改性红壤吸附去除水中磷的研究
|
摘要
随着工农业的发展和人类生活的改善,大量含磷污水的过度排放,导致了水体富营养化。因而,需要寻求一种简单有效且经济廉价的除磷方法。
吸附法除磷近年来受到广泛的关注,许多天然或人工合成材料被用做吸附剂除磷。为了降低吸附除磷技术的成本,提高除磷效果,寻找低价高效的吸附剂已经成为吸附除磷领域的研究热点。
本文用FeCl3对红壤进行改性,将得到的改性红壤作为吸附剂用于对磷的吸附去除研究。实验结果表明,改性红壤对磷酸根有显著的吸附作用,35℃时的最大吸附容量为428.4 mg/g。整个吸附过程是一个自发的放热过程,符合Freundlich等温线模型和准二级反应动力学。溶液pH值和温度对磷酸根在改性红壤上的吸附有明显影响,随着pH和温度的升高,改性红壤的吸附容量降低,但离子强度和几种共存阴离子对吸附没有明显影响。对吸附剂的解吸和重复吸附实验研究表明,1 M NaOH溶液对吸附后改性红壤的洗脱效果最好,磷的解吸率达到98%。在重复使用4次之后,吸附剂对磷仍然有很好的吸附性能。对磷酸根吸附机理的研究表明,静电吸引和表面络合作用是改性红壤吸附磷酸根的主要机理。
With the development of industry and agriculture and the improvement of people's life, the excessive discharge of sewage containing phosphate causes eutrophication. Thus, it's necessary to pursue a simple, efficient and economic method for phosphorus removal.
Adsorption method for phosphate removal has drawn considerable interest in recent years. Many natural and artificial materials are used as adsorbents. In order to reduce the cost and improve the efficiency, pursuing an economic and efficient adsorbent has been a hot area in the field of phosphorus removal.
In this dissertation, red earth was modified with FeCl3 and the resulted modified red earth were used as adsorbent to remove phosphate. The experimental results showed that the modified red earth exhibited great efficiency and the maximum adsorption capacity was 428.4 mg/g at 35℃, The adsorption process was spontaneous and exothermic, fit Freundlich isotherm model and followed a pseudo-second-order kinetic model. The adsorption was strongly dependent on pH and temperature. As pH and the temperature increased, the adsorption capacities of the modified red earth reduced. But ion strength and coexisting ions had no obvious effect on the adsorption. The desorption studies revealed that modified red earth could be best eluted by 1 M NaOH solution and the desorption efficiency reached 98%. The adsorbent still showed a great efficiency after 4 cycles. The adsorption mechanism was mainly attributed to electrostatic interactions and surface complexations.
吸附法除磷近年来受到广泛的关注,许多天然或人工合成材料被用做吸附剂除磷。为了降低吸附除磷技术的成本,提高除磷效果,寻找低价高效的吸附剂已经成为吸附除磷领域的研究热点。
本文用FeCl3对红壤进行改性,将得到的改性红壤作为吸附剂用于对磷的吸附去除研究。实验结果表明,改性红壤对磷酸根有显著的吸附作用,35℃时的最大吸附容量为428.4 mg/g。整个吸附过程是一个自发的放热过程,符合Freundlich等温线模型和准二级反应动力学。溶液pH值和温度对磷酸根在改性红壤上的吸附有明显影响,随着pH和温度的升高,改性红壤的吸附容量降低,但离子强度和几种共存阴离子对吸附没有明显影响。对吸附剂的解吸和重复吸附实验研究表明,1 M NaOH溶液对吸附后改性红壤的洗脱效果最好,磷的解吸率达到98%。在重复使用4次之后,吸附剂对磷仍然有很好的吸附性能。对磷酸根吸附机理的研究表明,静电吸引和表面络合作用是改性红壤吸附磷酸根的主要机理。
With the development of industry and agriculture and the improvement of people's life, the excessive discharge of sewage containing phosphate causes eutrophication. Thus, it's necessary to pursue a simple, efficient and economic method for phosphorus removal.
Adsorption method for phosphate removal has drawn considerable interest in recent years. Many natural and artificial materials are used as adsorbents. In order to reduce the cost and improve the efficiency, pursuing an economic and efficient adsorbent has been a hot area in the field of phosphorus removal.
In this dissertation, red earth was modified with FeCl3 and the resulted modified red earth were used as adsorbent to remove phosphate. The experimental results showed that the modified red earth exhibited great efficiency and the maximum adsorption capacity was 428.4 mg/g at 35℃, The adsorption process was spontaneous and exothermic, fit Freundlich isotherm model and followed a pseudo-second-order kinetic model. The adsorption was strongly dependent on pH and temperature. As pH and the temperature increased, the adsorption capacities of the modified red earth reduced. But ion strength and coexisting ions had no obvious effect on the adsorption. The desorption studies revealed that modified red earth could be best eluted by 1 M NaOH solution and the desorption efficiency reached 98%. The adsorbent still showed a great efficiency after 4 cycles. The adsorption mechanism was mainly attributed to electrostatic interactions and surface complexations.
