基于P2P网络的流媒体关键技术研究
摘要
近些年来,随着网络环境的不断改善,流媒体应用得到了飞速发展。从基于代理服务器的流媒体组播方案到现在比较流行的基于P2P网络的流媒体组播方案,其发展速度十分迅猛。关于流媒体的许多关键技术也得到了长足的发展。如流媒体的编码技术,数据缓存技术和数据分发技术。其中,基于P2P网络的流媒体数据分发策略更是当前研究的热点。根据数据分发的拓扑结构可以将其划分为以树或多树结构为主和以网状结构为主的两类。但是,树结构是高度易损的,其适用于稳定性高且规模小的环境。网状结构虽然比较稳定,但其控制开销巨大,对网络造成的负载大。
本文将设计一种新的流媒体数据分发策略——树网结合的流媒体数据分发策略(TDS)。该策略通过域内根节点(Sub_Root)有效的将树结构与网结构组织在一起,充分发挥两种结构各自的特点。TDS可以根据网络情况的变化,动态的调整数据传输结构。TDS充分利用网络资源,分散了源节点控制开销,有效的降低了系统控制开销,优化了数据传输路径,提高了服务质量。
另外,本文提出的新策略在OPNET仿真工具上进行了模拟实验。本文将详细的介绍如何在OPNET仿真工具上对该策略进行模拟实验建模,如何构建PEERCAST,DONET和TDS系统的进程模型。最后,通过实验结果验证了TDS系统的有效性。
In recent years, along with the network environment progressive improvement, the live streaming application has obtained rapid development. From the traditional multicast policy based on proxy server to the present quite popular policy based on P2P network its development speed is extremely swift. Meanwhile many key technologies of live streaming also have made considerable progress, such as coding technology, buffering technology and the data distribution technology. Among them. the data distribution policy based on the P2P network is the current hot spot. Based on the topology of distribution it can be divided into two main types, the tree or multi-tree structure and the mesh structure. But the tree structure is highly vulnerable. It is suitable for the environment of high stability and small scale. Although mesh structure is quite stable, its control costs are huge and it can make huge burden on the network.
This dissertation presents the design of a novel P2P live streaming policy, tree-mesh based P2P Streaming Data Distribution Scheme ( TDS ) . This strategy organizes both the tree structure and the mesh together through Sub_Root, and calls their respective advantages into full pay. TDS can adjust data transmission structure dynamically according to the network change. It can: make the best of network resources, disperse the source node control costs, reduce the systems control costs, optimize the data transmission structure and improve the quality of service.
Moreover, the simulation experiment of this new strategy has been carrying out on the OPNET simulation tool. This dissertation will introduce how to create the environment of simulation and how to construct the process model of PEERCAST. DONET and the TDS system. Finally, it can confirm the TDS system validity through the experimental result.
本文将设计一种新的流媒体数据分发策略——树网结合的流媒体数据分发策略(TDS)。该策略通过域内根节点(Sub_Root)有效的将树结构与网结构组织在一起,充分发挥两种结构各自的特点。TDS可以根据网络情况的变化,动态的调整数据传输结构。TDS充分利用网络资源,分散了源节点控制开销,有效的降低了系统控制开销,优化了数据传输路径,提高了服务质量。
另外,本文提出的新策略在OPNET仿真工具上进行了模拟实验。本文将详细的介绍如何在OPNET仿真工具上对该策略进行模拟实验建模,如何构建PEERCAST,DONET和TDS系统的进程模型。最后,通过实验结果验证了TDS系统的有效性。
In recent years, along with the network environment progressive improvement, the live streaming application has obtained rapid development. From the traditional multicast policy based on proxy server to the present quite popular policy based on P2P network its development speed is extremely swift. Meanwhile many key technologies of live streaming also have made considerable progress, such as coding technology, buffering technology and the data distribution technology. Among them. the data distribution policy based on the P2P network is the current hot spot. Based on the topology of distribution it can be divided into two main types, the tree or multi-tree structure and the mesh structure. But the tree structure is highly vulnerable. It is suitable for the environment of high stability and small scale. Although mesh structure is quite stable, its control costs are huge and it can make huge burden on the network.
This dissertation presents the design of a novel P2P live streaming policy, tree-mesh based P2P Streaming Data Distribution Scheme ( TDS ) . This strategy organizes both the tree structure and the mesh together through Sub_Root, and calls their respective advantages into full pay. TDS can adjust data transmission structure dynamically according to the network change. It can: make the best of network resources, disperse the source node control costs, reduce the systems control costs, optimize the data transmission structure and improve the quality of service.
