并列结构混合励磁无刷直流发电机特性研究
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摘要
混合励磁同步电机是永磁同步电机与电励磁同步电机两种电机形式的有机结合。混合励磁同步电机(HESM)继承了永磁同步电机的优点,同时又具有气隙磁场调节能力。本文针对新型结构的并列结构混合励磁无刷直流发电机,在电机的结构原理、有限元分析、设计规律和整流电路的工作特性等方面开展深入的研究,并进行实验验证与分析。
对所研究的并列结构HESM通过三维有限元仿真计算得到电机内的磁场分布特点和调磁特性,对比分析不同铁心长度的仿真模型,总结出铁心长度的设计原则。指出并列结构HESM中存在着轴向漏磁现象,并通过三维有限元静磁场分析揭示双向励磁作用下的轴向漏磁通变化规律,为并列结构HESM内永磁及电励磁两部分之间轴向距离的选择提供了理论依据。
永磁同步发电机采用新型的共阳极12相零式整流输出以构成12相永磁无刷直流发电机。系统地对比研究了六相双Y整流和12相零式整流两种不同整流方式输出的整流二极管电流应力、发电机损耗和容错能力等特性,验证了12相零式整流输出相比六相双Y整流输出在低压直流电源系统中的应用优势。完成了并列结构混合励磁无刷直流发电机的三维有限元场路耦合分析和实验验证,表明该并列结构HESM继承了永磁电机电压调整率低的优点,且励磁电流能实现良好的双向电压辅助调节功能。
Hybrid excitation synchronous machine is an organic combination of permanent magnet excitation synchronous machine and electric excitation synchronous machine. While maintaining the advantage of permanent magnet synchronous machine (PMSM), hybrid excitation synchronous machine (HESM) also combines the regulation capacity of air gap magnetic field. A novel coordinate structure hybrid excitation brushless DC generator is proposed. In-depth study into structure, finite element analysis, design principles, rectifier circut are presented and verified by experiments and analysis.
Internal magnetic field distribution features and magnetic field regulation characteristics are studied by 3D finite element calculation and. Principles of iron core length are reached by comparison analysis. Axial flux leakage, a problem unique to coordinate structure HESM is pointed out and variation principle of axial flux linkage under bi-directional excitation is revealed by 3D static magnetic field analysis, providing theoretical references for determining the axial distance between permanent magnet and electric excitation.
A BLDC generator structure is proposed consisted of a synchronous generator with common-anode 12-phase half-wave rectified output. Systematic comparison of features such as generator losses, rectifier diode current stresses are carried out under 6-phase double-star rectified output and 12-phase zero-type rectified output structures, which demonstrate the advantage of 12-phase zero-type rectified output BLDC generator in low voltage DC power system. 3D field-circuit coupled analysis and experiment verification of coordinate structure hybrid excitation BLDC generator are presented, which shows that the generator inherits permanent magnet generator advantages of low voltage regulation ratio and good complementary regulation capacity of excitation current.
对所研究的并列结构HESM通过三维有限元仿真计算得到电机内的磁场分布特点和调磁特性,对比分析不同铁心长度的仿真模型,总结出铁心长度的设计原则。指出并列结构HESM中存在着轴向漏磁现象,并通过三维有限元静磁场分析揭示双向励磁作用下的轴向漏磁通变化规律,为并列结构HESM内永磁及电励磁两部分之间轴向距离的选择提供了理论依据。
永磁同步发电机采用新型的共阳极12相零式整流输出以构成12相永磁无刷直流发电机。系统地对比研究了六相双Y整流和12相零式整流两种不同整流方式输出的整流二极管电流应力、发电机损耗和容错能力等特性,验证了12相零式整流输出相比六相双Y整流输出在低压直流电源系统中的应用优势。完成了并列结构混合励磁无刷直流发电机的三维有限元场路耦合分析和实验验证,表明该并列结构HESM继承了永磁电机电压调整率低的优点,且励磁电流能实现良好的双向电压辅助调节功能。
Hybrid excitation synchronous machine is an organic combination of permanent magnet excitation synchronous machine and electric excitation synchronous machine. While maintaining the advantage of permanent magnet synchronous machine (PMSM), hybrid excitation synchronous machine (HESM) also combines the regulation capacity of air gap magnetic field. A novel coordinate structure hybrid excitation brushless DC generator is proposed. In-depth study into structure, finite element analysis, design principles, rectifier circut are presented and verified by experiments and analysis.
