基于无线传感器网络的油井远程监控系统设计
摘要
油田的地理环境特殊,分布范围极其广泛,相互之间距离远进不一,通信设施分布参差不齐,而且各个井场交通不便且分散、测试维护人员劳动强度大,劳动效率低,采油的成本较高,并且现有的油井抽油机远程监控系统建设费用很高且在使用过程中存在盲区,给油田的生产管理带来了极大不便,同时也不利于油田生产管理的信息化建设,为了解决现存的问题,本文设计了油井远程监控系统,它是一种基于无线传感器网络的系统,是监测抽油机工作情况的重要设施,不但能及时获取油井的工作状况,实现无人值守操作和系统的自动化监视,而且也降低了成本,提高了生产效率。
经过对油井监控系统的需求分析,本文引入了GPRS和ZigBee技术,采用大量传感器无线组网传输的方式,不再使用传统的监控油井的方法,两者优势进行结合,设计了一套适用于油井监控的无线网络的拓扑结构,该网络包括基于ZigBee的无线传感器汇节点数据的完整无线网络系统和基于GPRS的网络传输系统两部分。描述了ZigBee无线网络组网过程,研究了设备建立和加入网络的方式,讨论了ZigBee协议数据与GPRS网络中的TCP/IP协议数据互转的可行性,设计了GPRS与ZigBee网关。
本课题采用市场上比较流行的JN5139无线微控制器结合适当的传感器、GPRS模块、显示模块及其他器件搭建网关节点、采集控制节点和便携式设备等硬件平台,利用ZigBee网络,进行抽油机数据的采集并完成传输；系统软件完成网络建立、数据采集、无线收发、数据显示等控制功能,设计时根据模块化设计方法进行各功能模块设计。与目前使用的油井监控系统相比,本课题具有两个特点：一是将面向短距离通信的无线传感器网络和面向远距离通信的GPRS网络结合起来,使得两者的优势能够互补；二是对ZigBee网络节点唯一的64位MAC地址进行绑定,为精确的节点控制提供了稳定条件。
经测试,本课题工作稳定,监测方式灵活多样,运行可靠测量精度高,人机交互界面友好,数据延时也在监控系统要求的范围内,将其应用在油田可提高油田生产管理的效率,大大降低了成本,在设计应用中比较实用。但是从安全生产、直观方便的角度出发,有必要在系统中添加远程视频监控的功能,需要对系统进行进一步的完善和扩充。
The oil pumping unit detection system can be used to grasp the working conditions of oil well in time, achieve unattended operation and the automation surveillance of oil well system, overcome all the shortcomings, such as the inconvenience of the traffic、dispersive location、the large labor intensity of testing and maintenance personnel, improve labor efficiency and reduce production costs. Because the existing oil pumping unit detection system is very expensive and has communication blind area, which is disadvantageous to the information construction of the oil field production management. To solve this problem, an oil well monitoring system is designed based on wireless sensor network in this paper.
In this paper, through requirements analysis of oil monitoring system, ZigBee and GPRS are introduced, and their advantages are combined, the application of wireless network based on ZigBee and GPRS in oil monitoring system is researched, a suitable network topology of oil monitoring system is designed. The network includes acquisition and transmission communication based on ZigBee and long-distance communications based on GPRS two parts. The procedure of establishing ZigBee network is described, the manner of establish and join networks is studied, the characteristics and basic theory of GPRS technology are described, the feasibility of conversion between ZigBee protocol data and TCP/IP protocol data in GPRS with each other is discussed, and the ZigBee and GPRS gateway node is designed.
The wireless Microcontrollers is JN5139, combining with sensor module, GPRS module, serial communication module, display and other devices to build hardware platform, such as gateway node、collection and control node、PDA, construct ZigBee network, achieve the acquisition and transmission of oil pumping unit data. The system software completes the control functions of network coordination, data acquisition, wireless transceiver, LCD display and serial communication etc. The module design method is used to design the various function modules. In this paper, the system has two characteristics compared with the exiting detection system:Firstly, the short-range communication based on wireless sensor network, combining with the remote communication based on GPRS network, make advantages of them complement with each other. Secondly, gateway node bind the other sensor node with them only 64-bit MAC address for precise control.
