基于ZigBee的自组网无线路灯控制系统研究与设计
摘要
随着社会经济的发展,人们对城市基础设施建设的要求不断提高,作为城市建设中必需的公用设施,照明系统更是关系到市民切身利益的重要环节,路灯的控制和管理水平显示出一个城市的现代化程度。在城市照明系统中,如何节约能源,提高路灯能源的利用率已成为急需解决的问题。因此,提供一种于路灯远程监控有效而合理的管理方法,对城市建设显得极为重要。无线通信技术的发展和无线产品性价比的提高使得无线通信技术在监测和控制领域得到了广泛应用,ZigBee技术作为一种新兴无线通信技术,以其低功耗、通信可靠、网络容量大等特点为路灯自动控制提供了较合适的解决方案。ZigBee技术与各种新型传感器、功率控制器相结合,可以实现路灯智能控制,达到节约能源、方便管理的目的。
本文从解决传统路灯控制方式不灵活、管理维护困难和电能资源浪费的实际问题出发,设计了一套基于ZigBee通信技术的远程监控与数据采集系统。系统将ZigBee新兴技术运用到传统行业中,利用ZigBee网络作为数据的传输媒介,具有网络覆盖面广、系统运行可靠、抗干扰能力强等优点,为路灯管理提供高效实用的解决方案。文中给出了在实验室环境下,系统的实现方案、监控中心和远程测控终端的软硬件架构,并对ZigBee网络的相关技术作了深入分析。
系统硬件部分由安装在各个路灯节点上的协调器、路由器和终端设备组成,当主控终端进行相应的远程操作时,控制信息将通过GPRS通信与ZigBee通信相结合的方式传送到目标节点,路灯节点信息返回之后通过串行总线显示于监控端。课题中主要完成了ZigBee系统的设计工作,包括ZigBee通信模块的电路设计、天线设计以及软件设计等部分。设计的两款新型天线分别具有定向辐射和全向辐射特性,采用通用SMA接口进行可拆卸式安装,分别用于CC2430协调器和路由终端设备,实现了高增益的设计初衷,并有效降低制作成本。Visual Basic6.0编写的应用软件为工作人员提供了实时监测界面与控制终端;而将自组网的概念引入到ZigBee系统,在节点中加入了新型路由机制设计的一种简单小型的ZigBee自组织网络,是对ZigBee系统的进一步应用拓展,可以实现降低功耗、灵活组网的目的。
整套系统是在ZigBee技术的基础上组建的远程通信网络,为路灯控制管理提供了先进实用的解决方案,可实现路灯节能控制系统的智能化、信息化、高可靠性、低成本的目标,对改善路灯管理,提高节能控制成效有着重要的现实意义。
With the development of society and economy, the requirement of urban infrastructure construction has been improving. As the urban construction of essential utilities, lighting system is related to the immediate interests of citizens, and lamp control and management level shows a city's modernization degree. How to save energy and improve lamp energy utilization have become urgent problems in urban lighting system. Therefore, it appears important to provide an effective and reasonable method of remote lamp management. Wireless communication technology has been widely used in monitoring and control field due to the development of wireless communication and the increase of wireless products performance. As a new wireless communication technology, ZigBee provide a suitable solution for lamp automatic control with its low power consumption and large capacity of network communication reliability. Intelligent lamp control, energy saving, and convenient management purpose can be realized with the comnination of ZigBee technology and various new power controllers.
To solve the realistic problem of traditional lamp control as its unflexible management and maintenance difficulties, a set of remote control and data collection system based on ZigBee communication technology has been designed. ZigBee network is applied in tradional industry as the data transmission medium with wide network coverage, reliable operation and strong anti-jamming capability advantages, etc. The system provides an efficient and practical management solution for lamp control system. In this thesis, system implementation scheme of hardware and software structure of monitoring center and remote control terminals has been presented, and ZigBee network will be analyzed in details.
