论英语背诵教学的有效性
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摘要
当今世界,新的英语教学方法犹如雨后春笋,层出不穷。教学方法或策略是用于提高课堂教学质量,增强学生的语言交际能力。大量的数据显示,背诵在外语教学中发挥积极的作用。近年来,国内许多外语专家对背诵进行多方位的研究,取得了丰硕的成果,但研究大部分是集中在大学或者是高中阶段,在初中阶段背诵的实证研究较少。本文想要证明背诵会提高学生们在考试中的综合能力。
本文首先界定背诵的概念,根据《英语课程标准》对背诵的要求,提出本研究的意义;其次介绍与背诵相关的四种理论——克拉申的输入假说、信息加工理论、语言学习理论和词汇组块理论,同时论述了国内外专家和学者对背诵研究概况;接着阐述了中学英语背诵教学的现状,提出应当指导农村学生开展背诵英语课文和短文的思路;然后阐述背诵在外语学习中具有缓解学习焦虑、增强语感、养成用英语思维的习惯、提高理解能力、改善语言技能等多元功能。笔者所在学校初三年两个毕业班学生为对象,在泉州市质检后40天内要求学生背诵一些短文,学生在背诵后参加中考的英语成绩,结果发现背诵短文对学生尤其是农村初中学生外语成绩有积极的影响。研究表明,背诵教学不是落后无用的教学方式,尤其是在农村缺乏英语语言环境的情况下,学生能够通过背诵课文来提高他们的英语水平;加强背诵教学解决学生语言输入不足的问题。因此,教师和学生(特别是农村地区)不能抛弃背诵,而应该对背诵加以重视。本文作者希望,本研究能够为农村地区中学提高学生英语水平提供参照作用。
In the modern times, the new English teaching methods appear like bamboos in spring. Teaching methods or strategies are applied to improve classroom teaching quality and students' language competence in communication. The data from domestic has proved that recitation plays a significant role in foreign language teaching and learning. Researches done by the scholars at home and abroad are almost in the university or in the senior high school. However, little has been done in the junior high school.
The author does a research on recitation in rural junior school to testify the effectiveness of English recitation and its improvement of learners' integrative skills in performance. The paper begins with the definitions of recitation from some world-famous dictionaries and the requirement by the English Curriculum Standards, presents four basic theories, such as Krashen's Input Hypothesis, the Information-process Theory, language learning theory and lexical chunking approach, introduces some researches done by scholars at home and abroad, conducts a 40-day-experiment in a rural school of Hui'an County from May 20th to July 1st and presents the satisfactory results, and then makes some comments on instructions of recitation and proves that recitation can reduce learners' anxiety, promote language awareness, help acquire the target language, form the habit of thinking in English, develop the ability of understanding, and improve both receptive and productive skills. Study shows that recitation is no longer outdated and useless; learners in rural areas can improve their English if they are required to recite some texts; teachers of English who pay much attention to the recitation can solve the problem of students' insufficient input in English learning. The author believes that this study does a favor for English learners in China, especially for students in rural areas because English learning in such areas lacks of communicative environment and recitation does promote students' language input and affect their performance in English learning.
本文首先界定背诵的概念,根据《英语课程标准》对背诵的要求,提出本研究的意义;其次介绍与背诵相关的四种理论——克拉申的输入假说、信息加工理论、语言学习理论和词汇组块理论,同时论述了国内外专家和学者对背诵研究概况;接着阐述了中学英语背诵教学的现状,提出应当指导农村学生开展背诵英语课文和短文的思路;然后阐述背诵在外语学习中具有缓解学习焦虑、增强语感、养成用英语思维的习惯、提高理解能力、改善语言技能等多元功能。笔者所在学校初三年两个毕业班学生为对象,在泉州市质检后40天内要求学生背诵一些短文,学生在背诵后参加中考的英语成绩,结果发现背诵短文对学生尤其是农村初中学生外语成绩有积极的影响。研究表明,背诵教学不是落后无用的教学方式,尤其是在农村缺乏英语语言环境的情况下,学生能够通过背诵课文来提高他们的英语水平;加强背诵教学解决学生语言输入不足的问题。因此,教师和学生(特别是农村地区)不能抛弃背诵,而应该对背诵加以重视。本文作者希望,本研究能够为农村地区中学提高学生英语水平提供参照作用。
In the modern times, the new English teaching methods appear like bamboos in spring. Teaching methods or strategies are applied to improve classroom teaching quality and students' language competence in communication. The data from domestic has proved that recitation plays a significant role in foreign language teaching and learning. Researches done by the scholars at home and abroad are almost in the university or in the senior high school. However, little has been done in the junior high school.
The author does a research on recitation in rural junior school to testify the effectiveness of English recitation and its improvement of learners' integrative skills in performance. The paper begins with the definitions of recitation from some world-famous dictionaries and the requirement by the English Curriculum Standards, presents four basic theories, such as Krashen's Input Hypothesis, the Information-process Theory, language learning theory and lexical chunking approach, introduces some researches done by scholars at home and abroad, conducts a 40-day-experiment in a rural school of Hui'an County from May 20th to July 1st and presents the satisfactory results, and then makes some comments on instructions of recitation and proves that recitation can reduce learners' anxiety, promote language awareness, help acquire the target language, form the habit of thinking in English, develop the ability of understanding, and improve both receptive and productive skills. Study shows that recitation is no longer outdated and useless; learners in rural areas can improve their English if they are required to recite some texts; teachers of English who pay much attention to the recitation can solve the problem of students' insufficient input in English learning. The author believes that this study does a favor for English learners in China, especially for students in rural areas because English learning in such areas lacks of communicative environment and recitation does promote students' language input and affect their performance in English learning.
引文
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Cook,Guy.1994.Repetition and learning by heart:An aspect of intimate discourse,and its implications,ELT Journal Vol.48 (2):133-141.
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Hakuta,K.1974.Prefabricated patterns and the emergence of structure in second language acquisition,Language Learning Vol.24 (2):287-297.
Harmer,Jeremy.2003.The Practice of English Language Teaching.Pearson Education North Asia Limited.
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Izumi,S.M.2002.Output,input enhancement,and the noticing hypothesis.Studies in Second Language Acquisition Vol.24 (1):541-577.
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