自然纳米结构的光功能特性及仿生应用
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摘要
大自然是创造的宝库,是人类赖以生存的基础和智慧的源泉。在长达亿万年的进化过程中,大自然中的各种生物为了更好地适应环境,在激烈的生存竞争中胜出,进化出了及其丰富的纳米身体结构来满足其对于特殊光功能的需求。仿生学是一门古老的学科,从人类诞生以来我们就不断地汲取着大自然智慧的养分。进入新世纪以来,由于能源问题和人口问题等危机日益突出,探索和制备新型的光功能纳米结构的需求越来越迫切,一系列自然光功能纳米结构的发现和深入研究为解决这个问题提供了新的可能性。
基于此认识,本研究在以下方面做出了尝试。一方面,对Ornithoptera goliath,Troides aeacus和Papilio helenus Linnaeus三种蝴蝶黑色翅膀背部鳞片的微结构和光学性能进行了研究,并进行了三维时域有限差分法的建模计算和理论分析;另一方面,利用在Ornithoptera goliath翅膀背部黑色鳞片中发现的高效纳米减反结构制备了超黑超薄的非晶碳薄膜;除了以上两个方面之外,还对植物叶片中的分级纳米多孔结构对所制备的发光材料的光性能的影响进行了研究和计算。所得的主要研究结论如下:
1.在三种黑色蝴蝶翅膀背部鳞片中发现了三种不同的可以有效增加光吸收的纳米结构,分别为Ornithoptera goliath中类似微波暗室吸波体的尖劈形结构、Troides aeacus中脊隔交错纳米双排孔结构以及Papilio helenus Linnaeus中的类蜂窝状亚波长纳米孔阵列。以上纳米结构使黑色鳞片实现了99%的光吸收和1%的光反射,其中对于反射的衰减达到92%。
2.基于Ornithoptera goliath中的倒V型尖劈纳米结构,通过真空烧结法制备了超黑超薄的非晶碳薄膜。薄膜的厚度只有5μm,只有之前报道的超黑才老的1/6左右,但是对于光线的吸收性能却与之相近。薄膜中倒V型的纳米减反结构使得反射的能量只有平板结构碳膜的1/14。除此之外,本研究还第一次计算出了生物质资源转化的非晶碳材料在可见光波段的复折射率。
3.通过对比继承自树叶结构的具有纳米分级多孔的硅酸钙发光材料以及不具有纳米分级多孔结构的硅酸钙发光材料的发光性能,并进行相关的实验和理论计算,发现纳米分级多孔结构可以在材料表面形成折射率递增的高效减反层,同时有效增加材料的比表面积和孔容,使材料有更高的光吸收和发光效率。
Fast-developing technology and industry place urgent calls on novel high-efficient and environment-friendly optical nano-materials, which contribute to better life and sustainable living. Distinct novel optical properties can be achieved by applying carefully designed nanostructures into appropriate materials due to the nanometer confinement of radiation.
Compared with our finite knowledge, nature provides us millions of years of research that can help us. With a goal to achieve high performance nanophotonic design in a biomimetic manner, this study has been carried out with emphasis on three sections.
Section?I mainly reports the discovery of three different types of novel nano-scale antireflection architectures in the dorsal scales of the black wings of butterfly Ornithoptera goliath, Troides aeacus and Papilio helenus Linnaeus respectively. The corrugated and porous architectures help reduce additive reflective energy loss from 14% in visible light for a planar scale to merely ~1% or even less, and contribute more than 10% increase in absorption, which can improve the competitiveness of the butterflies for survival.
Section II mainly describes an ultrathin but super black a-C film which is inspired by the anti-reflection inverse-V type architecture in black wings of butterfly Onithoptera goliath. This film achieved super blackness of an average of 99% light absorption and less than 1% reflection in the visible light spectrum (380nm-795nm). Compared with the flat plate amorphous carbon film, reflection reduces approximately 12 times. Reflection of the V-type surface a-C also reduces 7 times than that of glassy carbon whose reflection is about 8%.