Internal magnetic field distribution features and magnetic field regulation characteristics are studied by 3D finite element calculation and. Principles of iron core length are reached by comparison analysis. Axial flux leakage, a problem unique to coordinate structure HESM is pointed out and variation principle of axial flux linkage under bi-directional excitation is revealed by 3D static magnetic field analysis, providing theoretical references for determining the axial distance between permanent magnet and electric excitation.
A BLDC generator structure is proposed consisted of a synchronous generator with common-anode 12-phase half-wave rectified output. Systematic comparison of features such as generator losses, rectifier diode current stresses are carried out under 6-phase double-star rectified output and 12-phase zero-type rectified output structures, which demonstrate the advantage of 12-phase zero-type rectified output BLDC generator in low voltage DC power system. 3D field-circuit coupled analysis and experiment verification of coordinate structure hybrid excitation BLDC generator are presented, which shows that the generator inherits permanent magnet generator advantages of low voltage regulation ratio and good complementary regulation capacity of excitation current.
引文
[1]唐任远.现代永磁电机.北京:机械工业出版社,1997.
[2]刘迪吉.航空电机学.北京:航空工业出版社,1992.
[3]丁道宏.电力电子技术.北京:机械工业出版社,2002.
[4] Chaohui Zhao, Yangguang Yan. A review of development of hybrid excitation synchronous machine. IEEE ISIE 2005, Dubrovnik Croatia, 2005:857-862.
[5]赵朝会,秦海鸿,严仰光.混合励磁同步电机发展现状及应用前景.电机与控制学报, 2006,10(2):113-117.
[6]朱孝勇,程明,赵文祥等.混合励磁电机技术综述与发展展望.电工技术学报,2008, 23(1):30-39.
[7]赵朝会.并列结构混合励磁同步发电机的研究,[博士学位论文].南京:南京航空航天大学,2008.
[8] Jin-Woo Ahn, Sung-Jun Park, Dong-Hee Lee. Hybrid excitation of SRM for reduction of vibration and acoustic noise. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 2004, 51(2):374-380.
[9]程树康,郑萍,崔淑梅等.混合磁路多边耦合电机的基础研究.中国电机工程学报, 2000,20(4):50-53.
[10]张千帆,裴宇龙,程树康.轴径向气隙混合磁路多边耦合电机轴向励磁绕组的反电势及其位置传感器机理.中国电机工程学报,2005,25(22):136-140.
[11]卢琴芬,叶云岳,陈翾.混合励磁直线同步电机的磁场与推力.中国电机工程学报, 2005,25(10):127-130.
[12]黄明星,叶云岳,陈翾.混合励磁直线同步电机磁场的有限元分析.微电机,2005, 38(4):21-25.
[13]史黎明,谢吉.混合励磁直线同步电动机悬浮牵引控制器设计.微特电机,2008, 36(7):39-41.
[14] Chen Zhihui, Sun Yaping, Yan Yangguang. Static characteristics of a novel hybrid excitation doubly salient machine. Proceedings of the Eighth International Conference on Electrical Machines and Systems, 2005:718-721.
[15] Xiaoyong Zhu, Ming Cheng, Wenguang Li. Design and analysis of a novel stator hybrid excited doubly salient permanent magnet brushless motor. Proceedings of the EighthInternational Conference on Electrical Machines and Systems, 2005:401-406.
[16] Xiaoyong Zhu, Ming Cheng, Wenxiang Zhao. A transient cosimulation approach to performance analysis of hybrid excited doubly salient machine considering indirect field-circuit coupling. IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 2007, 43(6):2558-2560.
[17] Li Y, T.A.Lipo. A doubly salient permanent magnet motor capable of field weakening. Proceedings of IEEE Power Electronics Specialist Conference, 1995:565-571.
[18] T.A.Lipo. Field weakening for doubly salient motor with stator permanent magnets. United States Patent, 5455473, 1995.
[19]朱孝勇,程明,花为等.新型混合励磁双凸极永磁电机磁场调节特性分析及实验研究.中国电机工程学报,2008,28(3):90-95.