Moreover, the simulation experiment of this new strategy has been carrying out on the OPNET simulation tool. This dissertation will introduce how to create the environment of simulation and how to construct the process model of PEERCAST. DONET and the TDS system. Finally, it can confirm the TDS system validity through the experimental result.
引文
[1]刘亚杰,窦文华.一种P2P环境下的VoD流媒体服务体系[J].软件学报.2006,80(17):876-884页
[2]龚海刚,刘明,毛莺池.P2P流媒体关键技术的研究进展.计算机研究与发展.2005,25(12):2033-2040页
[3]杨云志,黄顺吉,王建国.自适应量化编码的研究.研究与开发2001,80(1):667-678页
[4]武广柱,王劲林,齐卫宁.自适应随机网络编码流媒体系统.电子与信息学报.2008,19(6):356-368页
[5]王相海.视频细粒度可分级编码研究进展.计算机科学.2006,23(7):75-80页
[6]陈臣.基于H.264的精细可伸缩性视频编码研究.萍乡高等专科学校学报.2006,13(6):2355-2363页
[7]易运池.浅述M PEG-2所支持的可伸缩性视频编码方式.内蒙古科技与经济.2004,76(11):1312-1325页
[8]张洋,张楠,伊宝才.多描述编码研究现状.计算机学报.2007,16(9):341-352页
[9]张萍.多描述编码.信息技术.2006,11(12):1237-1248页
[10]Kostic D,Rodriguez A,Albrecht J,Vahdat A.Bullet:high bandwidth data dissemination using an overlay mesh.in Proc.ACM SOSP,New York,USA.October 2003:282-297P
[11]Castro M,Druschel P,Kermarrec AM.Splitstream:High-bandwidth Content Distribution in Cooperative Environments.19th ACM Symposium on Operating System Principles,2003:282-297P
[12]Padmanabhan V N,Wang H J,Chou P A.Resilient Peer-to-peer Streaming Using Cooperative Networking[C]//Proc.of ICNP'03.2003:282-297P
[13]孙名松,唐亮,周红敏.P2P点播系统的客户端磁盘缓存策略.计算机工程.2008,12(10):478-489页
[14]刘永卫,唐新春,刘戊开,陈谦.基于缓存区段的P2P流媒体调度算法.计算机工程与科学.2008,32(6):667-674页
[15]陈刚,张伟文,吴国新.P2P流媒体Cache的置换算法.计算机研究与发展.2007,44(11):1857-1865页
[16]赵志升,罗德林,杨志东.P2P技术与流媒体发展新趋势.河北北方学院学报(自然科学版).2007,23(1):60-67页
[17]雷钢,李林,张祯.流媒体技术综述.四川文理学院学报(自然科学).2007,2(9):1129-1138页
[18]白晓飞,孙季丰.基于P2P网络模式VOD系统的数据传输新方法.计算机应用与软件.2006,23(3):101-72页
[19]杨峰,郑纬民,余宏亮.基于P2P的应用层组播结构研究.计算机工程.2007,36(8):1377-1385页
[20]Chu Y H,Rao S G,Zhang H.A case for end system multicast.In Proc.SIGMETRICS,Santa Clara.California,United States,June 2000:45-47P
[21]Tran DA,Hua KA,Do T.ZIGZAG:An efficient peer-to-peer scheme for media streaming.In:Bauer F.ed.Proc.of the IEEE INFOCOM.San Francisco:IEEE Press,2003:1283-1292P
[22]Banerjee S,Bhattacharjee B,Kommareddy C.Scalable application layer multicast.In:Steenkiste P,ed.Proc.of the SIGCOMM.Pittsburgh:ACM Press,2002:205-217P
[23]王珂,刘志勤.基于P2P覆盖网的流媒体高质量传输策略.计算机工程.2007,33(15):136-141页
[24]S.Floyd,V.Jacobson,S.McCanne,C-G Liu,L.X.Zhang.A Reliable Multicast Framework forLight-Weight Sessions and Application Level Framing.Proc.Of ACM Sigcomm 1995:342-356P
[25]Padmanabhan V N,Wang H J.Chou P A,Sripanidkulchai K.Distributing streaming media content using cooperative networking,in Proc.NOSSDAV02,USA,May 2003:177-186P
[26]A.I.T.Rowstron,P.Druschel.Pastry:Scalable decentralized object location,and routing for large-scale peer-to-peer systems.In Middleware,2001:329-350P
