基于SVG的WebGIS空间数据可视化研究
摘要
社会信息化、网络技术的蓬勃发展为WebGIS的普及和大众化提供了广阔的发展空间。传统的Web语言HTML是一种超文本标记语言,随着Web上信息类型的日益增多,它不利于表现地理空间数据。且许多WebGIS应用都依赖于特定的GIS软件,GIS软件和数据格式多种多样,难以互操作,缺乏灵活性。
本文分析研究了当前WebGIS的研究现状、WebGIS的实现方法、常用构造模型,归纳总结出WebGIS的发展趋势。
通过对SVG技术的研究,加强SVG应用于WebGIS的优势。为了实现GIS在互联网上的广泛传播,解决多源空间数据的集成和互操作,使用国际标准GML。具有兼容性、动态性、交互性、可缩放、平台无关等特点的SVG能满足日益增长的需求。
为解决WebGIS中矢量传输和空间数据显示问题,将二者结合,考虑在WebGIS中采用GML作为服务器端多数据源的数据交换格式,实现地理信息交换、共享,以SVG做为矢量地图发布格式来实现空间信息的可视化,建立基于SVG的WebGIS模型。
着重对客户端空间数据可视化进行研究,探讨了构建WebGIS平台时用到的一些关键技术。研究以GML文档存储的空间数据通过XSLT转换为SVG文档,转换成功后进行地图加载、压缩传输,实现数据可视化。
最后基于SVG技术,对所建模型进行试验验证,实现空间数据可视化,并对如何实现基于SVG的WebGIS性能优化进行了研究。
The informationization of society and development of network technology provide widest space for WebGIS to popular. Traditional Web language HTML is a kind of hypertext markup language. With the appearance of manifold information type, the disadvantages of HTML for representing spatial data are exposured. Many applications of WebGIS are based on special GIS software, but the software and the data format are various, it’s hard to interoperate and lack of agility.
The researchful actuality, the realized method, the common structure model of WebGIS are analysed in the paper and the developing trend of webGIS is summed up.
The advantages of SVG are strengthened by researching the technologies of SVG. GML is used to solve the integration and interoperatility of multi-source spatial date and to complete transmission on the Internet. With many characteristics such as compatibility, dynamic,interoperatility,scability,independence, SVG can satisfy the increasing demands.
Combining the GML and SVG is able to resolve the problems of WebGIS about the vector transmission and the spatial data displaying. GML is used as the exchanging data about multi-source spatial date on the client to complete exchanging and sharing the information. SVG is used as the format of vetor maps to complete the spatial data visualization. The model of WebGIS is built based on SVG.
The research about the spatial data visualization on the client is emphasized with some key technologies which are discussed to make up the plateform. The theory that the format of spatial data is transformed from GML to SVG with XSLT is researched. The map will be loaded and transmitted by compress after completing transform to complete visualization.
The structural model is validated by experiment at last to complete spatial data visualization. How to realize the performance optimized of WebGIS based on SVG is set forth at the end of the paper.
本文分析研究了当前WebGIS的研究现状、WebGIS的实现方法、常用构造模型,归纳总结出WebGIS的发展趋势。
通过对SVG技术的研究,加强SVG应用于WebGIS的优势。为了实现GIS在互联网上的广泛传播,解决多源空间数据的集成和互操作,使用国际标准GML。具有兼容性、动态性、交互性、可缩放、平台无关等特点的SVG能满足日益增长的需求。
为解决WebGIS中矢量传输和空间数据显示问题,将二者结合,考虑在WebGIS中采用GML作为服务器端多数据源的数据交换格式,实现地理信息交换、共享,以SVG做为矢量地图发布格式来实现空间信息的可视化,建立基于SVG的WebGIS模型。
着重对客户端空间数据可视化进行研究,探讨了构建WebGIS平台时用到的一些关键技术。研究以GML文档存储的空间数据通过XSLT转换为SVG文档,转换成功后进行地图加载、压缩传输,实现数据可视化。
最后基于SVG技术,对所建模型进行试验验证,实现空间数据可视化,并对如何实现基于SVG的WebGIS性能优化进行了研究。
The informationization of society and development of network technology provide widest space for WebGIS to popular. Traditional Web language HTML is a kind of hypertext markup language. With the appearance of manifold information type, the disadvantages of HTML for representing spatial data are exposured. Many applications of WebGIS are based on special GIS software, but the software and the data format are various, it’s hard to interoperate and lack of agility.