引文
[1]Kostas S. Triantafyllidis, Efrosyni N. Peleka, Vasilis G. Komvokis et al. Iron-modified hydrotalcite-like materials as highly efficient phosphate sorbents[J]. J. Colloid Interface. Sci.342 (2010)427-436
[2]顾启华.富营养化水体中藻类水华成因分析与研究[D].天津大学,2006：3.
[3]Zhang Z S, Mei Z P. Effects of human activities on the ecological changes of lakes in China[J]. Geo Journal,1996,40(1-2):17-24.
[4]Francis G. Poisonous Australian Lake[J]. Nature,1978,18:11-12.
[5]Codd G A. Cyanobaeterial toxins:oeeurrenee, properties and biologieal signifieanee[J]. Water Sci.Technol.1995,32(4):149-156.
[6]Haider Shamama, et al. Cyanobaeterial toxins:a growing environmental coneern[J]. Chemosphere,2003,52(1):1-21.
[7]乔瑞平,漆新华,孙承林等Fenton试剂氧化降解微囊藻毒素-LR[J].环境化学,2007,26(5)：614-617.
[8]黄道孝,肖军华,裴承新等.鱼腥藻毒素(Anatoxins)研究进展[J].中国海洋药物,2004,23(23)：47-52.
[9]刘永梅,刘永定,李敦海等.滇池束丝藻水华毒性生物检测[J].水生生物学报,2004,28(2)：216-218.
[10]徐海滨,严卫星.淡水湖泊微囊藻毒素的污染和毒理学研究[J].卫生研究,2002,31(6)：477-480.
[11]赵春禄,于彦军.粘土矿复合聚合氯化铝凝聚给水中的藻类.环境化学,2004,23(3)：301-305
[12]宋立荣,李林,陈伟等.水体异味及其藻源次生代谢产物研究进展[J].水生生物学报,2004,28(4)：434-439.
[13]殷守仁,徐立蒲.淡水浮游藻类与鱼体异味关系的初步研究[J].大连水产学院学报,2003,18(2)：156-157.
[14]周怀东,彭文启.水污染与水环境修复[M].北京：化学工业出版社,2005;
[15]韩博平,李铁,林旭钿等.广东省大中型水库富营养化现状与防治对策研究[M].北京：科学出版社,2003
[16]王立立,张娜,胡勇有.生活污水化学强化混凝除磷试验研究[J].工业水处理,2006,26(3)：26-30
[17]Amuda O. S., Amoo I. A. Coagulation/flocculation process and sludge conditioning in beverage industrial wastewater treatment[J]. J. Hazard. Mater.2007,114:778-783.
[18]尹军,王建辉,王雪峰等.污水生物除磷若干影响因素分析[J].环境工程学报,2007,1(4)：6-11.
[19]J.B. Xiong, Q. Mahmood. Adsorptive removal of phosphate from aqueous media by peat[J]. Desalination,2010,259:59-64.
[20]A. Bodalo-Santoyo, J.L. Gomez-Carrasco, E. Gomez-Gomez, M.F. Maximo-Martin, A.M. Hidalgo-Montesinos. Spiral-wound membrane reverse osmosis and the treatment of industrial effluents[J]. Desalination,2004,160:151-158.
[21]段金明,张亚平,方宏达等.转炉渣诱导磷酸钙结晶法去除和回收废水中磷的研究[J].环境工程学报,2010,7(4)：1576-1580
[22]DONGYE ZHAO ,ARUP K. SENGUPTA. ULTIMATE REMOVAL OF PHOSPHATE FROM WASTEWATER USING A NEW CLASS OF POLYMERIC ION EXCHANGERS[J]. Water Res.1998,34(5):1613-1625.
[23]邱维,张智.城市污水化学除磷的探讨[J].重庆环境科学,2002,24(2)：81-84
[24]D.Donnert,M.Salecker.Elimination of Phosphorus from Municipal and Industrial Wastewater[J]. Water Sci.Technol.1999,40(4-5):195-202
[25]Yi W.G., Lo K.V.,2003. Phosphate recovery from greenhouse wastewater[J]. J. Environ. Sci. Heal. B 38,501-509.
[26]Donnert D., Salecker M.. Elimination of phosphorus from waste water by crystallization[J]. Environ. Technol.1999a,20,735-742.
[27]Donnert D., Salecker M.. Elimination of phosphorus from municipal and industrial waste[J]. Water Sci.Technol.1999b,40,195-202.
[28]Moriyama K., Kojima T., Minawa Y., et al.Development of artificial seed crystal for crystallization of calcium phosphate[J]. Environ. Technol.2001,22:1245-1252.
[29]Marani D., Di Pinto A.C., Ramadori R. et al. Phosphate removal from municipal wastewater with low lime dosage[J]. Environ. Technol.1997,18,225-230.
[30]Battistoni P., Fava G., Pavan P. et al. Phosphate removal in anaerobic liquors by struvite crystallization without addition of chemicals:preliminary results[J]. Water Res.1997,31, 2925-2929.