[20] Hoang E, Lecrivain M, Gabsi M. A new structure of a switching flux synchronous polyphased machine with hybrid excitation. 2007 European Conference on Power Electronics and Applications, 2007:1-8.
[21] Amara Y, Lucidarme J, Gabsi M. A new topology of hybrid synchronous machine. IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, 2001, 37(5):1273-1281.
[22] B.J.Chlamers, R.Akmese, L.Musaba. Design and Field-Weakening Performance of Permanent-Magnet/Reluctance Motor with Two-Part Rotor, IEE Proceeding Electric Power Applications. Vol.145, No.2, 1998:133-138.
[23] Naoe Nobuyuki, Fukami Tadashi. Trial Production of a Hybrid Excitation Type Synchronous Machine[C]. France:Proceedings of IEMDC’2001, 2001:545-547.
[24]黄文新,陈海镇.混合励磁永磁发电机及其设计.微特电机,1996,8(5):9-12.
[25]严仰光,谢少军.民航飞机供电系统.北京:航空工业出版社,1998.
[26] Malik E.Elbuluk, M.David Kankam. Potential starter/generator technologies for future aerospace applications, IEEE AES Systems Magazine, 1997, 12(5):24-31.
[27] Ferreira C A, Jones S R, Heglund W S. Detailed design of a 30-kW switched reluctance starter/generator system for a gas turbine engine application. IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, 1995, 31(3):553-561.
[28]刘闯.开关磁阻电机起动/发电系统理论研究与工程实现,[博士学位论文].南京:南京航空航天大学,2000.
[29]李声晋,卢刚,马瑞卿等.开关磁阻组合起动机/发电机设计及试验.中国电机工程学报, 2000,20(2):10-14.
[30]任海英,周波.双凸极起动/发电系统一体化设计与实现.中国电机工程学报,2006, 26(24):153-158.
[31] N Patin, L Vido, E Monmasson. Control of a DC generator based on a hybrid excitation synchronous machine connected to a PWM rectifier. IEEE ISIE 2006, Montreal Quebec Canada, 2006:2330-233.
[32]谢少军,严仰光.未来先进飞机的电源系统.机载设备及系统,1995,1:52-54.
[33]耿庆鹿.整流电路的分类.氯碱工业,2007,4(4):7-10.
[34]张卓然,严仰光,苏凯程.切向磁钢混合励磁同步电机空载磁路计算及三维场分析.中国电机工程学报,2008,28(30):84～89.
[35] Zhuoran Zhang, Yangguang Yan, Shanshui Yang, and Zhou Bo. Principle of operation and feature investigation of a new topology of hybrid excitation synchronous machine. IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 2008, 44(9):2174-2180.
[36] Charles D Syverson, William P Curtiss. Hybrid alternator with full output at idle. US patent:5710471. Jan.20, 1998.
[37]颜威利,杨庆新,汪友华等.电气工程电磁场数值分析,北京:机械工业出版社,2006.
[38]刘国强,赵凌志,蒋继娅. Ansoft工程电磁场有限元分析,北京:电子工业出版社,2005.
[39] R. Krishnan. Geun-Hie rim Modeling, simulation, and analysis of variable-speed constant frequency power conversion scheme with a permanent magnet brushless DC generator. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 1990, 37(4):291-296.
[40] Hyung-Woo Lee, Tae-Hyung Kim, Mehrdad Ehsani. Practical control for improving power density and efficiency of the BLDC generator. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 2005,20(1):192-199.
[41] Ma Weiming, Hu An, Liu Dezhi. Stability of a synchronous generator with diode-bridge rectifier and back-EMF load. IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion, 2000, 15(4):458-463.
[42]徐松,高景德,郑逢时.带整流负载同步发电机的数字仿真(II)—模式分类.电工技术学报, 1992,7(2):1-6.
[43] Xing-yuan L, O P Malik. Performance of a double-star synchronous generator with bridge rectified output[J]. IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion, 1994, 9(3):613-619.
[44]李兴源,黄耀群,谢应璞等.带整流负载时双Y同步发电机特性的分析.中国电机工程学报,1988,8(2):33-45.
[45]郑德腾,卢贤良.带整流负载6相双Y移30o绕组同步发电机换相过程理论分析与计算机仿真.电工技术学报,1995,(3):15-22.
