密云水库上游小流域非点源污染预测研究
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摘要
本论文以密云水库上游小流域为研究背景,在对流域内各类污染源调查分析的基础上,应用流域数字高程模型DEM、土地利用、土壤、气象、水文与水质以及农业管理措施等数据,建立了基于SWAT模型的密云水库流域非点源模型系统,并采用实测数据对模型系统进行了参数的率定和模型的验证。结果表明,基于SWAT模型构建的非点源模型完全能应用于密云水库入库的非点源污染负荷模拟和预测。
由于密云水库流域农业非点源污染涉及面广,治理难度大,只有实行多学科、全方位的综合治理,才能对其进行有效控制。根据密云水库流域的实际情况和模拟结果,本论文提出了控制农业非点源污染的管理措施,例如:采取保护性耕作,大力推广高等种植,增加植被覆盖度,建立合理的轮作制度等。
在农业发展压力大的地区,我们不能像发达国家那样通过限制化肥、农药的施用量等措施来减轻或消除农业非点源污染问题,而应采取“预防为主,防治结合”的对策,此外还应加强理论方面的研究。
A soil and water assessment tool (SWAT) based non-point source modeling system of the Miyun Reservoir watershed was established based on investiga -tion of point and non-point source pollution and digital elevation model, land-use, soil, weather, hydrological and water quality data, and agricultural management practices. Measured timeseries stream flow and water quality data were used to calibrate and verify the mode -ling system. The hydrological and sediment simu -lations agree well with observ ations in the Miyun Reservoir watershed. The simul -ation results show that the non-point source modeling system can also be applied to simulate and predict non-point source loadings in the Miyun Reservoir.
Because of the broad affected area and the great technical challenges of non-point pollution in the Miyun reservoir watershed, we should take measures a multidisciplinary, all-round and comprehensive management to exercise effective control. This paper proposes controlling management measures of agricultural non-point source pollution. For example, taking conservation tillage, contour farming, conservation crop rotation, and improving cover crops.
Development pressure in the agricultural areas with great pressure, we can not restrict fertilizer, pesticide application rate, and other measures to reduce or eliminate agricultural non-point source pollution. We should adopt "prevention first, combining prevention," countermeasures. In addition, the Theoretical Study should also be strengthened.
由于密云水库流域农业非点源污染涉及面广,治理难度大,只有实行多学科、全方位的综合治理,才能对其进行有效控制。根据密云水库流域的实际情况和模拟结果,本论文提出了控制农业非点源污染的管理措施,例如:采取保护性耕作,大力推广高等种植,增加植被覆盖度,建立合理的轮作制度等。
在农业发展压力大的地区,我们不能像发达国家那样通过限制化肥、农药的施用量等措施来减轻或消除农业非点源污染问题,而应采取“预防为主,防治结合”的对策,此外还应加强理论方面的研究。
A soil and water assessment tool (SWAT) based non-point source modeling system of the Miyun Reservoir watershed was established based on investiga -tion of point and non-point source pollution and digital elevation model, land-use, soil, weather, hydrological and water quality data, and agricultural management practices. Measured timeseries stream flow and water quality data were used to calibrate and verify the mode -ling system. The hydrological and sediment simu -lations agree well with observ ations in the Miyun Reservoir watershed. The simul -ation results show that the non-point source modeling system can also be applied to simulate and predict non-point source loadings in the Miyun Reservoir.
Because of the broad affected area and the great technical challenges of non-point pollution in the Miyun reservoir watershed, we should take measures a multidisciplinary, all-round and comprehensive management to exercise effective control. This paper proposes controlling management measures of agricultural non-point source pollution. For example, taking conservation tillage, contour farming, conservation crop rotation, and improving cover crops.
Development pressure in the agricultural areas with great pressure, we can not restrict fertilizer, pesticide application rate, and other measures to reduce or eliminate agricultural non-point source pollution. We should adopt "prevention first, combining prevention," countermeasures. In addition, the Theoretical Study should also be strengthened.
引文
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