System hardware includes coordinate, router and terminal equipment installed on lamp nodes. When the control centre procceeds remote operation, the command will be transmitted to the target in a compositive way of ZigBee-GPRS, then the information will be returned by nodes and displayed on monitor through serial port. The system design and production has been finished, including circuit design of ZigBee communication module, antenna design and soft programme. Prospective target has been realized by PCB and software debugging. Two new antenna designs with SMA interface are used in coordinator and router or end device with the characteristic of directional radiation and omnidirectional radiation respectively. The design purpose of high-gain and low production cost was realized. The application software written in Visual Basic 6.0 provides real-time monitoring and control interface terminal for staffs. The concept of Ad Hoc network added in ZigBee system and design of a new self organization network is a further application of ZigBee system, realizing the purpose of low power consumption and flexible network.
The wireless communication system based on ZigBee technology provides advanced and practical solutions for lamp management may realize the target of intellectualization, informationization, high reliability and low cost of the monitoring and control system.
本文从解决传统路灯控制方式不灵活、管理维护困难和电能资源浪费的实际问题出发,设计了一套基于ZigBee通信技术的远程监控与数据采集系统。系统将ZigBee新兴技术运用到传统行业中,利用ZigBee网络作为数据的传输媒介,具有网络覆盖面广、系统运行可靠、抗干扰能力强等优点,为路灯管理提供高效实用的解决方案。文中给出了在实验室环境下,系统的实现方案、监控中心和远程测控终端的软硬件架构,并对ZigBee网络的相关技术作了深入分析。
系统硬件部分由安装在各个路灯节点上的协调器、路由器和终端设备组成,当主控终端进行相应的远程操作时,控制信息将通过GPRS通信与ZigBee通信相结合的方式传送到目标节点,路灯节点信息返回之后通过串行总线显示于监控端。课题中主要完成了ZigBee系统的设计工作,包括ZigBee通信模块的电路设计、天线设计以及软件设计等部分。设计的两款新型天线分别具有定向辐射和全向辐射特性,采用通用SMA接口进行可拆卸式安装,分别用于CC2430协调器和路由终端设备,实现了高增益的设计初衷,并有效降低制作成本。Visual Basic6.0编写的应用软件为工作人员提供了实时监测界面与控制终端;而将自组网的概念引入到ZigBee系统,在节点中加入了新型路由机制设计的一种简单小型的ZigBee自组织网络,是对ZigBee系统的进一步应用拓展,可以实现降低功耗、灵活组网的目的。
整套系统是在ZigBee技术的基础上组建的远程通信网络,为路灯控制管理提供了先进实用的解决方案,可实现路灯节能控制系统的智能化、信息化、高可靠性、低成本的目标,对改善路灯管理,提高节能控制成效有着重要的现实意义。
With the development of society and economy, the requirement of urban infrastructure construction has been improving. As the urban construction of essential utilities, lighting system is related to the immediate interests of citizens, and lamp control and management level shows a city's modernization degree. How to save energy and improve lamp energy utilization have become urgent problems in urban lighting system. Therefore, it appears important to provide an effective and reasonable method of remote lamp management. Wireless communication technology has been widely used in monitoring and control field due to the development of wireless communication and the increase of wireless products performance. As a new wireless communication technology, ZigBee provide a suitable solution for lamp automatic control with its low power consumption and large capacity of network communication reliability. Intelligent lamp control, energy saving, and convenient management purpose can be realized with the comnination of ZigBee technology and various new power controllers.
To solve the realistic problem of traditional lamp control as its unflexible management and maintenance difficulties, a set of remote control and data collection system based on ZigBee communication technology has been designed. ZigBee network is applied in tradional industry as the data transmission medium with wide network coverage, reliable operation and strong anti-jamming capability advantages, etc. The system provides an efficient and practical management solution for lamp control system. In this thesis, system implementation scheme of hardware and software structure of monitoring center and remote control terminals has been presented, and ZigBee network will be analyzed in details.
System hardware includes coordinate, router and terminal equipment installed on lamp nodes. When the control centre procceeds remote operation, the command will be transmitted to the target in a compositive way of ZigBee-GPRS, then the information will be returned by nodes and displayed on monitor through serial port. The system design and production has been finished, including circuit design of ZigBee communication module, antenna design and soft programme. Prospective target has been realized by PCB and software debugging. Two new antenna designs with SMA interface are used in coordinator and router or end device with the characteristic of directional radiation and omnidirectional radiation respectively. The design purpose of high-gain and low production cost was realized. The application software written in Visual Basic 6.0 provides real-time monitoring and control interface terminal for staffs. The concept of Ad Hoc network added in ZigBee system and design of a new self organization network is a further application of ZigBee system, realizing the purpose of low power consumption and flexible network.