[46]邵英,袁立军.十二相同步发电机整流系统运行模式分析.中国电机工程学报,2003, 23(7):129-133.
[47]马伟明,胡安,袁立军.十二相同步发电机整流系统直流侧突然短路研究.中国电机工程学报,1999,19(3):31-33.
[48]吴新振,王祥珩.十二相异步发电机功率绕组与整流系统的电路分析.中国电机工程学报,2007,27(15):76-82.
[49]付立军,马伟明,刘德志等.十二/三相感应发电机的数值仿真与试验.电工技术学报, 2005,20(6):6-10.
[50]廖民.带整流负载时六相双丫移30o绕组同步发电机电枢磁势和转子表面附加损耗的分析.大电机技术,1990,4:6-10.
[51]谭斌,解锦辉.六相双Y异步电机的数学模型及仿真研究.船电技术,2007,27(2):79-81.
[2]刘迪吉.航空电机学.北京:航空工业出版社,1992.
[3]丁道宏.电力电子技术.北京:机械工业出版社,2002.
[4] Chaohui Zhao, Yangguang Yan. A review of development of hybrid excitation synchronous machine. IEEE ISIE 2005, Dubrovnik Croatia, 2005:857-862.
[5]赵朝会,秦海鸿,严仰光.混合励磁同步电机发展现状及应用前景.电机与控制学报, 2006,10(2):113-117.
[6]朱孝勇,程明,赵文祥等.混合励磁电机技术综述与发展展望.电工技术学报,2008, 23(1):30-39.
[7]赵朝会.并列结构混合励磁同步发电机的研究,[博士学位论文].南京:南京航空航天大学,2008.
[8] Jin-Woo Ahn, Sung-Jun Park, Dong-Hee Lee. Hybrid excitation of SRM for reduction of vibration and acoustic noise. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 2004, 51(2):374-380.
[9]程树康,郑萍,崔淑梅等.混合磁路多边耦合电机的基础研究.中国电机工程学报, 2000,20(4):50-53.
[10]张千帆,裴宇龙,程树康.轴径向气隙混合磁路多边耦合电机轴向励磁绕组的反电势及其位置传感器机理.中国电机工程学报,2005,25(22):136-140.
[11]卢琴芬,叶云岳,陈翾.混合励磁直线同步电机的磁场与推力.中国电机工程学报, 2005,25(10):127-130.
[12]黄明星,叶云岳,陈翾.混合励磁直线同步电机磁场的有限元分析.微电机,2005, 38(4):21-25.
[13]史黎明,谢吉.混合励磁直线同步电动机悬浮牵引控制器设计.微特电机,2008, 36(7):39-41.
[14] Chen Zhihui, Sun Yaping, Yan Yangguang. Static characteristics of a novel hybrid excitation doubly salient machine. Proceedings of the Eighth International Conference on Electrical Machines and Systems, 2005:718-721.
[15] Xiaoyong Zhu, Ming Cheng, Wenguang Li. Design and analysis of a novel stator hybrid excited doubly salient permanent magnet brushless motor. Proceedings of the EighthInternational Conference on Electrical Machines and Systems, 2005:401-406.
[16] Xiaoyong Zhu, Ming Cheng, Wenxiang Zhao. A transient cosimulation approach to performance analysis of hybrid excited doubly salient machine considering indirect field-circuit coupling. IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 2007, 43(6):2558-2560.
[17] Li Y, T.A.Lipo. A doubly salient permanent magnet motor capable of field weakening. Proceedings of IEEE Power Electronics Specialist Conference, 1995:565-571.
[18] T.A.Lipo. Field weakening for doubly salient motor with stator permanent magnets. United States Patent, 5455473, 1995.
[19]朱孝勇,程明,花为等.新型混合励磁双凸极永磁电机磁场调节特性分析及实验研究.中国电机工程学报,2008,28(3):90-95.
[20] Hoang E, Lecrivain M, Gabsi M. A new structure of a switching flux synchronous polyphased machine with hybrid excitation. 2007 European Conference on Power Electronics and Applications, 2007:1-8.
[21] Amara Y, Lucidarme J, Gabsi M. A new topology of hybrid synchronous machine. IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, 2001, 37(5):1273-1281.