[31]Montastruc L., Azzaro-Pantel C., Biscans B. et al. A thermochemical approach for calcium phosphate precipitation modeling in a pellet reactor[J]. Chem. Eng. J.2003,94,41-50.
[32]Song Y., Hahn H.H., Hoffmann E.. The effect of carbonate on the precipitation of calcium phosphate[J]. Environ. Technol.2002,23,207-215.
[33]吴飞飞.污水污泥吸附剂除磷及其效能研究与应用[D].哈尔滨工业大学,2009.
[34]Galarneau E., Gehr R.. Phosphorus removal from wastewaters:experimental and theoretical support for alternative mechanisms[J]. Water Res.1997,31,328-338.
[35]项学敏,刘颖,周集体.水合氧化铁对废水中磷酸根的吸附-解吸性能研究[J].环境科学,2008,11(29)：3059-3063.
[36]Wu Q., Bishop P.L., Keener T.C. et al. Sludge digestion enhancement and nutrient removal from anaerobic supernatant by Mg(OH)2 application[J]. Water Sci.Technol.2001,44,161-166.
[37]Shin H.S., Lee S.M.. Removal of nutrients in wastewater by using magnesium salts[J]. Environ. Technol.1998,19,283-290.
[38]施汉昌,柯细勇,徐丽婕.用化学法强化生物除磷的优化控制[J].中国给水排水,2002,18(7)：35-38
[39]De la NoU e, J., De Pauw, N.. The potential of microalgal biotechnology: a review of production and uses of microalgae[J]. Biotechnol. Adv.1988,6,725-770.
[40]顾夏声.废水生物处理数学模式[M].北京：清华大学出版社.1993
[41]张颖,邓良伟.废水中磷的去除研究进展[J].中国沼气,2005,23(3)：11-15
[42]K.Fytianos,E.Voudrias,N.Raikos. Modelling of Phosphorus Removal from Aqueous and Wastewater Samples Using Ferric Iron[J].Environmental Pollution.1998,(101):123-130
[43]Liangguo Yan,Yuanyuan Xub,Haiqin Yu et al. Adsorption of phosphate from aqueous solution by hydroxy-aluminum, hydroxy-iron and hydroxy-iron-aluminum pillared bentonites[J]. J. Hazard. Mater.179(2010) 244-250
[44]郝长红,颜丽,娄翼来等.天然沸石负载氧化镁对养猪场废水中磷的净化效果及其机制研究[J].沈阳农业大学学报,2010-06,41(3)：331-334
[45]邓雁希,许虹,黄玲.蛭石去除废水中磷酸盐的研究[J].中国非金属矿工业导刊,2003,37(6)：42-44
[46]袁东海,张孟群,高士祥等.几种粘土矿物和粘粒土壤吸附净化磷素的性能和机理[J].环境化学,2005,24(1)：7-11
[47]S.G. Lu, S.Q. Bai, L. Zhu. et al. Removal mechanism of phosphate from aqueous solution by fly ash[J]. J. Hazard. Mater.161 (2009) 95-101
[48]L.Zeng,X.M.Li,J.D.Liu. Adsorptive Removal of Phosphate from Aqueous Solutions Using Iron Oxide Tailings[J].Water Res.2004,38:1318-326
[49]王应军,伍钧,张俊萍等.高炉炉渣对磷的吸附特性[J].四川农业大学学报,2010,28(3)：381-355
[50]张杰,相会强,张玉华.改性粉煤灰去除抗生素废水中的磷和色度[J].中国给水排水,2002,18(10)：49-51
[51]S.Karaca,A.Gurses,M.Ejder, et al. Adsorption Removal of Phosphate from Aqueous Solutions Using Raw and Calcinated Dolomite[J], J. Hazard. Mater.2006,128(2-3):273-279
[52]H.P.Ye,F.Z.Chen,Y.Q.Sheng, et al. Adsorption of Phosphate from Aqueous Solution onto Modified Palygorskites[J]. Separation and Purification Technology,2006,5(3):283-290
[53]邓雁希,许虹,黄玲.钢渣对废水中磷的去除[J].金属矿山,2003,(5)：49-51
[54]D.Donnert. Elimination of Phosphorus from Municipal and Industrial Wastewater[J]. Water Sci.Technol.1999,40(4-5):195-202
[55]A.Genz, A.Kornmuller, M.Jekel. Advanced Phosphorus Removal from Membrane Filtrates by Adsorption on Activated Aluminium Oxide and Granulated Ferric Hydroxide[J].Water Res. 2004,38:3523-3530
[56]H.S.Shin, M.J.Kim, S.Y.Nam, et al. Phosphorus Removal by Hydrotalcite-like Compounds (HTLcs)[J]. Wat. Sci. Tech.1996,34(1-2):161-168
[57]王萍.海绵铁除磷技术研究[J].环境科学学报,2000,20(6)：798-800