The wireless communication system based on ZigBee technology provides advanced and practical solutions for lamp management may realize the target of intellectualization, informationization, high reliability and low cost of the monitoring and control system.
引文
[1] ZigBee Alliance,Network Specification,Version 2006 ZigBee Document [DB/OL],December 1~(th),2006.
[2] Ten Emerging Technologies that will change the world[J],MIT’s Technology Review Magazine, February, 2004.
[3] Lee J D.,Development of ZigBee-based Street Light Control System [J],Power Systems Conference and Exposition,2006.
[4] Atmel,ATmega 1280 Microcontroller Datasheet[DB/OL],www. atmel.com,2006.
[5] Atmel,ZigBee/ IEEE802. 15. 4,Transceiver AT86RF230 Datasheet[DB/OL],www. atmel.com,2009.
[6] Texus Instruments,CC2430_Data_Sheet[DB/OL],www.ti.com.cn,2006.
[7] ZigBee联盟,ZigBee技术引领无线数字新生活[J],电脑知识与技术,2006,27:29-34.
[8]安琦,无线传感器网络能量有效性路由协议研究[J].西北工业大学,2006.
[9]李继豪、赵瑞峰、李爱莉,基于GSM/GPRS网络的路灯监控系统[J],计算机工程与设计,2005(7):1889
[10]陈乃勤,基于GIS的路灯控制管理系统的实施策略[J],计算机应用,2000(1):51-53.
[11]翟萍、张春玲,城市路灯控制系统的无线解决方案[J],微计算机信息,2008
[12]中国电子科技集团公司第五十研究所,基于ZigBee技术的单灯节能监控系统[J],数控技术,2008.
[13]贺文,基于IEEE802.15.4/ZigBee的无线传感器网络研究[J],浙江大学硕士学位论文,2006.
[14]李刚、张志宏,蜜蜂的舞蹈-ZigBee的无线网络技术和应用[J],电子产品世界,2006.
[15] ZigBee Alliance Home Page[DB/OL],http://www.zigbee.org.
[16]吕治安,ZigBee网络原理与应用开发[M],北京航空航天大学出版社,2008.
[17]徐殿国、张相军,刘晓胜等,照明电子技术的发展现状与未来[J],电力电子技术,2007.
[18]瞿雷、刘盛德,胡咸斌.ZigBee技术及应用[M],北京航天航空大学出版社,2007.
[19]蒋挺、赵成林,紫蜂技术及其应用[M],北京邮电大学出版社,2006.
[20]李文仲、段朝玉,ZigBee无线网络技术入门与实战[M],北京航空航天大学出版社,2008。
[21]尹盼、阳春华,基于ZigBee技术的矿井综合监测系统设计与网络节点开发[J],中南大学硕士学位论文,2009.
[22] Texus Instruments,802.15.4 MAC User’s Guide For CC2430DK[EB/OL],http://www.ti.com,2007.
[23] Texus Instruments,802.15.4 MAC Application Programming Interface[EB/OL],http://www.ti.com,2007.
[24] Texus Instruments , SmartRF_Studio_User_Manual Rev 6.5.2 [ EB/OL ],http://www.ti.com,2006.
[25] Ikonen P M T, Maslovski S I. On artificial magnetodielectriloading for improving the impedance bandwidth properties of microstrip antennas[J],IEEE Trans. on Antennas and Propagation,2006,54(6):1654-1662.
[26] David K.CHENG,Optimization Techniques for Antenna Arrays[J],IEEE Transactions on antenna and propagation,VO159,Issue12,DeC.1971,Page(s):1664-1674.
[27] Deal W R, A new quasi-Yagi antenna for planar active antenna arrays[J],IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory &Tech,2000.
[28] Z.N.Chen、M. Y. W. Chia、M. J. Ammann, Optimization and Comparison of Broadband Monopoles [J],Proc. Inst. Elect. Eng. Microwaves,Antennas and Propagation,Dec. 2003,150(6): 429–435.
[29] Sze J. Y., Band-width Enhancement of a Microstrip-line-fed Printed Wide-slot Antenna [J] ,IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation,2001,49 (6): 1020-1024.