[22] B.J.Chlamers, R.Akmese, L.Musaba. Design and Field-Weakening Performance of Permanent-Magnet/Reluctance Motor with Two-Part Rotor, IEE Proceeding Electric Power Applications. Vol.145, No.2, 1998:133-138.
[23] Naoe Nobuyuki, Fukami Tadashi. Trial Production of a Hybrid Excitation Type Synchronous Machine[C]. France:Proceedings of IEMDC’2001, 2001:545-547.
[24]黄文新,陈海镇.混合励磁永磁发电机及其设计.微特电机,1996,8(5):9-12.
[25]严仰光,谢少军.民航飞机供电系统.北京:航空工业出版社,1998.
[26] Malik E.Elbuluk, M.David Kankam. Potential starter/generator technologies for future aerospace applications, IEEE AES Systems Magazine, 1997, 12(5):24-31.
[27] Ferreira C A, Jones S R, Heglund W S. Detailed design of a 30-kW switched reluctance starter/generator system for a gas turbine engine application. IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, 1995, 31(3):553-561.
[28]刘闯.开关磁阻电机起动/发电系统理论研究与工程实现,[博士学位论文].南京:南京航空航天大学,2000.
[29]李声晋,卢刚,马瑞卿等.开关磁阻组合起动机/发电机设计及试验.中国电机工程学报, 2000,20(2):10-14.
[30]任海英,周波.双凸极起动/发电系统一体化设计与实现.中国电机工程学报,2006, 26(24):153-158.
[31] N Patin, L Vido, E Monmasson. Control of a DC generator based on a hybrid excitation synchronous machine connected to a PWM rectifier. IEEE ISIE 2006, Montreal Quebec Canada, 2006:2330-233.
[32]谢少军,严仰光.未来先进飞机的电源系统.机载设备及系统,1995,1:52-54.
[33]耿庆鹿.整流电路的分类.氯碱工业,2007,4(4):7-10.
[34]张卓然,严仰光,苏凯程.切向磁钢混合励磁同步电机空载磁路计算及三维场分析.中国电机工程学报,2008,28(30):84～89.
[35] Zhuoran Zhang, Yangguang Yan, Shanshui Yang, and Zhou Bo. Principle of operation and feature investigation of a new topology of hybrid excitation synchronous machine. IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 2008, 44(9):2174-2180.
[36] Charles D Syverson, William P Curtiss. Hybrid alternator with full output at idle. US patent:5710471. Jan.20, 1998.
[37]颜威利,杨庆新,汪友华等.电气工程电磁场数值分析,北京:机械工业出版社,2006.
[38]刘国强,赵凌志,蒋继娅. Ansoft工程电磁场有限元分析,北京:电子工业出版社,2005.
[39] R. Krishnan. Geun-Hie rim Modeling, simulation, and analysis of variable-speed constant frequency power conversion scheme with a permanent magnet brushless DC generator. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 1990, 37(4):291-296.
[40] Hyung-Woo Lee, Tae-Hyung Kim, Mehrdad Ehsani. Practical control for improving power density and efficiency of the BLDC generator. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 2005,20(1):192-199.
[41] Ma Weiming, Hu An, Liu Dezhi. Stability of a synchronous generator with diode-bridge rectifier and back-EMF load. IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion, 2000, 15(4):458-463.
[42]徐松,高景德,郑逢时.带整流负载同步发电机的数字仿真(II)—模式分类.电工技术学报, 1992,7(2):1-6.
[43] Xing-yuan L, O P Malik. Performance of a double-star synchronous generator with bridge rectified output[J]. IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion, 1994, 9(3):613-619.
[44]李兴源,黄耀群,谢应璞等.带整流负载时双Y同步发电机特性的分析.中国电机工程学报,1988,8(2):33-45.
[45]郑德腾,卢贤良.带整流负载6相双Y移30o绕组同步发电机换相过程理论分析与计算机仿真.电工技术学报,1995,(3):15-22.
[46]邵英,袁立军.十二相同步发电机整流系统运行模式分析.中国电机工程学报,2003, 23(7):129-133.
[47]马伟明,胡安,袁立军.十二相同步发电机整流系统直流侧突然短路研究.中国电机工程学报,1999,19(3):31-33.
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[49]付立军,马伟明,刘德志等.十二/三相感应发电机的数值仿真与试验.电工技术学报, 2005,20(6):6-10.
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