基于法拉第磁光效应的光学电流传感器特性研究
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摘要
随着电力系统电压等级和容量的不断提高以及数字化变电站的发展,传统电流传感器越来越难以适应电力系统的要求。光学电流传感器具有体积小、成本低、运行安全可靠、适应数字化变电站要求等优点,成为人们重点研究的对象。光学电流传感器原理各有不同,也各有优缺点。但是,综合各种原理的光学电流传感器,发现磁光介质是制约其发展的最大瓶颈。另外,已有光学电流传感器的研究,鲜有对其响应特性进行系统研究。故本文采用MR3-2新型磁光玻璃和铁磁流体两种新型磁光介质,对基于法拉第磁光效应的光学电流传感器响应特性进行系统研究。
本文首先介绍了法拉第磁光效应的基本原理和相关理论。对法拉第磁光效应的经典理论和顺磁性物质的法拉第磁光效应的量子理论做了重点介绍。
根据马吕斯定律,对基于法拉第磁光效应的光学电流传感器的响应特性进行了仿真。主要包括:交流正弦激励下响应的波形、响应的幅值特性和频率特性;方波激励下响应的波形和幅值特性。通过仿真,得到了合适的参数和条件,为实验中参数的确定提供了依据。
建立并介绍了本文采用的基于法拉第磁光效应的光学电流传感器实验平台。对实验平台中重要器件的参数进行了计算和说明。为进一步改进实验平台提供了有效的依据。
最后,基于上述实验平台,采用MR3-2新型磁光玻璃和铁磁流体两种磁光介质,对基于法拉第磁光效应的光学电流传感器的响应特性进行了实验研究。主要包括:交流正弦激励下响应的波形、幅值特性和频率特性;方波脉冲激励下的响应波形;交流正弦激励下响应的温度特性。通过实验数据的分析,找到了铁磁流体“倍频”现象的原因。提出了一些实验平台和磁光介质参数的改进措施,并对两种磁光介质的不同特点做了分析。
With the voltage level and capacity development of the power system and the development of digital substation, the traditional power current sensor is increasingly difficult to adapt to system requirements. Optical current sensor with small size, low cost, safe and reliable operation to meet the requirements of digital substations etc., become the object of research focus. Optical current sensors have different principle, advantages and disadvantages also. Still, magneto-optical medium is found in the greatest bottleneck constraining the development of optical current sensors which have different principle. In addition, there are few research of response characteristics. Therefore, this paper uses two new magneto-optical media, MR3-2 new magneto-optical glass and ferrofluid, do system research of response characteristics of the optical current sensor based on Faraday magneto-optical effect.
At first, the basic principles of Faraday magneto-optical effect and the related theories have been introduced, focuses on the classical theory of Faraday magneto-optical effect and quantum theory of Faraday magneto-optical effect of Paramagnetic material.
Secondly, the response characteristics of the optical current sensor based on Faraday magneto-optical effect have been simulated according to the Malus Law. Include: Waveform of response, Amplitude characteristic, Frequency characteristic in AC sine wave excitation; Waveform of response, Amplitude characteristic in square excitation. The simulation can provide appropriate parameters and conditions, and basis is provided for determining the parameters of experiment.
Then, the experiment platform of the optical current sensor based on Faraday magneto-optical effect in this paper has been introduced and established. Parameters of important devices in this experimental platform have been calculated and introduced. To further improve the experimental platform provides an effective basis.
Finally, based on the experimental platform, with the MR3-2 magneto-optical glass and ferrofluid, response characteristics of the optical current sensor based on Faraday magneto-optical effect were studied. Include: Waveform, Amplitude characteristic and Frequency characteristic of response in AC sine wave excitation; Waveform of response in square impulse excitation; Temperature characteristics of response in AC sine wave excitation. Through the analysis of experimental data, found the reason of "frequency multiplication" phenomenon in ferrofluid.Made a number of improvements of experimental platforms and the magneto-optical medium parameters, and the different feature of two kinds magneto-optical medium were analyzed.
本文首先介绍了法拉第磁光效应的基本原理和相关理论。对法拉第磁光效应的经典理论和顺磁性物质的法拉第磁光效应的量子理论做了重点介绍。
根据马吕斯定律,对基于法拉第磁光效应的光学电流传感器的响应特性进行了仿真。主要包括:交流正弦激励下响应的波形、响应的幅值特性和频率特性;方波激励下响应的波形和幅值特性。通过仿真,得到了合适的参数和条件,为实验中参数的确定提供了依据。
建立并介绍了本文采用的基于法拉第磁光效应的光学电流传感器实验平台。对实验平台中重要器件的参数进行了计算和说明。为进一步改进实验平台提供了有效的依据。
最后,基于上述实验平台,采用MR3-2新型磁光玻璃和铁磁流体两种磁光介质,对基于法拉第磁光效应的光学电流传感器的响应特性进行了实验研究。主要包括:交流正弦激励下响应的波形、幅值特性和频率特性;方波脉冲激励下的响应波形;交流正弦激励下响应的温度特性。通过实验数据的分析,找到了铁磁流体“倍频”现象的原因。提出了一些实验平台和磁光介质参数的改进措施,并对两种磁光介质的不同特点做了分析。
With the voltage level and capacity development of the power system and the development of digital substation, the traditional power current sensor is increasingly difficult to adapt to system requirements. Optical current sensor with small size, low cost, safe and reliable operation to meet the requirements of digital substations etc., become the object of research focus. Optical current sensors have different principle, advantages and disadvantages also. Still, magneto-optical medium is found in the greatest bottleneck constraining the development of optical current sensors which have different principle. In addition, there are few research of response characteristics. Therefore, this paper uses two new magneto-optical media, MR3-2 new magneto-optical glass and ferrofluid, do system research of response characteristics of the optical current sensor based on Faraday magneto-optical effect.
