, respectively. Experimental results are carried outto verify that the in the condition of adjustable speed system with large inertia load, the performancesof riding through input voltage sag, high input power factor and speed control can be realized.
研究了提出的耦合电感单级升压逆变器（CL-SSBI）。它在逆变桥的前端引入了一个包括耦合电感的无源网络，通过调节逆变桥臂的直通时间和合理设计耦合电感的匝比，提升母线电压，以输出期望的交流电压。本文对CL-SSBI的工作原理和升压性能，参数设计，建模分析，电路损耗等进行了详细的分析和验证。之后又提出了开关耦合电感（准）Z源逆变器（SCL-(q)ZSI），同样对SCL-ZSI和SCL-qZSI的工作原理和升压性能，参数设计，器件应力等进行了详细的分析、比较和验证。
研究了CL-SSBI光伏并网发电系统，在一级变换中实现升压、逆变、单位功率因数并网和最大功率跟踪的功能，并对控制器进行了分析和设计。为了进一步降低CL-SSBI光伏并网发电系统的体积、重量和成本，提高变换效率，进一步研究了CL-SSBI非隔离光伏并网发电系统漏电流抑制措施。为了不增加有源器件，提出了改进的CL-SSBI拓扑——CL-SSBI-D，并采用无传统零矢量的NSPWM调制方法，使漏电流满足VDE0126-1-1标准的要求。
为了提高能量的传输效率、减小电感的电流应力并简化电路结构，本文又提出了抽头电感型单级升压逆变器，包括抽头电感准Z源逆变器（TL-qZSI）、抽头电感单级升压逆变器（TL-SSBI）和双抽头电感单级升压逆变器（DTL-SSBI）。TL-qZSI具有高升压能力，电容电压应力低，输入和母线共地，输入电流连续等优势，相比于ZSI，更适合应用于新能源发电的场合。而TL-SSBI则更为简洁实用且升压比更高。
为了讨论无电解电容TL-qZSI的可行性，研究了TL-qZSI在一个直通周期内所有可能的运行状态，通过合理设计电感和电容值可避免给电路带来危害的运行状态，同时估计了电感和电容的极限值。得到TL-qZSI采用高寿命、低容值的薄膜电容同样可以实现电路正常工作的结论。
本文最后将无电解电容的TL-qZSI应用于单相输入的交流调速系统。系统中的电容都为无极性电容，提高了系统的可靠性并减小了体积。由于母线上没有大容量的电解电容，母线上会耦合与输入电源频率相关的功率脉动，本文提出在直通占空比上注入谐波的方式实现脉动抑制和在调制比上注入谐波的方式来改善输入功率因数。实验证明在带大惯性电机负载的交流调速场合，可以同时实现抗输入电压跌落、高输入功率因数和对转速的控制等功能。
Traditional voltage-source inverter (VSI) is buck-type converter. On the one hand, of low or wideinput voltage, such as renewable power system, a boost converter should be added in front of theinverter bridge to step up the dc input voltage to a higher level to output a desired ac voltage. On theother hand, the conventional VSI should avoid the shoot-through issue in case of overcurrent damage.Therefore, dead-time is always used. While it will casuse output voltage distortion. Under thebackground, the thesis proposes novel single-stage boost inverters, and researches the circuitcharacteristics and their advantages and problems in applications. The contents are shown as follow:
The thesis researches a novel coupled-inductor single-stage boost inverter (CL-SSBI). Byintroducing a unique impedance network with coupled inductor and previously forbiddenshoot-through zero states, this converter can output ac voltage much higher than the dc input. Thesteady-state performance and boost characteristics of CL-SSBI, the design procedures of the keycomponents, the influence of impedance network to dynamic performance and the losses of the circuitare analyzed in detail and verified. By introducing the concept of swithed coupled inductor to ZSI andquasi-ZSI, the paper proposes swithed-coupled-inductor ZSI (SCL-ZSI) and swithed-coupled-inductorquasi-ZSI (SCL-qZSI). The steady-state performance and boost characteristics, the design proceduresand stresses of the key components are analyzed and verified.
Then CL-SSBI is applied to grid-connected phovoltanic power system to realize boost, inversion,fed to the gird with unity power factor and maximum power tracking in one conversion stage. Itscontroller is analyzed and designed. In order to further decrease the volumn, weight and cost of thesystem, and increase the conversion efficiency, the transformerless photovoltaic power system basedCL-SSBI is also analyzed. To eliminate the leakage current and keep the advantages of impedancenetwork, only a diode is added in the front of the topology compare to the original topology, to blockthe leakage current loop when in the active vector and open-zero vector. Meanwhile, the near-statePWM technique is applied with shoot-through zero vectors is used. By using this modulation method,the VDE0126-1-1standard can be satisfied.
In order to improve the conversion effierency, decrease the current stress of coupled inductor andsimplify the circuit structure, single-stage boost inverters with tapped inductor networks are proposed,including tapped-inductor quasi-Z-source inverter (TL-qZSI), tapped-inductor single-stage boostinverter (TL-SSBI) and double-tapped-inductor single-stage boost inverter (DTL-SSBI). Compared to ZSI, TL-qZSI not only improves the boost ability, decreases the capacitances and their voltagestresses, but also has common ground between input source and dc-link and continuous input current,which is suitable for renewable power system. TheTL-SSBI is more concise and practical, and hashigher boost ability.
To discuss the realization of electrolytic-less TL-qZSI, the paper presents all the possible steadystates of the TL-qZSI proposed. It is shown that, the abnormal states can be avoided by selectingsuitable value of the capacitors and inductors. The paper also presents guidelines to design theimpedance network accurately and predicts the critical values of inductance and capacitance. It is alsofind that smaller capacitance can be used to process power conversion, which means film capacitorwith high reliability and low capacitance can be used to maintain the nomal operation.
The TL-qZSI without electrolytic capacitor is used to adjustable speed system with single-phaseac input. By introducing film capacitors, system reliability is improved and volumn and weight arereduced. Without large electrolytic capacitors, the dc-link would couple ripple related to input acsource. Then harmonic is injected into shoot-through dudy cycle and modulation index to suppressbus voltage ripple and improve input power factor, respectively. Experimental results are carried outto verify that the in the condition of adjustable speed system with large inertia load, the performancesof riding through input voltage sag, high input power factor and speed control can be realized.
引文
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