Through experimentation, the system is stable, operates reliably with high accuracy and has friendly human computer interface, the lagged data is in the scope of system requires. When the system is applied in the oil field, it can realize the information and automation of the production management in the oil field, and it can cut down the cost of oil field and bring much practical value in industrial production. However, in the view of production safety and facility, the function of remote video surveillance should be increased in this system, therefore we need to further improve the system.
经过对油井监控系统的需求分析,本文引入了GPRS和ZigBee技术,采用大量传感器无线组网传输的方式,不再使用传统的监控油井的方法,两者优势进行结合,设计了一套适用于油井监控的无线网络的拓扑结构,该网络包括基于ZigBee的无线传感器汇节点数据的完整无线网络系统和基于GPRS的网络传输系统两部分。描述了ZigBee无线网络组网过程,研究了设备建立和加入网络的方式,讨论了ZigBee协议数据与GPRS网络中的TCP/IP协议数据互转的可行性,设计了GPRS与ZigBee网关。
本课题采用市场上比较流行的JN5139无线微控制器结合适当的传感器、GPRS模块、显示模块及其他器件搭建网关节点、采集控制节点和便携式设备等硬件平台,利用ZigBee网络,进行抽油机数据的采集并完成传输；系统软件完成网络建立、数据采集、无线收发、数据显示等控制功能,设计时根据模块化设计方法进行各功能模块设计。与目前使用的油井监控系统相比,本课题具有两个特点：一是将面向短距离通信的无线传感器网络和面向远距离通信的GPRS网络结合起来,使得两者的优势能够互补；二是对ZigBee网络节点唯一的64位MAC地址进行绑定,为精确的节点控制提供了稳定条件。
经测试,本课题工作稳定,监测方式灵活多样,运行可靠测量精度高,人机交互界面友好,数据延时也在监控系统要求的范围内,将其应用在油田可提高油田生产管理的效率,大大降低了成本,在设计应用中比较实用。但是从安全生产、直观方便的角度出发,有必要在系统中添加远程视频监控的功能,需要对系统进行进一步的完善和扩充。
The oil pumping unit detection system can be used to grasp the working conditions of oil well in time, achieve unattended operation and the automation surveillance of oil well system, overcome all the shortcomings, such as the inconvenience of the traffic、dispersive location、the large labor intensity of testing and maintenance personnel, improve labor efficiency and reduce production costs. Because the existing oil pumping unit detection system is very expensive and has communication blind area, which is disadvantageous to the information construction of the oil field production management. To solve this problem, an oil well monitoring system is designed based on wireless sensor network in this paper.
In this paper, through requirements analysis of oil monitoring system, ZigBee and GPRS are introduced, and their advantages are combined, the application of wireless network based on ZigBee and GPRS in oil monitoring system is researched, a suitable network topology of oil monitoring system is designed. The network includes acquisition and transmission communication based on ZigBee and long-distance communications based on GPRS two parts. The procedure of establishing ZigBee network is described, the manner of establish and join networks is studied, the characteristics and basic theory of GPRS technology are described, the feasibility of conversion between ZigBee protocol data and TCP/IP protocol data in GPRS with each other is discussed, and the ZigBee and GPRS gateway node is designed.
The wireless Microcontrollers is JN5139, combining with sensor module, GPRS module, serial communication module, display and other devices to build hardware platform, such as gateway node、collection and control node、PDA, construct ZigBee network, achieve the acquisition and transmission of oil pumping unit data. The system software completes the control functions of network coordination, data acquisition, wireless transceiver, LCD display and serial communication etc. The module design method is used to design the various function modules. In this paper, the system has two characteristics compared with the exiting detection system:Firstly, the short-range communication based on wireless sensor network, combining with the remote communication based on GPRS network, make advantages of them complement with each other. Secondly, gateway node bind the other sensor node with them only 64-bit MAC address for precise control.