[58]J.Das, B.S.Patra, N.Baliarsingh, et al. Adsorption of Phosphate by Layered Double Hydroxides in Aqueous Solution[J].Applied Clay Science.2006,32:252-260
[59]丁文明,黄霞.铁-铈水合氧化物吸附剂除磷的间歇试验研究[J].重庆环境科学,2003,25(11)：65-67
[60]丁文明,黄霞.铁-铈复合除磷剂的合成及高效吸附机理[J].中国给水排水,2004,20(9)：5-8
[61]O.Bastin,F.Janssens,J.Dufey. et al. Phosphorus Removal by a Synthetic Iron Oxide-Gypsum Compound[J].Ecological Engineering.1999,12(3):339-351
[62]丁磊,王萍.海绵铁在水处理中的研究现状及存在问题[J].中国给水排水,2004,20(3)：30-32
[63]R.Chitrakar, S.Tezuka, A.Sonoda, et al. Selective Adsorption of Phosphate from Seawater and Wasterwater by Amorphous Zirconium Hydroxide[J]. J. Colloid Interface Sci. 2006,297(2):426-433
[64]吴燕,安树林.废水除磷方法的现状与展望[J].天津工业大学学报,2001,20(1)：74-78
[65]潘杨,黄勇,沈耀良.废水中磷酸盐的去除与回用[J].污染防治技术,2004,17(1)：92-94
[66]荣宏伟,吕炳南,贾名准.序批式生物膜反应器脱氮除磷技术[J].哈尔滨商业大学学报(自然科学版),2002,18(5)：534-536
[67]李佳凤,吕锡武,徐微等.诱导结晶反应器回收富磷上清液中磷的研究[J].中国给水排水,2010,26(1)：13-15
[68]日本机械工业联合会.水域的富营养化及其防治对策[M].北京：中国环境科学出版社,1987
[69]朱照宇,周厚云,徐义芳等.广东沿海红土的环境问题及其原因分析[J].水土保持学报,2001,15(1)：31-35.
[70]顾延生,肖春娥,章泽军等.中国南方红土的研究进展[J].华东师范大学学报(自然科学版),2002,1：69-75
[71]唐翔宇,杨浩,赵其国等.红砂岩母质红壤侵蚀作用的137Cs法初步研究[J].水土保持研究,2002,9(1)：121-125
[72]张金城.江西省红土资源的某些地质学特征[J].华东地质学院学报,1994,17(4)：308-312
[73]郝蓉,万洪富,杜卫兵等.亚热带地区农业土壤和植物中多环芳烃的分布[J].浙江大学学报(农业与生命科学版),2005,31(4)：374-380
[74]L. Zeng, X.M. Li, J.D. Liu. Adsorptive removal of phosphate from aqueous solutions using iron oxide tailings[J]. Water Res.2004,38:1318-1326.
[75]Yue Qinyan, Zhao Yaqin, Li Qian, et al. Research on the characteristics of red mud granular adsorbents (RMGA) for phosphate removal[J]. J. Hazard. Mater.2010,176:741-748.
[76]Liu Honglei, Sun Xiaofei, Yin Chengqing, et al. Removal of phosphate by mesoporous ZrO2[J].J. Hazard. Mater.2008,151:616-622.
[77]A. Genz, A. Kornmuller, M. Jekel. Advanced phosphorus removal from membrane filtrates by adsorption on activated aluminium oxide and granulated ferric hydroxide[J]. Water Res. 2004,38:3523-3530.
[78]Encai Ou, Junjie Zhou, Shaochun Mao. et al. Highly efficient removal of phosphate by lanthanum-doped mesoporous SiO2[J]. Colloids and Surfaces A:Physicochem. Eng. Aspects 308 (2007) 47-53
[79]Matteo Cagnasso, Valter Boero, Marinella Angela Franchini et al. ATR-FTIR studies of phospholipid vesicle interactions with α-FeOOH and α-Fe2O3 surfaces[J]. Colloids and Surfaces B:Biointerfaces 76 (2010) 456-467
[80]干方群,周健民,王火焰等.不同粘土矿物对磷污染水体的吸附净化性能比较[J].生态环境,2008,17(3)：914-917.
[81]YingWang, Zhenyao Shena, Junfeng Niu, et al. Adsorption of phosphorus on sediments from the Three-Gorges Reservoir (China) and the relation with sediment compositions[J]. J. Hazard. Mater.162 (2009) 92-98.
[82]Weiwei Huang, Shaobin Wang, Zhonghua Zhu,et al. Phosphate removal from wastewater using red mud[J]. J. Hazard. Mater.158 (2008) 35-42.
[83]Heng Li, Jingyu Rua, Wen Yin, et al. Removal of phosphate from polluted water by lanthanum doped vesuvianite[J]. J. Hazard. Mater.168 (2009) 326-330.
[84]Mevra Yalvac Cana, Ergun Yildiz. Phosphate removal from water by fly ash:Factorial experimental design[J]. J. Hazard. Mater. B135 (2006) 165-170.
