新型微波热疗天线的研究与设计
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摘要
肿瘤热疗(Hyperthermia)是一种利用热能引起的生物效应来治疗肿瘤的方法,该技术已在临床治疗中得到较为广泛的应用。在肿瘤热疗中常用的电磁能量有微波、射频和超声波等。其中,微波加热技术过热问题比较少,更安全有效,且具有并发症少、副作用小等优势。而微波热疗的核心问题在于设计辐射效率高且安全的天线。
本文借助于基于时域有限积分(FIT)方法的CST MWS软件,研究、设计和制作了一种适合于局部肿瘤热疗需求的辐射天线,并展开了部分实验研究。论文分为三部分:
第一部分,介绍了微波热疗的作用机理、医用微波辐射天线基本理论及其设计方法,为热疗天线的研制提供了理论依据。
第二部分,设计了用于腔外式辐射的加脊圆波导热疗天线。通过介质填充和口面加载多层介质等方式,优化天线结构,减少天线的能量反射,改善了体模中的电场分布,增加了有效加温深度,提高了天线的辐射效率,并在热疗模型中仿真验证了热疗天线对工作频率的波动和结构参数变化的不敏感性。
第三部分,设计并制作了天线,测量了其阻抗特性。在此基础上搭建了热疗模型,开展了体模实验得到了热疗模型的温升特性,实测数据接近仿真数据,结果表明,所设计的天线满足热疗天线的应用要求。
Hyperthermia has been widely used in tumor cure. It is a tumor therapy which is using biological heat effect. Microwaves, radiofrequency, ultrasonic are commonly used in hyperthermia treatment. Microwave heating technology has less problems of overheat, and is more safety. Furthermore, it has little side effect and other disadvantages. Designing high effective and secure microwave hyperthermia antennas is the key issue for improving of microwave hyperthermia.
In this paper, an antenna for a local tumor hyperthermia is designed using the CAD software CST MWS which is based on Finite Integration Technique. The thesis is composed of three parts.
In the first part, the mechanism of microwave hyperthermia, the basic theory and design methods of microwave medical radiation antennas are introduced, which provided a theoretical foundation for the choice of antenna in microwave hyperthermia field.
In the second part, a ridged circular waveguide is designed as an external radiator. The structure of the antenna is optimized by filling the waveguide with dielectric and loading multilayer dielectric at the radiation surface, which can reduce the reflected energy, make the electric field more concentrated and the increase effective heating depth, as the same time, the radiation efficiency will be improved too. The simulation data shows that the radiation antenna is not sensitive to its working frequency and structure parameters.
In the third part, the process of manufacturing needed antenna is showed, the reflection coefficient of the antenna is measured, and the characteristic of temperature rising is measured by building a hyperthermia model. The results show that the measured data fit close to the simulated data, and it meets the requirement of microwave hyperthermia antenna.
本文借助于基于时域有限积分(FIT)方法的CST MWS软件,研究、设计和制作了一种适合于局部肿瘤热疗需求的辐射天线,并展开了部分实验研究。论文分为三部分:
第一部分,介绍了微波热疗的作用机理、医用微波辐射天线基本理论及其设计方法,为热疗天线的研制提供了理论依据。
第二部分,设计了用于腔外式辐射的加脊圆波导热疗天线。通过介质填充和口面加载多层介质等方式,优化天线结构,减少天线的能量反射,改善了体模中的电场分布,增加了有效加温深度,提高了天线的辐射效率,并在热疗模型中仿真验证了热疗天线对工作频率的波动和结构参数变化的不敏感性。
第三部分,设计并制作了天线,测量了其阻抗特性。在此基础上搭建了热疗模型,开展了体模实验得到了热疗模型的温升特性,实测数据接近仿真数据,结果表明,所设计的天线满足热疗天线的应用要求。
Hyperthermia has been widely used in tumor cure. It is a tumor therapy which is using biological heat effect. Microwaves, radiofrequency, ultrasonic are commonly used in hyperthermia treatment. Microwave heating technology has less problems of overheat, and is more safety. Furthermore, it has little side effect and other disadvantages. Designing high effective and secure microwave hyperthermia antennas is the key issue for improving of microwave hyperthermia.
In this paper, an antenna for a local tumor hyperthermia is designed using the CAD software CST MWS which is based on Finite Integration Technique. The thesis is composed of three parts.
In the first part, the mechanism of microwave hyperthermia, the basic theory and design methods of microwave medical radiation antennas are introduced, which provided a theoretical foundation for the choice of antenna in microwave hyperthermia field.
In the second part, a ridged circular waveguide is designed as an external radiator. The structure of the antenna is optimized by filling the waveguide with dielectric and loading multilayer dielectric at the radiation surface, which can reduce the reflected energy, make the electric field more concentrated and the increase effective heating depth, as the same time, the radiation efficiency will be improved too. The simulation data shows that the radiation antenna is not sensitive to its working frequency and structure parameters.