Through experimentation, the system is stable, operates reliably with high accuracy and has friendly human computer interface, the lagged data is in the scope of system requires. When the system is applied in the oil field, it can realize the information and automation of the production management in the oil field, and it can cut down the cost of oil field and bring much practical value in industrial production. However, in the view of production safety and facility, the function of remote video surveillance should be increased in this system, therefore we need to further improve the system.
引文
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[25]范春辉,何广平.DAC7714和中文液晶模块与单片机的接口设计[J].电测与仪表2005,42(480)：62-64
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[30]杨正进,王玉霞.基于12C总线的EEPROM与单片机接口技术[J].重庆 工学院学报,2001,15(2)：28~31
[31]Mark I. Montrose. EMC and the Printed Circuit Board:Design, Theory, and Layout Made Simple[M].第一版.刘元安,等译.北京：人民邮电出版社,2002：5~7
[32]崔光照,袁赞,刘沙等.一种基于JN5121的无线传感器网络节点的方案设计.汕头大学学报：自然科学版,2008,23(1)：43～47
[33]Haiming Yang, Sikdar B. Optimal Cluster Head Selection in the LEACH Architecture. Performance Computing and Communications Conference, IEEE International[C],2007:93～100
[34]Irfan Majeed Butt, Shoab Ahmed Khan. Analyzing Energy Efficient Communication Protocol for Wireless Micro sensor Networks and Improving System Reliability of LEACH.2005 Summer Computer Simulation Conference [C],2005:161～164
[35]汪宏杰.GPRS系统在油井远程监控中的应用[D]：[硕士学位论文].中国石油大学,2007
[36]陈坚,孙志月.MODEM通信编程技术[M].第一版.西安：西安电子科技大学出版社,1999,7：20~36
[37]崔光照,陈富强,张海霞等.基于ARM9的无线传感器网络网关节点设计.电子技术应用,2008,34(365)：115-118
[38]郭强.液晶显示应用技术[M].第一版.北京：电子工业出版社,2000：3-5
[39]雷建军,赵明富,黄刚.二线串行EEPROM的原理及其与AT89C2051的接口和编程[J].重庆工学院学报,2003,12(3)：40-43
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[2]刘林.基于无线传感器网路的油井监测系统组网的研究与实现[D]：[硕士学位论文].山东大学,2008
[3]崔振华,余国安,安锦高.有杆抽油系统[M].北京：石油工业出版社,1994：5-10
[4]冯潇,刘秋丽.Zigbee在油田远程监控系统中的应用[J].石油仪器,2006,20(5)：68-70
[5]孙利民,李建中,陈渝.无线传感器网络[M].第一版.北京：清华大学出版社,2005：3～20
[6]Tippanagoudar Veerendra, Mahgoub Imad, Badi Ahmed. Implementation of the Sensor-MAC Protocol for the JiST/SWANS Simulator. Computer Systems and Applications (AICCSA)[C].2007:225～232
[7]L. C. Zhong, J. Rabaey, C. L. Guo, et al. Data link layer design for wireless sensor networks. Communications for Network-Centric Operations, Creating the Information Force[C].2001:352～356
[8]IEEE 802.15.4. Wireless Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) Specifications for Low-Rate Wireless Personal Area Networks, IEEE[C]. October 2003
[9]瞿雷,刘盛德,胡咸斌.Zigbee技术及应用[M].第一版.北京：北京航空航天大学出版社,2007,9：565～574
[10]Mills David L. Internet time synchronization:the network time protocol[J]. IEEE Transactions on Communications,1991,39(10):1482～1493
[11]任丰原,黄海宁,林闯.无线传感器网络[J].软件学报,2003,14(7)：1282、1291