[85]张林栋,李军,王阳.用改性海泡石处理含磷废水[J].化工环保,2007,27(3)：268-270.
[86]仇立干,王茂元.改型凹凸棒土对磷酸根吸附性能的研究[J].化学研究与应用,2010,22(8)：1001-1014.
[87]Luz E. de-Bashan, Yoav Bashan. Recent advances in removing phosphorus from wastewater and its future use as fertilizer (1997-2003)[J]. Water Res.38 (2004) 4222-4246.
[88]Zhang FuShen, Hideaki Itoh. Iron oxide-loaded slag for arsenic removal from aqueous system[J]. Chemosphere,2005,60:319-325.
[89]Zhang Shuwu, Liu Changjun, Luan Zhaokun, et al. Arsenate removal from aqueous solutions using modified red mud[J]. J. Hazard. Mater.2008,152:486-492.
[90]Y.-S. Ho. Review of second-order models for adsorption systems[J]. J. Hazard. Mater. 2006,136:681-689.
[91]近藤精一,石川达雄,安部郁夫.吸附科学[M].北京：化学工业出版社,2006
[92]Syed Mustafa, Muhammad Iqbal Zaman, Sadullah Khan. Temperature effect on the mechanism of phosphate anions sorption by β-MnO2[J]. Chemical Engineering Journal 141 (2008)51-57
[93]赵冰清.磁性类水滑石吸附回收水中磷的研究[D].哈尔滨工业大学,2007
[94]C. Namasivayam, K. Prathap. Recycling Fe(Ⅲ)/Cr(Ⅲ) hydroxide, an industrial solid waste for the removal of phosphate from water[J]. J. Hazard. Mater.2005,123:127-134.
[95]邓芹英,刘岚,邓慧敏.波普分析教程[M].北京：科学出版社,2005
[96]张海永,景晓燕,王君等.磁性纳米镁铝水滑石的合成及表征[J].应用化学,2002,19(8)：734-737
[97]常青.水处理絮凝学[M].北京：化学工业出版社,2003.
[98]Y. Al Degs, M.A.M. Khraisheh, S.J. Allen, et al. Effect of carbon surface chemistry on the removal of reactive dyes from textile effluent[J]. Water Res.2000,34:927-935.
[99]张晖.沸石改性和去除水中氮磷的研究[D].中南大学,2006
[100]Paul Delaney, Colm McManamon, John P.Hanrahan et al. Development of chemically engineered porous metal oxides for phosphate removal[J]. J. Hazard. Mater.185 (2011) 382-391
[101]Syed Mustafa, Muhammad Iqbal Zaman, Sadullah Khan. pH effect on phosphate sorption by crystalline MnO2[J]. J. Colloid Interface Sci.301 (2006) 370-375
[2]顾启华.富营养化水体中藻类水华成因分析与研究[D].天津大学,2006：3.
[3]Zhang Z S, Mei Z P. Effects of human activities on the ecological changes of lakes in China[J]. Geo Journal,1996,40(1-2):17-24.
[4]Francis G. Poisonous Australian Lake[J]. Nature,1978,18:11-12.
[5]Codd G A. Cyanobaeterial toxins:oeeurrenee, properties and biologieal signifieanee[J]. Water Sci.Technol.1995,32(4):149-156.
[6]Haider Shamama, et al. Cyanobaeterial toxins:a growing environmental coneern[J]. Chemosphere,2003,52(1):1-21.
[7]乔瑞平,漆新华,孙承林等Fenton试剂氧化降解微囊藻毒素-LR[J].环境化学,2007,26(5)：614-617.
[8]黄道孝,肖军华,裴承新等.鱼腥藻毒素(Anatoxins)研究进展[J].中国海洋药物,2004,23(23)：47-52.
[9]刘永梅,刘永定,李敦海等.滇池束丝藻水华毒性生物检测[J].水生生物学报,2004,28(2)：216-218.
[10]徐海滨,严卫星.淡水湖泊微囊藻毒素的污染和毒理学研究[J].卫生研究,2002,31(6)：477-480.
[11]赵春禄,于彦军.粘土矿复合聚合氯化铝凝聚给水中的藻类.环境化学,2004,23(3)：301-305
[12]宋立荣,李林,陈伟等.水体异味及其藻源次生代谢产物研究进展[J].水生生物学报,2004,28(4)：434-439.
[13]殷守仁,徐立蒲.淡水浮游藻类与鱼体异味关系的初步研究[J].大连水产学院学报,2003,18(2)：156-157.
[14]周怀东,彭文启.水污染与水环境修复[M].北京：化学工业出版社,2005;
[15]韩博平,李铁,林旭钿等.广东省大中型水库富营养化现状与防治对策研究[M].北京：科学出版社,2003
[16]王立立,张娜,胡勇有.生活污水化学强化混凝除磷试验研究[J].工业水处理,2006,26(3)：26-30
[17]Amuda O. S., Amoo I. A. Coagulation/flocculation process and sludge conditioning in beverage industrial wastewater treatment[J]. J. Hazard. Mater.2007,114:778-783.