The researchful actuality, the realized method, the common structure model of WebGIS are analysed in the paper and the developing trend of webGIS is summed up.
The advantages of SVG are strengthened by researching the technologies of SVG. GML is used to solve the integration and interoperatility of multi-source spatial date and to complete transmission on the Internet. With many characteristics such as compatibility, dynamic,interoperatility,scability,independence, SVG can satisfy the increasing demands.
Combining the GML and SVG is able to resolve the problems of WebGIS about the vector transmission and the spatial data displaying. GML is used as the exchanging data about multi-source spatial date on the client to complete exchanging and sharing the information. SVG is used as the format of vetor maps to complete the spatial data visualization. The model of WebGIS is built based on SVG.
The research about the spatial data visualization on the client is emphasized with some key technologies which are discussed to make up the plateform. The theory that the format of spatial data is transformed from GML to SVG with XSLT is researched. The map will be loaded and transmitted by compress after completing transform to complete visualization.
The structural model is validated by experiment at last to complete spatial data visualization. How to realize the performance optimized of WebGIS based on SVG is set forth at the end of the paper.
引文
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[3]尚武.网络地理信息系统(WebGIS)的现状及前景[J].地质通报,2006,25(4):533~537
[4]朱江,宋关福,钟耳顺等.基于Web Services和.NET技术的新一代WebGIS研究与开发[J] .地理信息世界,2004,2(2):17~20
[5]马安岭.SVG技术在WebGIS上的研究与应用[D].天津:天津大学,2007
[6]丁峰.基于Web服务的Web GIS若干技术研究[D].南京:南京工业大学,2005:38~54
[7]于雪芹.基于GML的矢量空间数据转换方法及应用研究[D].武汉:武汉大学,2005:7~14
[8] Galdos Systems Inc . Top 10 Benefits of Using GML[EB/OL].http://spatialnews. geocomsn.com/features/gml/topten.html
[9] Huang Jian, Cheng Xin, Weng Jing nong.GML Application in Geo-Spatial Information Management of Digital Campus System.the 8th Joint International Computer Conference, 2002:7~9
[10]兰华.基于GML和SVG的WebGIS数据的存储交换和显示研究[D].重庆:西南大学, 2007
[11] Zhang Lin, Chen Shibin.GML-based Spatial Data Visualization Strategy On The Web [J].
[12] Ma, R.,Wan, B.,Hu, Q.,Lu, S. A multi-agent system using in spatial information sharing on Web-based GIS. Natural Language Processing and Knowledge Engineering,,2005
[13] Tim Bray,Jean Paoli,C.M.Sperberg-McQueen,Eve Maier.Extensible Markup language (XML)1.0(SecondEdition)[C].W3CRecommendation,2000,6
[14]肖婷.基于SVG的WebGIS的研究与应用[D].南京:南京理工大学,2007
[15] SVG Generator:SVG Graphics2D [EB/OL].http://xmlgraphics.apache.org/ batik/using/ svg-generator.html
[16]桑锦国.基于SVG的WebGIS的研究与实现[D].济南:山东大学,2004
[17] Peng ZhongRen, Zhang Chuanrong.The roles of GML, SVG and WFS specifications in the development of Internet GIS, Geographical Systems,2004,6:95~116
[18] Zhang Jun, Guan Jihong, Zhang Jianhua.Geographicinformation integration and publishing based on GML and SVG[A].Proceedings of The 4th Conference on Computer and Information Technology,2004
[19]吴彬卓.SVG技术在WebGIS中的应用研究[D].广州:中国科学院广州地球化学研究所,2005:11~15