[12]钟章队,蒋文怡,李红君等.GPRS通用分组无线业务[M].北京：人民邮电出社,2001：2~4
[13]乔爱锋,张宗橙.GPRS体系结构及管理功能[J].数据通信,2003,2：7-10
[14]ETSI TS 101 351:Digital cellular telecommunications system (Phase 2+);General Packet RaDI/O Service (GPRS);Mobile Station-Serving GPRS Support Node(MS-SGSN) Logical Link Control (LLC) layer specification(3GPP TS04.64 version 6.10.0 Release 1997) [C].2001
[15]梁万用,江泳,崔光照.基于GPRS的无线污水监测系统[J].微计算机信息,2008,24(9)：173-174
[16]ETSI TS 101 349:Digital cellular telecommunications system (Phase 2+);General Packet RaDI/0 Service (GPRS);Mobile Station (MS)-Base Station System (BSS) interface;RaDI/0 Link Control/Medium Access Control (RLC/MAC) protocol (3GPP TS 04.60 version 8.18.0 Release 1999) [C].2000
[17]ETSI TS 100 936:Digital cellular telecommunications system (Phase 2+);Layer General Requirements (3GPP TS 04.04 version 8.1.2 Release 1999)[C].2002
[18]3GPP TS 23.060:3rd Generation Partnership Project, Technical Specification Group Services and System Aspects;General Packet RaDI/0 Service (GPRS);Service description;Stage 2 (Release 1999) [C].2002
[19]高传善,毛迪林,曹袖.数据通信与计算机网络[M].第二版.北京：高等教育出版社,2007,8：400~425
[20]MC55/56 Hardware Interface Description. SIEMENS.2006
[21]IEEE Standard for information technology-802.15.4, The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc[C].1 October 2003
[22]JN-DS-JN513x vl.4. Jennic 2007, Http://www.jennic.com
[23]陆泉森,李军,鲍鸿.光耦隔离技术在智能测控系统中的应用[J].机械与电子,2008,2：53~55
[24]崔光照,陈富强,李浩宾等.一种工业无线遥控系统设计.起重运输机械,2009,22(408)：26-28
[25]范春辉,何广平.DAC7714和中文液晶模块与单片机的接口设计[J].电测与仪表2005,42(480)：62-64
[26]顾志峰,姚萌.基于网关的嵌入式数据采集系统[J].仪器仪表学报2006年第6期增刊
[27]崔光照,陈富强,张海霞等.基于无线传感器网络的油井远程监控系统设计.通信技术,2008,41(203)：214-215,224
[28]Christopher E. Strangio. The RS-232 standard. Copyright(?)1993-2003 CAMI Research Inc., Lexington, Massachusetts[C].
[29]钱君霞,尹斌,魏新棒.基于12C总线的日历时钟PCF8563在MSP430中的应用[J].现代电力,2005,22(3)：72～75
[30]杨正进,王玉霞.基于12C总线的EEPROM与单片机接口技术[J].重庆 工学院学报,2001,15(2)：28~31
[31]Mark I. Montrose. EMC and the Printed Circuit Board:Design, Theory, and Layout Made Simple[M].第一版.刘元安,等译.北京：人民邮电出版社,2002：5~7
[32]崔光照,袁赞,刘沙等.一种基于JN5121的无线传感器网络节点的方案设计.汕头大学学报：自然科学版,2008,23(1)：43～47
[33]Haiming Yang, Sikdar B. Optimal Cluster Head Selection in the LEACH Architecture. Performance Computing and Communications Conference, IEEE International[C],2007:93～100
[34]Irfan Majeed Butt, Shoab Ahmed Khan. Analyzing Energy Efficient Communication Protocol for Wireless Micro sensor Networks and Improving System Reliability of LEACH.2005 Summer Computer Simulation Conference [C],2005:161～164
[35]汪宏杰.GPRS系统在油井远程监控中的应用[D]：[硕士学位论文].中国石油大学,2007
[36]陈坚,孙志月.MODEM通信编程技术[M].第一版.西安：西安电子科技大学出版社,1999,7：20~36
[37]崔光照,陈富强,张海霞等.基于ARM9的无线传感器网络网关节点设计.电子技术应用,2008,34(365)：115-118
[38]郭强.液晶显示应用技术[M].第一版.北京：电子工业出版社,2000：3-5
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