[18]尹军,王建辉,王雪峰等.污水生物除磷若干影响因素分析[J].环境工程学报,2007,1(4)：6-11.
[19]J.B. Xiong, Q. Mahmood. Adsorptive removal of phosphate from aqueous media by peat[J]. Desalination,2010,259:59-64.
[20]A. Bodalo-Santoyo, J.L. Gomez-Carrasco, E. Gomez-Gomez, M.F. Maximo-Martin, A.M. Hidalgo-Montesinos. Spiral-wound membrane reverse osmosis and the treatment of industrial effluents[J]. Desalination,2004,160:151-158.
[21]段金明,张亚平,方宏达等.转炉渣诱导磷酸钙结晶法去除和回收废水中磷的研究[J].环境工程学报,2010,7(4)：1576-1580
[22]DONGYE ZHAO ,ARUP K. SENGUPTA. ULTIMATE REMOVAL OF PHOSPHATE FROM WASTEWATER USING A NEW CLASS OF POLYMERIC ION EXCHANGERS[J]. Water Res.1998,34(5):1613-1625.
[23]邱维,张智.城市污水化学除磷的探讨[J].重庆环境科学,2002,24(2)：81-84
[24]D.Donnert,M.Salecker.Elimination of Phosphorus from Municipal and Industrial Wastewater[J]. Water Sci.Technol.1999,40(4-5):195-202
[25]Yi W.G., Lo K.V.,2003. Phosphate recovery from greenhouse wastewater[J]. J. Environ. Sci. Heal. B 38,501-509.
[26]Donnert D., Salecker M.. Elimination of phosphorus from waste water by crystallization[J]. Environ. Technol.1999a,20,735-742.
[27]Donnert D., Salecker M.. Elimination of phosphorus from municipal and industrial waste[J]. Water Sci.Technol.1999b,40,195-202.
[28]Moriyama K., Kojima T., Minawa Y., et al.Development of artificial seed crystal for crystallization of calcium phosphate[J]. Environ. Technol.2001,22:1245-1252.
[29]Marani D., Di Pinto A.C., Ramadori R. et al. Phosphate removal from municipal wastewater with low lime dosage[J]. Environ. Technol.1997,18,225-230.
[30]Battistoni P., Fava G., Pavan P. et al. Phosphate removal in anaerobic liquors by struvite crystallization without addition of chemicals:preliminary results[J]. Water Res.1997,31, 2925-2929.
[31]Montastruc L., Azzaro-Pantel C., Biscans B. et al. A thermochemical approach for calcium phosphate precipitation modeling in a pellet reactor[J]. Chem. Eng. J.2003,94,41-50.
[32]Song Y., Hahn H.H., Hoffmann E.. The effect of carbonate on the precipitation of calcium phosphate[J]. Environ. Technol.2002,23,207-215.
[33]吴飞飞.污水污泥吸附剂除磷及其效能研究与应用[D].哈尔滨工业大学,2009.
[34]Galarneau E., Gehr R.. Phosphorus removal from wastewaters:experimental and theoretical support for alternative mechanisms[J]. Water Res.1997,31,328-338.
[35]项学敏,刘颖,周集体.水合氧化铁对废水中磷酸根的吸附-解吸性能研究[J].环境科学,2008,11(29)：3059-3063.
[36]Wu Q., Bishop P.L., Keener T.C. et al. Sludge digestion enhancement and nutrient removal from anaerobic supernatant by Mg(OH)2 application[J]. Water Sci.Technol.2001,44,161-166.
[37]Shin H.S., Lee S.M.. Removal of nutrients in wastewater by using magnesium salts[J]. Environ. Technol.1998,19,283-290.
[38]施汉昌,柯细勇,徐丽婕.用化学法强化生物除磷的优化控制[J].中国给水排水,2002,18(7)：35-38
[39]De la NoU e, J., De Pauw, N.. The potential of microalgal biotechnology: a review of production and uses of microalgae[J]. Biotechnol. Adv.1988,6,725-770.