At first, the basic principles of Faraday magneto-optical effect and the related theories have been introduced, focuses on the classical theory of Faraday magneto-optical effect and quantum theory of Faraday magneto-optical effect of Paramagnetic material.
Secondly, the response characteristics of the optical current sensor based on Faraday magneto-optical effect have been simulated according to the Malus Law. Include: Waveform of response, Amplitude characteristic, Frequency characteristic in AC sine wave excitation; Waveform of response, Amplitude characteristic in square excitation. The simulation can provide appropriate parameters and conditions, and basis is provided for determining the parameters of experiment.
Then, the experiment platform of the optical current sensor based on Faraday magneto-optical effect in this paper has been introduced and established. Parameters of important devices in this experimental platform have been calculated and introduced. To further improve the experimental platform provides an effective basis.
Finally, based on the experimental platform, with the MR3-2 magneto-optical glass and ferrofluid, response characteristics of the optical current sensor based on Faraday magneto-optical effect were studied. Include: Waveform, Amplitude characteristic and Frequency characteristic of response in AC sine wave excitation; Waveform of response in square impulse excitation; Temperature characteristics of response in AC sine wave excitation. Through the analysis of experimental data, found the reason of "frequency multiplication" phenomenon in ferrofluid.Made a number of improvements of experimental platforms and the magneto-optical medium parameters, and the different feature of two kinds magneto-optical medium were analyzed.
引文
[1]林明晖.磁光式电流互感器的铁磁流体磁光特性实验研究.重庆大学硕士论文, 2008
[2]张雪原.法拉第镜式光学电流互感器的理论研究.哈尔滨工程大学硕士论文, 2004
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[31] Mihailovic P, Petricevic S, Stojkovic Z, Radunovic J.B. Development of a portable fiber-optic current sensor for power systems monitoring [J]. IEEE Trans on Istrumentation and Measurement, 2004, 53(1): 24-30
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[35]殷海荣,章春香,刘立营.高Verdet系数Faraday玻璃磁光理论及其应用[J].硅酸盐通报,2008, 27(4):748-753
[36]赵勇,董俊良,陈倩倩,李星.磁流体的光学特性及其在光电信息传感领域中的应用[J].光电工程, 2009, 36(7):126-131
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[2]张雪原.法拉第镜式光学电流互感器的理论研究.哈尔滨工程大学硕士论文, 2004
[3] T.D.McClelland, 345kV Substation Optical Current Measurement system for Revenue Metering and Protective Relaying, IEEE Trans. on power Delivery, 1991
[4] T.W.MacDougall, D.R Lutz R.A.Wandmacher, Development of a Fiber Optic Current Sensor for Power System, IEEE Trans. on Power Delivery, 1992,Vol. PWRD–7(2):848–852
[5] T.D.Mafferone,T.M.McClelland,345kV Substation Optical Current Measurement System forRevenue Metering and Protective Relaying,IEEE Trans. on Power Delivery, 1991,PWRD-6(4):1430-1437
[6] Patterson R L, Rose A H, Tang D, Day G W. A fiber-optic current sensor for aerospace applications [J]. Aerospce and Electric System Magazine, IEEE. 1990, 5(12): 10-14
[7] Dawson J.W, MacDougall T.W, Hernandez E. Verdet constant limited temperature response of a fiber-optic current sensor[J]. IEEE Photonics Technology Letters,1995,7,1468-1470
[8] Tantaswadi P, Tangtrongbenchasil C, Maheshwari S.Study of current measurement error due to vibration in reciprocal fiber-optic polarimetric current sensor,4th IEEE International Conference on Power Electronics and Drive Systems,2001, PEDS 2001.Proceedings of the IEEE,2001,2:699-704