[30]陈林星,移动Ad Hoc网络—自组织分组无线网络技术[J],电子工业出版社,2006年4月,第一版.
[31]常媛媛,八木天线的设计仿真与测试[J],北京交通大学硕士学位论文,2006.
[32]侯榜焕,微带八木贴片天线的特性研究[J],中国空间科学技术,2009.
[33]凌志浩等,ZigBee无线通信技术及其应用研究[J],华东理工大学学报(自然科学版),2006,32(07):801-805.
[34]刘学观、郭辉萍,微波技术与天线[M],西安电子科技大学出版社,2001.
[35]吕桦,基于ZigBee技术的HID可调光控制系统的研究,浙江大学硕士学位论文,2007
[36]邹仕洪、张丽娜、程时端,一种高效的移动自组织网MAC协议[J],北京邮电大学学报,2005,28 (1) :43247.
[36] C. Puente、J. Romeu、R. Pous,Small but Long Koch Fractal Monopole[J], Electronics Letters [J],1998,34(l): 9-10.
[37] D. H. Werner、S. Ganguly,An Overview of Fractal Antenna Engineering Research[J],IEEE Antenna and Propagation Magazine,2003,45(l): 38-57.
[38]郑少仁,Ad Hoc网络技术,人民邮电出版社[M],2005年1月,第一版.
[39]岳欣、康行健等,球形和锥形加载单极子天线的宽带特性研究[J],微波学报,2000,16(4):329-335.
[40]樊昌信、张甫翊等,通信原理,国防工业出版社[M],2005.
[41] Wu T、King R,The Cylindrical Antenna with Nonreflecting Resistive Loading[J],IEEE Trans. Antennas and Propagation,May 1965,AP-13(3): 369–373.
[42]戚玉洁,应用于井下作业管理的RFID系统的研究与设计[J],苏州大学硕士学位论文,2008.
[43]裴丽群、陈洪亮,基于ZigBee的无线照明系统的研究与设计[J],上海交通大学硕士学位论文,2008.1
[44]杨晶,VB6.0程序设计[M],机械工业出版社,2004.
[45] R. Hahn、J. Fikioris,Impedance and Radiation Pattern of Antennas above Flat Discs[J],IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag.,Jan. 1973,21(1): 97-100.
[46]赫立讯科技有限公司,ZigBee灯光方案-赫立讯无线模块在灯光控制中的作用,2006.
[2] Ten Emerging Technologies that will change the world[J],MIT’s Technology Review Magazine, February, 2004.
[3] Lee J D.,Development of ZigBee-based Street Light Control System [J],Power Systems Conference and Exposition,2006.
[4] Atmel,ATmega 1280 Microcontroller Datasheet[DB/OL],www. atmel.com,2006.
[5] Atmel,ZigBee/ IEEE802. 15. 4,Transceiver AT86RF230 Datasheet[DB/OL],www. atmel.com,2009.
[6] Texus Instruments,CC2430_Data_Sheet[DB/OL],www.ti.com.cn,2006.
[7] ZigBee联盟,ZigBee技术引领无线数字新生活[J],电脑知识与技术,2006,27:29-34.
[8]安琦,无线传感器网络能量有效性路由协议研究[J].西北工业大学,2006.
[9]李继豪、赵瑞峰、李爱莉,基于GSM/GPRS网络的路灯监控系统[J],计算机工程与设计,2005(7):1889
[10]陈乃勤,基于GIS的路灯控制管理系统的实施策略[J],计算机应用,2000(1):51-53.
[11]翟萍、张春玲,城市路灯控制系统的无线解决方案[J],微计算机信息,2008
[12]中国电子科技集团公司第五十研究所,基于ZigBee技术的单灯节能监控系统[J],数控技术,2008.
[13]贺文,基于IEEE802.15.4/ZigBee的无线传感器网络研究[J],浙江大学硕士学位论文,2006.
[14]李刚、张志宏,蜜蜂的舞蹈-ZigBee的无线网络技术和应用[J],电子产品世界,2006.
[15] ZigBee Alliance Home Page[DB/OL],http://www.zigbee.org.
[16]吕治安,ZigBee网络原理与应用开发[M],北京航空航天大学出版社,2008.