[40]顾夏声.废水生物处理数学模式[M].北京：清华大学出版社.1993
[41]张颖,邓良伟.废水中磷的去除研究进展[J].中国沼气,2005,23(3)：11-15
[42]K.Fytianos,E.Voudrias,N.Raikos. Modelling of Phosphorus Removal from Aqueous and Wastewater Samples Using Ferric Iron[J].Environmental Pollution.1998,(101):123-130
[43]Liangguo Yan,Yuanyuan Xub,Haiqin Yu et al. Adsorption of phosphate from aqueous solution by hydroxy-aluminum, hydroxy-iron and hydroxy-iron-aluminum pillared bentonites[J]. J. Hazard. Mater.179(2010) 244-250
[44]郝长红,颜丽,娄翼来等.天然沸石负载氧化镁对养猪场废水中磷的净化效果及其机制研究[J].沈阳农业大学学报,2010-06,41(3)：331-334
[45]邓雁希,许虹,黄玲.蛭石去除废水中磷酸盐的研究[J].中国非金属矿工业导刊,2003,37(6)：42-44
[46]袁东海,张孟群,高士祥等.几种粘土矿物和粘粒土壤吸附净化磷素的性能和机理[J].环境化学,2005,24(1)：7-11
[47]S.G. Lu, S.Q. Bai, L. Zhu. et al. Removal mechanism of phosphate from aqueous solution by fly ash[J]. J. Hazard. Mater.161 (2009) 95-101
[48]L.Zeng,X.M.Li,J.D.Liu. Adsorptive Removal of Phosphate from Aqueous Solutions Using Iron Oxide Tailings[J].Water Res.2004,38:1318-326
[49]王应军,伍钧,张俊萍等.高炉炉渣对磷的吸附特性[J].四川农业大学学报,2010,28(3)：381-355
[50]张杰,相会强,张玉华.改性粉煤灰去除抗生素废水中的磷和色度[J].中国给水排水,2002,18(10)：49-51
[51]S.Karaca,A.Gurses,M.Ejder, et al. Adsorption Removal of Phosphate from Aqueous Solutions Using Raw and Calcinated Dolomite[J], J. Hazard. Mater.2006,128(2-3):273-279
[52]H.P.Ye,F.Z.Chen,Y.Q.Sheng, et al. Adsorption of Phosphate from Aqueous Solution onto Modified Palygorskites[J]. Separation and Purification Technology,2006,5(3):283-290
[53]邓雁希,许虹,黄玲.钢渣对废水中磷的去除[J].金属矿山,2003,(5)：49-51
[54]D.Donnert. Elimination of Phosphorus from Municipal and Industrial Wastewater[J]. Water Sci.Technol.1999,40(4-5):195-202
[55]A.Genz, A.Kornmuller, M.Jekel. Advanced Phosphorus Removal from Membrane Filtrates by Adsorption on Activated Aluminium Oxide and Granulated Ferric Hydroxide[J].Water Res. 2004,38:3523-3530
[56]H.S.Shin, M.J.Kim, S.Y.Nam, et al. Phosphorus Removal by Hydrotalcite-like Compounds (HTLcs)[J]. Wat. Sci. Tech.1996,34(1-2):161-168
[57]王萍.海绵铁除磷技术研究[J].环境科学学报,2000,20(6)：798-800
[58]J.Das, B.S.Patra, N.Baliarsingh, et al. Adsorption of Phosphate by Layered Double Hydroxides in Aqueous Solution[J].Applied Clay Science.2006,32:252-260
[59]丁文明,黄霞.铁-铈水合氧化物吸附剂除磷的间歇试验研究[J].重庆环境科学,2003,25(11)：65-67
[60]丁文明,黄霞.铁-铈复合除磷剂的合成及高效吸附机理[J].中国给水排水,2004,20(9)：5-8
[61]O.Bastin,F.Janssens,J.Dufey. et al. Phosphorus Removal by a Synthetic Iron Oxide-Gypsum Compound[J].Ecological Engineering.1999,12(3):339-351
[62]丁磊,王萍.海绵铁在水处理中的研究现状及存在问题[J].中国给水排水,2004,20(3)：30-32
[63]R.Chitrakar, S.Tezuka, A.Sonoda, et al. Selective Adsorption of Phosphate from Seawater and Wasterwater by Amorphous Zirconium Hydroxide[J]. J. Colloid Interface Sci. 2006,297(2):426-433
[64]吴燕,安树林.废水除磷方法的现状与展望[J].天津工业大学学报,2001,20(1)：74-78
[65]潘杨,黄勇,沈耀良.废水中磷酸盐的去除与回用[J].污染防治技术,2004,17(1)：92-94
[66]荣宏伟,吕炳南,贾名准.序批式生物膜反应器脱氮除磷技术[J].哈尔滨商业大学学报(自然科学版),2002,18(5)：534-536
[67]李佳凤,吕锡武,徐微等.诱导结晶反应器回收富磷上清液中磷的研究[J].中国给水排水,2010,26(1)：13-15
[68]日本机械工业联合会.水域的富营养化及其防治对策[M].北京：中国环境科学出版社,1987
[69]朱照宇,周厚云,徐义芳等.广东沿海红土的环境问题及其原因分析[J].水土保持学报,2001,15(1)：31-35.
[70]顾延生,肖春娥,章泽军等.中国南方红土的研究进展[J].华东师范大学学报(自然科学版),2002,1：69-75
[71]唐翔宇,杨浩,赵其国等.红砂岩母质红壤侵蚀作用的137Cs法初步研究[J].水土保持研究,2002,9(1)：121-125
[72]张金城.江西省红土资源的某些地质学特征[J].华东地质学院学报,1994,17(4)：308-312
[73]郝蓉,万洪富,杜卫兵等.亚热带地区农业土壤和植物中多环芳烃的分布[J].浙江大学学报(农业与生命科学版),2005,31(4)：374-380
[74]L. Zeng, X.M. Li, J.D. Liu. Adsorptive removal of phosphate from aqueous solutions using iron oxide tailings[J]. Water Res.2004,38:1318-1326.