SectionⅢmainly discusses the effects of the natural hierarchical nano-pores on light harvesting efficiency and light emitting efficiency of the leaf-templated Eu3+ doped calcium silicate phosphor. The hierarchical nano-pores are arranged in layers which are characterized by the average pore size. The layered structure acts as a graded refractive index interface which greatly reduced wanted reflective radiation. The nano-pores also create much larger surface area and pore-volume, which also increase the light emitting property of the materials.
基于此认识,本研究在以下方面做出了尝试。一方面,对Ornithoptera goliath,Troides aeacus和Papilio helenus Linnaeus三种蝴蝶黑色翅膀背部鳞片的微结构和光学性能进行了研究,并进行了三维时域有限差分法的建模计算和理论分析;另一方面,利用在Ornithoptera goliath翅膀背部黑色鳞片中发现的高效纳米减反结构制备了超黑超薄的非晶碳薄膜;除了以上两个方面之外,还对植物叶片中的分级纳米多孔结构对所制备的发光材料的光性能的影响进行了研究和计算。所得的主要研究结论如下:
1.在三种黑色蝴蝶翅膀背部鳞片中发现了三种不同的可以有效增加光吸收的纳米结构,分别为Ornithoptera goliath中类似微波暗室吸波体的尖劈形结构、Troides aeacus中脊隔交错纳米双排孔结构以及Papilio helenus Linnaeus中的类蜂窝状亚波长纳米孔阵列。以上纳米结构使黑色鳞片实现了99%的光吸收和1%的光反射,其中对于反射的衰减达到92%。
2.基于Ornithoptera goliath中的倒V型尖劈纳米结构,通过真空烧结法制备了超黑超薄的非晶碳薄膜。薄膜的厚度只有5μm,只有之前报道的超黑才老的1/6左右,但是对于光线的吸收性能却与之相近。薄膜中倒V型的纳米减反结构使得反射的能量只有平板结构碳膜的1/14。除此之外,本研究还第一次计算出了生物质资源转化的非晶碳材料在可见光波段的复折射率。
3.通过对比继承自树叶结构的具有纳米分级多孔的硅酸钙发光材料以及不具有纳米分级多孔结构的硅酸钙发光材料的发光性能,并进行相关的实验和理论计算,发现纳米分级多孔结构可以在材料表面形成折射率递增的高效减反层,同时有效增加材料的比表面积和孔容,使材料有更高的光吸收和发光效率。
Fast-developing technology and industry place urgent calls on novel high-efficient and environment-friendly optical nano-materials, which contribute to better life and sustainable living. Distinct novel optical properties can be achieved by applying carefully designed nanostructures into appropriate materials due to the nanometer confinement of radiation.
Compared with our finite knowledge, nature provides us millions of years of research that can help us. With a goal to achieve high performance nanophotonic design in a biomimetic manner, this study has been carried out with emphasis on three sections.
Section?I mainly reports the discovery of three different types of novel nano-scale antireflection architectures in the dorsal scales of the black wings of butterfly Ornithoptera goliath, Troides aeacus and Papilio helenus Linnaeus respectively. The corrugated and porous architectures help reduce additive reflective energy loss from 14% in visible light for a planar scale to merely ~1% or even less, and contribute more than 10% increase in absorption, which can improve the competitiveness of the butterflies for survival.
Section II mainly describes an ultrathin but super black a-C film which is inspired by the anti-reflection inverse-V type architecture in black wings of butterfly Onithoptera goliath. This film achieved super blackness of an average of 99% light absorption and less than 1% reflection in the visible light spectrum (380nm-795nm). Compared with the flat plate amorphous carbon film, reflection reduces approximately 12 times. Reflection of the V-type surface a-C also reduces 7 times than that of glassy carbon whose reflection is about 8%.
SectionⅢmainly discusses the effects of the natural hierarchical nano-pores on light harvesting efficiency and light emitting efficiency of the leaf-templated Eu3+ doped calcium silicate phosphor. The hierarchical nano-pores are arranged in layers which are characterized by the average pore size. The layered structure acts as a graded refractive index interface which greatly reduced wanted reflective radiation. The nano-pores also create much larger surface area and pore-volume, which also increase the light emitting property of the materials.
引文
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