光伏并网逆变器控制技术的研究
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摘要
为解决能源短缺和环境污染两大难题,太阳能光伏发电近年来受到世界各国广泛关注,其中并网逆变器控制技术作为光伏发电系统的关键环节,成为目前研究的热点。本文选择带LCL滤波器的三相桥式并网逆变器为研究对象,分析了LCL滤波器谐振峰产生的原理及抑制的措施,重点讨论了并网逆变器的控制技术,分别从并网电流和输入功率两方面入手研究了三种控制方法,通过仿真分析验证了三种方法的控制性能。
首先,对光伏并网发电系统中并网逆变器的拓扑结构进行介绍,在此基础上选择三相桥式逆变器作为本文的研究重点；对LCL滤波器进行参数设计；分析了当前应用比较广泛的并网逆变器控制技术。
其次,采用了基于准比例谐振(QPR)控制器的电流双闭环并网控制技术,利用电容电流内环的反馈控制作为有源阻尼来抑制LCL滤波器的谐振峰；在QPR电流双闭环控制技术的基础上,利用谐振环节对特定频率增益无限大的特点,分析了具有抑制特定次谐波能力的谐波补偿器。
再次,分析了基于滞环功率控制的并网控制技术,由于该控制方法采用滞环控制,使得开关频率不固定,增大系统的滤波难度,在滞环功率控制的基础上研究了一种基于滤波电感在线估算的定频直接功率控制方法,解决了滞环控制中开关频率不固定的缺点,同时兼具滞环控制的响应速度快,鲁棒性好等优点,最后对两种直接功率控制方法进行比较分析。
最后,分析光伏并网逆变器和有源滤波器的工作特点,找出其统一控制的结合点,实现一机多用,降低应用成本,提高系统利用效率。采用基于准比例谐振(QPR)的电流双环控制技术,重点分析了统一控制条件下的三种工作模式。
To solve the two problems of energy shortage and environmental pollution, solar photovoltaic power generation had received extensively attention all over the world in recent years, grid-connected inverter as the key part of the photovoltaic power generation system, which had become the focus of current research. In this paper, three-phase bridge grid-connected inverter with LCL filter was selected as an research subject, the principles of LCL filter's resonance peak and the restraining measures had been analyzed, focused on the control technology for grid-connected inverter, this paper studies the three control methods from two aspects of the grid-connected current and the input power, and verified the control performance of the three methods by simulation analysis.
First, introduced the topological structure about the grid-connected inverter of the grid-connected photovoltaic system and chosen the three-phase bridge type as the research focus in this paper, designed the parameters of the LCL filter and analyzed the grid-connected control technology which is used wildly in the current.
Secondly, adopted the grid-connected control technology which based on the quasi proportion resonant (QPR) controller of current double closed-loop, the use of capacitive current inner loop feedback control as the active damping to suppress LCL filter resonance peaks; on the base of the QPR current dual closed-loop control technology, take advantage of the resonator infinitely large part of the specific frequency gain characteristics to analyse the ability for inhibiting specific sub-harmonic of the harmonic compensator.
Thirdly, analyzed a grid-connected control technology which based on the hysteresis loop power control, as adopting the hysteresis control method that leaded to no fixed switching frequency and increased the difficulty of filtering for the system, a method of fixed-frequency direct power control method of the filter inductor online estimate, whicn could solve the shortcomings of the no fixed switching frequency of the hysteresis control, this method had both the advantages of fast response and good robustness of the hysteresis control, finally, had a comparative analysis of the two direct power control methods.
Finally, analyzed the working characteristics of photovoltaic grid inverters and active filter to identify the combining site of the unified control, which could achieve multi-usage, decrease the cost of application and improve the utilization efficiency of the system, adopted the control technology which based on the quasi proportion resonant (QPR) controller of current double closed-loop, focused on analysis of three modes which under the conditions of the unified control.