[20]马庆勋,武法东,韩伟民.基于GML和WFS及SVG的WebGIS实现框架[J].测绘科学,2006,(4)
[21] T.Badard, D.Richard.Using XML for the exchange of updating information between geographical information Systems[J].Computers Environment and Urban Systems,2001,25(1):17~31
[22]谢文君,孟令奎.一种基于XML的WebGIS研究与实现[J].地理空间信息,2006,4(2):58~60
[23] Di Sciascio Eugenio,Donini Francesco,Mongiello Marina.A logic for SVG documents query and retrieval[J].Multimedia Tools and Applications,,2004,24(2):125~153
[24] Wu Qunyong, Zhou Chenghu.Study on GML and SVG-based Open WebGIS and Its Application.International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium,2005,2
[25]吴运超.基于SVG的网络专题制图研究[D].武汉:武汉大学,2004,15~24
[26]叶锐,任静.SVG图像技术在WebGlS中的应用研究[J].计算机技术与发展,2007,17(1)
[27] Zhang Aiguo, Wu Qunyong, Wang Qinmin.The design and implementation of Web visualization for GML data[J].Science of Surveying and Mapping,2007,1
[28] Guo Zhifeng, Wang Xingling, Sun Guoqing.Reaearch and application on spatial data Web service based on .Net platform, Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium,2003
[29] Ying Jianghui, Denis Gracanin, Lu ChangTien.Web Visualization of Geo-Spatial Data using SVG and VRML/X3D,Proceeding of the Third International Conference on Image and Graphics,2004
[30]石善斌.SVG在LBS中的应用研究[D].郑州:中国人们解放军信息工程大学,2005:7~15
[31]卢娟.基于GML的WebGIS数据互操作研究[D].武汉:武汉大学,2004
[32]孙美娟.基于XML技术的空间信息发布方法研究[D].北京:北京林业大学,2006
[33]庄剑斌.基于GML的WebGIS研究及应用[D].福州:福州大学,2005
[34] Zhang Jun,Guan lihong,Zhang Jianhua etc.Geographic information integration and publishing based on GML and SVG[C].The Fourth International Conference on Computer and Information Technology,2004(CIT'04),764～769
[35]王颖,刘国华,林亮亮.WebGIS中异构数据源的集成[J].计算机工程,2005,31:122~124
[36]常小慧,李宏伟,黄海文等.基于GML/SVG的WebGIS体系结构设计与实现[J].地球信息科学,2006,8(4):35~37
[37]王安雨.基于SVG的WebGIS架构模型的设计与实现[D].成都:西南交通大学,2007
[38]陈春来,石纯,昊丹.论WebGIS及其趋势[J].衡阳师范学院学报(自然科学版),2004,23(3):98~101
[39]童恒建,杨贵仙,张志毅等.地理信息系统的发展趋势和对策研究[J].科技进步与对策, 2003,5:143~145
[40]面向图形可扩展矢量图形规范[EB/OL].http://www.chinasvg.com/index.php? option=com_content&task=view&id=39&Itemid=3
[41] Kurt Nermark.A Graph Library Extension of SVG SVG[C].Open 2007 Conference and Exhibition,2007
[42] SVG Generator:SVGGraphics2D [EB/OL].http://xmlgraphics.apache.org/batik/using/ svg-generator.html
[43] Gao Jerry,Zhu Eugene,Shim Simon.SVG-based Web Publishing.SPIE 2003,50(18): 236~247
[44] Ralf Kunze.Dynamic and interactive visualization of weather data with SVG[C].SVG Open 2005 Conference and Exhibition,2005
[45]段红华.基于地理标记语言与SVG的WebGIS模型及其应用研究[D].武汉:华中科技大学,2006
[46] IPFG Hnmenage.http://www.jpeg.org/jpeg/index.html
[47] Precision Graphics Markup Language(PGML).http://www.w3.org/TR/1998/ NOTE-PGML-19980410.10, April,1998
[48] PNG(Portable Network Graphics).http://www.w3.org/Graphics/PNG/
[49]袁家政.可伸缩矢量图形(SVG)的数据表示研究[D].北京:北京交通大学,2008,2~29
[50] GML、SVG、VML的比较http://blog.csdn.net/huijunzi/archive/2004/03/25/5095.aspx
[51]陈传波,赵婷.SVG与XML的集成技术在动态Web图像上的应用[J].计算机工程与科学,2000,24(3)
[52] Du Wencai,Yair Gabay,Yerahmiel Doytsher.Web Mapping Using SVG[C].International Conference on Computer Graphics and Spatial Information System,2002
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