[75]Yue Qinyan, Zhao Yaqin, Li Qian, et al. Research on the characteristics of red mud granular adsorbents (RMGA) for phosphate removal[J]. J. Hazard. Mater.2010,176:741-748.
[76]Liu Honglei, Sun Xiaofei, Yin Chengqing, et al. Removal of phosphate by mesoporous ZrO2[J].J. Hazard. Mater.2008,151:616-622.
[77]A. Genz, A. Kornmuller, M. Jekel. Advanced phosphorus removal from membrane filtrates by adsorption on activated aluminium oxide and granulated ferric hydroxide[J]. Water Res. 2004,38:3523-3530.
[78]Encai Ou, Junjie Zhou, Shaochun Mao. et al. Highly efficient removal of phosphate by lanthanum-doped mesoporous SiO2[J]. Colloids and Surfaces A:Physicochem. Eng. Aspects 308 (2007) 47-53
[79]Matteo Cagnasso, Valter Boero, Marinella Angela Franchini et al. ATR-FTIR studies of phospholipid vesicle interactions with α-FeOOH and α-Fe2O3 surfaces[J]. Colloids and Surfaces B:Biointerfaces 76 (2010) 456-467
[80]干方群,周健民,王火焰等.不同粘土矿物对磷污染水体的吸附净化性能比较[J].生态环境,2008,17(3)：914-917.
[81]YingWang, Zhenyao Shena, Junfeng Niu, et al. Adsorption of phosphorus on sediments from the Three-Gorges Reservoir (China) and the relation with sediment compositions[J]. J. Hazard. Mater.162 (2009) 92-98.
[82]Weiwei Huang, Shaobin Wang, Zhonghua Zhu,et al. Phosphate removal from wastewater using red mud[J]. J. Hazard. Mater.158 (2008) 35-42.
[83]Heng Li, Jingyu Rua, Wen Yin, et al. Removal of phosphate from polluted water by lanthanum doped vesuvianite[J]. J. Hazard. Mater.168 (2009) 326-330.
[84]Mevra Yalvac Cana, Ergun Yildiz. Phosphate removal from water by fly ash:Factorial experimental design[J]. J. Hazard. Mater. B135 (2006) 165-170.
[85]张林栋,李军,王阳.用改性海泡石处理含磷废水[J].化工环保,2007,27(3)：268-270.
[86]仇立干,王茂元.改型凹凸棒土对磷酸根吸附性能的研究[J].化学研究与应用,2010,22(8)：1001-1014.
[87]Luz E. de-Bashan, Yoav Bashan. Recent advances in removing phosphorus from wastewater and its future use as fertilizer (1997-2003)[J]. Water Res.38 (2004) 4222-4246.
[88]Zhang FuShen, Hideaki Itoh. Iron oxide-loaded slag for arsenic removal from aqueous system[J]. Chemosphere,2005,60:319-325.
[89]Zhang Shuwu, Liu Changjun, Luan Zhaokun, et al. Arsenate removal from aqueous solutions using modified red mud[J]. J. Hazard. Mater.2008,152:486-492.
[90]Y.-S. Ho. Review of second-order models for adsorption systems[J]. J. Hazard. Mater. 2006,136:681-689.
[91]近藤精一,石川达雄,安部郁夫.吸附科学[M].北京：化学工业出版社,2006
[92]Syed Mustafa, Muhammad Iqbal Zaman, Sadullah Khan. Temperature effect on the mechanism of phosphate anions sorption by β-MnO2[J]. Chemical Engineering Journal 141 (2008)51-57
[93]赵冰清.磁性类水滑石吸附回收水中磷的研究[D].哈尔滨工业大学,2007
[94]C. Namasivayam, K. Prathap. Recycling Fe(Ⅲ)/Cr(Ⅲ) hydroxide, an industrial solid waste for the removal of phosphate from water[J]. J. Hazard. Mater.2005,123:127-134.
[95]邓芹英,刘岚,邓慧敏.波普分析教程[M].北京：科学出版社,2005
[96]张海永,景晓燕,王君等.磁性纳米镁铝水滑石的合成及表征[J].应用化学,2002,19(8)：734-737
[97]常青.水处理絮凝学[M].北京：化学工业出版社,2003.
[98]Y. Al Degs, M.A.M. Khraisheh, S.J. Allen, et al. Effect of carbon surface chemistry on the removal of reactive dyes from textile effluent[J]. Water Res.2000,34:927-935.
[99]张晖.沸石改性和去除水中氮磷的研究[D].中南大学,2006
[100]Paul Delaney, Colm McManamon, John P.Hanrahan et al. Development of chemically engineered porous metal oxides for phosphate removal[J]. J. Hazard. Mater.185 (2011) 382-391
[101]Syed Mustafa, Muhammad Iqbal Zaman, Sadullah Khan. pH effect on phosphate sorption by crystalline MnO2[J]. J. Colloid Interface Sci.301 (2006) 370-375