In the third part, the process of manufacturing needed antenna is showed, the reflection coefficient of the antenna is measured, and the characteristic of temperature rising is measured by building a hyperthermia model. The results show that the measured data fit close to the simulated data, and it meets the requirement of microwave hyperthermia antenna.
引文
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[3]陈代珠.医用微波技术[M].北京:国防工业出版社, 1998.
[4] Koichi Ito, Kazuyuki Saito: Microwave Antennas for Thermal Therapy[J]. Thermal Med, 2007. 23-30.
[5] N. M. Pothecary and C. J. Railton: Finite-Difference Time-Domain modelling of hyperthermia applicators for cancer therapy[J]. IEEE Microwave Theory and Techniques Symposium Digest, (Atlanta), 1993.1151-1154.
[6] R. Seip and E. Ebbini, Noninvasive estimation of tissue temperature response to heating fields using diagnostic ultrasound[J]. IEEE Transactions Biomedical. Engineering, 1995, 42(8):828–839, Aug..
[7] Svein Jacobsen, Paul R. Stauffer, Daniel G. Neuman, Dual-mode antenna Design for Microwave Heating and Noninvasive Thermometry of superficial Tissue Disease[J]. IEEE Transactiongs on biomedical Engineering, 2000.1500-1509.
[8] Giorgio Arcangell, Pietro P. Lombardini, Giorgio A. Lovisolo, Guglielmo Marsiglia, Maurizio Piattelli, Focusing of 915 MHz Electromagnetic Power on Deep Human Tissues: A Mathematical Model Study[J]. IEEE Transactions on biomedical Engineering, 1984. 47-52.
[9] Ruizhi Xu, Yu Zhang, Ming Ma, Jingguang Xia, Jiwei Liu, Quanzhong Guo, and Ning Gu, Measurement of Specific Absorption Rate and Thermal Simulation for Arterial Embolization Hyperthermia in the Maghemite-Gelled Model[J]. IEEE Transactiongs on biomedical Engineering, 2007, 42(8): 1078-1085.
[10] Ali Nasiri Amini, Emad S. Ebbini, Tryphon T. Georgiou, Noninvasive estimation of tissue temperature via high-resolution spectral analysis techniques[J]. IEEE Transactiongs on biomedical Engineering, 2005, 52(2):221-228.
[11] N. Siauve, L. Nicolas, C. Vollaire, A. Nicolas, J. A. Vasconcelos, Optimization of 3-D SAR distribution in local RF hyperthermia[J]. IEEE Trans. Magn., 2004, 40(2):1264–1267.
[12] Guglielmo d’Ambrosio Marco Donald Migliore, Numerical and experimental analysis of leaky-wave microwave applicators[J]. IEEE Transactiongs on Antennas and Propagation, 2004, 52(6):221-228.
[13] Zhong-Shan Deng, Jing Liu, Uncertainties in the Micro/nano-Particles Induced Hyperthermia Treatment on Tumor Subject to External EM Field[J]. IEEE International Conference on Nano/Micro Engineered and Molecular SystemsJanuary, Zhuhai China ,2006, 18-21.
[14] Myerson RJ, Leybovich L, Emami B, etal. Phantom studies and preliminary experience, with the BSD2000 [J]. Int J Hyperthermia. 1991, 7:937-954.
[15] Prevost B, Cordoue DS, Mirabel X, etal. A 915MHz microwave interstitial hyperthermia pert III[J]. Int J Hypert, 1993, 9(4):625
[16]冯辰生,潘英俊,周大秋,吴芳.微波热疗中的温度测量技术[J].传感器技术, 2004,23(11):72-74.
[17]林世寅,李瑞英,毛慧生等.现代肿瘤热疗学-原理、方法与临床[M].北京:学苑出版社, 1997.
[18]任新颖.肿瘤热疗中组织温度场测量方法及关键技术研究[D].博士学位论文.北京:北京工业大学,2008.
[19]陈树湛.肿瘤热疗的温度测控技术及应用研究[D].硕士学位论文.上海:上海交通大学, 2008.
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[21] Q. A. Pankhurst, J. Connolly, S. K. Jones, and J. J. Dobsen, Applications of magnetic nanoparticles in biomedicine[J]. Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics, 2003, 36:167-181.
[22] R. E. Rosensweig, Heating magnetic fluid with alternating magnetic field[J]. Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, vol. 252, pp. 370-374, 2002.
[23] J. Liu, Uncertainty analysis for temperature prediction of biological bodies subject to randomly spatial heating[J]. Journal of Biomechanics, 2001, 34:1637-1642.
[24] Vrba, J., Franconi, C., Montecchia, F., Evanescent-Mode Applicators for Subcutaneous Hyperthermia[J]. IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering, 1993, 40(5):397-407.
[25] K. Saito, Y. Hayashi. H. Yoshimura and K. Ito: Heating Characteristics of Array Applicator Composed of Two Coaxial-Slot Antennas for Microwave Coagulation Therapy[J]. IEEE Trans Microwave Theory & Tech., 2000, 48(11):1801-1806.
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