[9] Kobayashi S, Horide A, Taka-gi I, Higaki M. et al. Development and field test evaluation of optical current and voltage transformers for gas insulated switchgear [J]. IEEE Trans on Power Delivery, 1992, 7(2): 815-821
[10] Cruden A, Richardson Z J, NcDonald J R, Andonovic I. Optical crystal based devices for current and voltage measurement [J]. IEEE Trans on Power Delivery, 1995, 10(3): 1217-1223
[11] Cease T W, Johnston P A. Magneto-optic current transducer [J]. IEEE Trans on Power Delivery, 1990, 5(2): 548 - 555
[12]朱勇,叶妙元,刘杰等. 220kV组合式光学电压电流传感器的设计[J].高电压技术, 2000, 26(2): 34-36
[13]李红斌,张明明,叶齐政,刘延冰等. 500kV组合式光学电流电压传感器性能分析[J].高电压技术, 2003, 29(11):7-8, 64
[14]叶国雄,刘延冰,张明明,易本顺等. 500kV组合式光学电流、电压传感器[J].电测与仪表, 2001, 38(427) :21-29
[15] Varga J,Szingvari Y,Ferenctchi E.IR-Poled second-harmonic generation in glass. Opt.Lasers Technol.2002,34: 471-3
[16] Kityk IV.IR-induced second harmonic generation in Sb2Te3-BaF2-PbC12 glasses.J.phys. Chem.B 2003;107B(37):10083-7
[17]乔卉,刘会金,王群峰,陈允平.基于Rogowski线圈传感的光电电流传感器的研究[J].继电器, 2002, 30(7):40-43
[18] Zhang Gang, Li Shaohui, Zhang Zhipeng, Cao Wei. A novel electro-optic hybrid current measurement instrument for high-voltage power lines [J]. IEEE Trans on Instrumentation and measurement, 2001, 50(1):59-62
[19] Bull J.D., Jaeger N.A.F., Rahmatian F. A new hybrid current sensor for high-voltage applications[J]. IEEE Trans on Power Delivery, 2005, 20(1): 32-38
[20] Dziuda L., Niewczas P., McDonald J.R.. Hybrid fiber-optic current sensor for remote monitoring of electrical submersible plant [J]. Senser IEEE, 2005
[21]李芙英,纪昆,臧金奎.基于DSP的光学电流传感器的实用化设计[J].电网技术, 2002, 26(6):46-48, 48-52
[22]尚秋峰,杨以涵,高桦.一种高准确度有源光学电流传感器的研制与校验[J].电工技术学报, 2005, 20(3):105-110
[23] Ramboz J.D.. Machinable Rogowski coil, design, and calibration [J]. IEEE Trans on Instrumentation and measurement, 1996, 45(2):511-515
[24] Saitoh M., Kimura T., Minami Y., Yamanaka N., Maruyama S., Nakajima T., Kosakada M.. Electronic instrument transformers for integrated substation systems. Transmission and Distribution Conference and Exhibition 2002: Asia Pacific. IEEE/PES. 1:459-464
[25] Karrer N., Hofer-Noser P.. PCB Rogowski coils for high di/dt current measurement. Power Electronic Specialist Conference, 2000. PESC00,2000 IEEE 31st Annual, 3:1296-1301
[26]乔卉,刘会金,王群峰,陈允平.基于Rogowski线圈传感的光电电流传感器的研究[J].继电器, 2002, 30(7):40-43
[27] Aikawa E, Ueda A, Watanabe M, Takahashi H et al. Development of new concept optical zero-sequence current voltage transducers for distribution network[J]. IEEE Trans on Power Delivery, 199l, 11(1): 414-420
[28] Y.Ning,B.C.B.Chu,D.A.Jackson,,Miniature Faraday.Current Sensor Based on Multiple Critical Angle Reflections in a bulk-optic Ring, Optic Letters,1991,16(24):1996-1998
[29] B.C.B.Chu et al,Faraday Current Censor That Uses a Triangular-shaped Bulk Optic Sening Element,Optics Letters,1992,Vol.17(16):1167-1169
[30] T.Sato,G.Takahashi,Y.Inui,Method and Apparatus for Optically Measuring a Current.European Patent Application,Application No.83102230.6,Publication No.Ep 0088419 Al
[31] Mihailovic P, Petricevic S, Stojkovic Z, Radunovic J.B. Development of a portable fiber-optic current sensor for power systems monitoring [J]. IEEE Trans on Istrumentation and Measurement, 2004, 53(1): 24-30
[32]关宏亮,尚秋峰,杨以涵.混合型光学电流传感器的集磁环传感头[J].电力自动化设备, 2005, 25(2):31-33
[33]焦斌亮,郑绳楦.用于电力系统的光学电流互感器技术进展[J].应用光学, 2004, 25(6):47-53
[34]尚勇,李洪杰,严璋,郭天兴.光学电流传感器研究的历史与现状[J].电力电容器, 2000, (1):16-22
[35]殷海荣,章春香,刘立营.高Verdet系数Faraday玻璃磁光理论及其应用[J].硅酸盐通报,2008, 27(4):748-753
[36]赵勇,董俊良,陈倩倩,李星.磁流体的光学特性及其在光电信息传感领域中的应用[J].光电工程, 2009, 36(7):126-131
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