首先,对光伏并网发电系统中并网逆变器的拓扑结构进行介绍,在此基础上选择三相桥式逆变器作为本文的研究重点；对LCL滤波器进行参数设计；分析了当前应用比较广泛的并网逆变器控制技术。
其次,采用了基于准比例谐振(QPR)控制器的电流双闭环并网控制技术,利用电容电流内环的反馈控制作为有源阻尼来抑制LCL滤波器的谐振峰；在QPR电流双闭环控制技术的基础上,利用谐振环节对特定频率增益无限大的特点,分析了具有抑制特定次谐波能力的谐波补偿器。
再次,分析了基于滞环功率控制的并网控制技术,由于该控制方法采用滞环控制,使得开关频率不固定,增大系统的滤波难度,在滞环功率控制的基础上研究了一种基于滤波电感在线估算的定频直接功率控制方法,解决了滞环控制中开关频率不固定的缺点,同时兼具滞环控制的响应速度快,鲁棒性好等优点,最后对两种直接功率控制方法进行比较分析。
最后,分析光伏并网逆变器和有源滤波器的工作特点,找出其统一控制的结合点,实现一机多用,降低应用成本,提高系统利用效率。采用基于准比例谐振(QPR)的电流双环控制技术,重点分析了统一控制条件下的三种工作模式。
To solve the two problems of energy shortage and environmental pollution, solar photovoltaic power generation had received extensively attention all over the world in recent years, grid-connected inverter as the key part of the photovoltaic power generation system, which had become the focus of current research. In this paper, three-phase bridge grid-connected inverter with LCL filter was selected as an research subject, the principles of LCL filter's resonance peak and the restraining measures had been analyzed, focused on the control technology for grid-connected inverter, this paper studies the three control methods from two aspects of the grid-connected current and the input power, and verified the control performance of the three methods by simulation analysis.
First, introduced the topological structure about the grid-connected inverter of the grid-connected photovoltaic system and chosen the three-phase bridge type as the research focus in this paper, designed the parameters of the LCL filter and analyzed the grid-connected control technology which is used wildly in the current.
Secondly, adopted the grid-connected control technology which based on the quasi proportion resonant (QPR) controller of current double closed-loop, the use of capacitive current inner loop feedback control as the active damping to suppress LCL filter resonance peaks; on the base of the QPR current dual closed-loop control technology, take advantage of the resonator infinitely large part of the specific frequency gain characteristics to analyse the ability for inhibiting specific sub-harmonic of the harmonic compensator.
Thirdly, analyzed a grid-connected control technology which based on the hysteresis loop power control, as adopting the hysteresis control method that leaded to no fixed switching frequency and increased the difficulty of filtering for the system, a method of fixed-frequency direct power control method of the filter inductor online estimate, whicn could solve the shortcomings of the no fixed switching frequency of the hysteresis control, this method had both the advantages of fast response and good robustness of the hysteresis control, finally, had a comparative analysis of the two direct power control methods.
Finally, analyzed the working characteristics of photovoltaic grid inverters and active filter to identify the combining site of the unified control, which could achieve multi-usage, decrease the cost of application and improve the utilization efficiency of the system, adopted the control technology which based on the quasi proportion resonant (QPR) controller of current double closed-loop, focused on analysis of three modes which under the conditions of the unified control.
引文
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[2]王长贵,王斯成.太阳能光伏实用技术[M].化学工业出版社,2005.6
[3]冯良桓,张静全.中国太阳能光伏进展[M].西南交通大学出版社,2006.6
[4]吕芳,江燕兴,刘莉敏等.太阳能发电[M].北京：化学工业出版社,2009.8
[5]王宝归.100kW太阳能并网变流器的研制[D].北京：北京交通大学,2009
[6]张敏.10kW太阳能光伏并网发电系统的研究[D].安徽：安徽理工大学,2011
[7]Gow.a.A.Manning, C.D.Photovoltaic converter system suitable for use in small scale stand-alone or grid connected applications, Electric Power Applications,2011.11:p535-543
[8]赵朝会.光伏发电技术的研究现状和应用前景[J].上海电机学院学报,2009(6)：Vo1.11No.2
[9]Cabal.C, Alonso.C, Cid-Pastor.A, Estibals.B. Adaptive Digital MPPT Control for Photovoltaic Applications.IEEE international Symposium on Industrial Electronics.2009:2414-2419
[10]Mummadi, Veerachary. Improved maximum power point tracking algorithm for photoltaic sources. IEEE ICSET,2008:p 301-305
[11]Wang, T. C, Z. Ye, G Sinha, X. Yuan. Output Filter Design for interconnected Tree-phase Inverter. In PESC 2003.2003.