[17]徐殿国、张相军,刘晓胜等,照明电子技术的发展现状与未来[J],电力电子技术,2007.
[18]瞿雷、刘盛德,胡咸斌.ZigBee技术及应用[M],北京航天航空大学出版社,2007.
[19]蒋挺、赵成林,紫蜂技术及其应用[M],北京邮电大学出版社,2006.
[20]李文仲、段朝玉,ZigBee无线网络技术入门与实战[M],北京航空航天大学出版社,2008。
[21]尹盼、阳春华,基于ZigBee技术的矿井综合监测系统设计与网络节点开发[J],中南大学硕士学位论文,2009.
[22] Texus Instruments,802.15.4 MAC User’s Guide For CC2430DK[EB/OL],http://www.ti.com,2007.
[23] Texus Instruments,802.15.4 MAC Application Programming Interface[EB/OL],http://www.ti.com,2007.
[24] Texus Instruments , SmartRF_Studio_User_Manual Rev 6.5.2 [ EB/OL ],http://www.ti.com,2006.
[25] Ikonen P M T, Maslovski S I. On artificial magnetodielectriloading for improving the impedance bandwidth properties of microstrip antennas[J],IEEE Trans. on Antennas and Propagation,2006,54(6):1654-1662.
[26] David K.CHENG,Optimization Techniques for Antenna Arrays[J],IEEE Transactions on antenna and propagation,VO159,Issue12,DeC.1971,Page(s):1664-1674.
[27] Deal W R, A new quasi-Yagi antenna for planar active antenna arrays[J],IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory &Tech,2000.
[28] Z.N.Chen、M. Y. W. Chia、M. J. Ammann, Optimization and Comparison of Broadband Monopoles [J],Proc. Inst. Elect. Eng. Microwaves,Antennas and Propagation,Dec. 2003,150(6): 429–435.
[29] Sze J. Y., Band-width Enhancement of a Microstrip-line-fed Printed Wide-slot Antenna [J] ,IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation,2001,49 (6): 1020-1024.
[30]陈林星,移动Ad Hoc网络—自组织分组无线网络技术[J],电子工业出版社,2006年4月,第一版.
[31]常媛媛,八木天线的设计仿真与测试[J],北京交通大学硕士学位论文,2006.
[32]侯榜焕,微带八木贴片天线的特性研究[J],中国空间科学技术,2009.
[33]凌志浩等,ZigBee无线通信技术及其应用研究[J],华东理工大学学报(自然科学版),2006,32(07):801-805.
[34]刘学观、郭辉萍,微波技术与天线[M],西安电子科技大学出版社,2001.
[35]吕桦,基于ZigBee技术的HID可调光控制系统的研究,浙江大学硕士学位论文,2007
[36]邹仕洪、张丽娜、程时端,一种高效的移动自组织网MAC协议[J],北京邮电大学学报,2005,28 (1) :43247.
[36] C. Puente、J. Romeu、R. Pous,Small but Long Koch Fractal Monopole[J], Electronics Letters [J],1998,34(l): 9-10.
[37] D. H. Werner、S. Ganguly,An Overview of Fractal Antenna Engineering Research[J],IEEE Antenna and Propagation Magazine,2003,45(l): 38-57.
[38]郑少仁,Ad Hoc网络技术,人民邮电出版社[M],2005年1月,第一版.
[39]岳欣、康行健等,球形和锥形加载单极子天线的宽带特性研究[J],微波学报,2000,16(4):329-335.
[40]樊昌信、张甫翊等,通信原理,国防工业出版社[M],2005.
[41] Wu T、King R,The Cylindrical Antenna with Nonreflecting Resistive Loading[J],IEEE Trans. Antennas and Propagation,May 1965,AP-13(3): 369–373.
[42]戚玉洁,应用于井下作业管理的RFID系统的研究与设计[J],苏州大学硕士学位论文,2008.
[43]裴丽群、陈洪亮,基于ZigBee的无线照明系统的研究与设计[J],上海交通大学硕士学位论文,2008.1
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[45] R. Hahn、J. Fikioris,Impedance and Radiation Pattern of Antennas above Flat Discs[J],IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag.,Jan. 1973,21(1): 97-100.
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