[12]李波,安群涛,孙兵成.空间矢量PWM的仿真研究及DSP实现[J].中小型电机.2005,11(4)：2620-2625
[13]刘凤君.现代逆变技术及应用[M].电子工业出版社,2006
[14]吴浩伟,段善旭,刘邦银等.一种新颖的电压控制型逆变器并网控制方案[J].台达电力电子新技术研讨会,2006,12(3)：22-29
[15]赵为.太阳能光伏并网发电系统的研究[D].合肥工业大学博士学位论文.2003
[16]汪海宁.光伏并网功率调节系统及其控制的研究[D].合肥工业大学博士学位论文.2005
[17]刘杨华,吴政球等.分布式发电及其并网技术综述[J].电网技术,2008,23(2)：1236-1242
[18]In-Su Bae, Jin-O Kim. Reliability Evaluation of Distributed Ceneration Based on Operation Mode[J]. IEEE Trans. On Power systems,2007,22(2):785-790
[19]王飞,余世杰,苏建徽等.光伏并网发电系统的研究及实现[J].太阳能学报,2006,26(5)：605-608
[20]Hui Zhang, Lin Shan, Jing Ren, Baodan Cheng. Study on Photovoltaic Grid-connected Inverter Control System [J]. PEDS,2009,8(3):47-56
[21]张彦,赵义术等.光伏并网逆变器电流控制技术研究[J].电力电子技术.2009,43(5)：24-30
[22]孙龙林.单相非隔离型光伏并网逆变器的研究[D].合肥工业大学硕士论文.2009
[23]李乃永,梁军,赵义术.并网光伏电站动态建模与稳定性研究[J].中国机电工程学报,2011,31(10)：56-64
[24]田新全.基于DSP的Z源逆变器控制与设计[D].合肥工业大学硕士论文.2007
[25]Minh-Khai Nguyen, Young-Cheol Lim, Geum-Bae Cho. Switched-Inductor Qviasi Z-Source Inverter [J]. IEEE Transactions On Power Electronics.2011,26(11):156-170
[26]Yu Tang, Shaojun Xie, Chao Zhang. An Inproved Z-Source Inverter [J]. IEEE Transactions On Power Electronics,2011,26(12):121-132
[27]Junbum Kwon, Sunjae Yoon, Sewan Choi. Indirect Control for Seamless Transfer of Three-Phase Utility Interactive Iverters[J]. IEEE Transactions On Power Electronics,2012,27(2):773-781
[28]关雅娟,邬伟扬,郭小强,微电网中三相逆变器孤岛运行控制技术[J].中国电机工程学报,2011,31(33)：52-60
[29]G H. Tan, J. Z. Wang, and Y. C. Ji, "Soft-switching flyback inverter with enhanced power decoupling for photovoltaic plications," IET Trans. Elect. Power Appl., vol.1, no.2, pp.264-274, Mar.2007
[30]Souhib Harb, Haibing Hu, Nasser Kutkut, Issa Batarseh, Z. John Shen"A Three-Port Photovoltaic (PV) Micro-Inverter with Power Decoupling Capability" IEEE vol.978, no.11, pp.4244-8085 2011
[31]王姜铂.基于DSP的高频链逆变电源[D].哈尔滨工程大学硕士学位论文.2007.3
[32]刘飞,徐鹏威,陈国强.基于LCL滤波器的三相光伏并网控制系统研究[J].太阳能学报,2008,29(8)：965-970
[33]Jalili K, Bemet S. Design of LCL filter of active-front-end two-level voltage source converters [J]. IEEE Trans. on Industry Electronics,2009,56(5):1674-1689
[34]刘胜荣,杨萍等.两级式光伏并网逆变器的无差拍控制算法研究[J].电力系统保护与控制,2010,38(38)：68-74
[35]Fukuda S, Yoda T. A novel current-tracking method for active filters based on a sinusoidal internal mode[J]. IEEE Transactions On Industry Applications,2001,37(3):888-895
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