[27]张志远.基于Gnutella模型的P2P网络电视的实现.中国民航大学学报.2007,25(2):39-44页
[28]X.Zhang,J.Liu,B.Li,T.S.P.Yum.DONet/CoolStreaming:AData-dnven Overlay Network for Peer-to-Peer Live Media Streaming,in IEEE INFOCOM,vol.3,Mar.2005:2102-2111P
[29]X.Liao,H.Jin,Y.Liu,L.M.Ni,D.Deng.AnySee:Peer-to-Peer Live Streaming.Proceedings of IEEE INFOCOM.April 2006:174-186P
[30]F.Wang,Y.Xiong,J.Liu.mTreebone:A hybrid tree/mesh overlay for application-layer live video multicast,in IEEE ICDCS,2007:1158-1169P
[31]Ganesh A J,Kermarrec A M.Massoulie L.Peer-to-peer Membership Management for Gossip-based Protocols[J].IEEE Transactions on Computers,2003,52(2):1158-1169P
[32]崔晓源,孙学军,杨永火.基于层次化P2P覆盖网络的多播模型.计算机应用.2005,25(7):1547-1511页
[33]卢良进,万健,徐向华.推拉结合的P2P直播系统研究与实现.计算机工程.2008,53(4):132-143页
[34]N.Magharei,R.Rejaie.Y.Guo.Mesh or multiple-tree:A compar-ative study of live P2P streaming approaches.In IEEE INFOCOMM,2007:329-336P
[35]赵瑞,孙丹,李成贵.P2P网络模式的特点及其应用分析.微型机与应用.2006,61(9):1862-1873页
[36]陈敏.OPNET网络仿真.清华大学出版社.2004:25-42页
[2]龚海刚,刘明,毛莺池.P2P流媒体关键技术的研究进展.计算机研究与发展.2005,25(12):2033-2040页
[3]杨云志,黄顺吉,王建国.自适应量化编码的研究.研究与开发2001,80(1):667-678页
[4]武广柱,王劲林,齐卫宁.自适应随机网络编码流媒体系统.电子与信息学报.2008,19(6):356-368页
[5]王相海.视频细粒度可分级编码研究进展.计算机科学.2006,23(7):75-80页
[6]陈臣.基于H.264的精细可伸缩性视频编码研究.萍乡高等专科学校学报.2006,13(6):2355-2363页
[7]易运池.浅述M PEG-2所支持的可伸缩性视频编码方式.内蒙古科技与经济.2004,76(11):1312-1325页
[8]张洋,张楠,伊宝才.多描述编码研究现状.计算机学报.2007,16(9):341-352页
[9]张萍.多描述编码.信息技术.2006,11(12):1237-1248页
[10]Kostic D,Rodriguez A,Albrecht J,Vahdat A.Bullet:high bandwidth data dissemination using an overlay mesh.in Proc.ACM SOSP,New York,USA.October 2003:282-297P
[11]Castro M,Druschel P,Kermarrec AM.Splitstream:High-bandwidth Content Distribution in Cooperative Environments.19th ACM Symposium on Operating System Principles,2003:282-297P
[12]Padmanabhan V N,Wang H J,Chou P A.Resilient Peer-to-peer Streaming Using Cooperative Networking[C]//Proc.of ICNP'03.2003:282-297P
[13]孙名松,唐亮,周红敏.P2P点播系统的客户端磁盘缓存策略.计算机工程.2008,12(10):478-489页
[14]刘永卫,唐新春,刘戊开,陈谦.基于缓存区段的P2P流媒体调度算法.计算机工程与科学.2008,32(6):667-674页
[15]陈刚,张伟文,吴国新.P2P流媒体Cache的置换算法.计算机研究与发展.2007,44(11):1857-1865页
[16]赵志升,罗德林,杨志东.P2P技术与流媒体发展新趋势.河北北方学院学报(自然科学版).2007,23(1):60-67页
[17]雷钢,李林,张祯.流媒体技术综述.四川文理学院学报(自然科学).2007,2(9):1129-1138页
[18]白晓飞,孙季丰.基于P2P网络模式VOD系统的数据传输新方法.计算机应用与软件.2006,23(3):101-72页
[19]杨峰,郑纬民,余宏亮.基于P2P的应用层组播结构研究.计算机工程.2007,36(8):1377-1385页
[20]Chu Y H,Rao S G,Zhang H.A case for end system multicast.In Proc.SIGMETRICS,Santa Clara.California,United States,June 2000:45-47P
[21]Tran DA,Hua KA,Do T.ZIGZAG:An efficient peer-to-peer scheme for media streaming.In:Bauer F.ed.Proc.of the IEEE INFOCOM.San Francisco:IEEE Press,2003:1283-1292P
[22]Banerjee S,Bhattacharjee B,Kommareddy C.Scalable application layer multicast.In:Steenkiste P,ed.Proc.of the SIGCOMM.Pittsburgh:ACM Press,2002:205-217P
[23]王珂,刘志勤.基于P2P覆盖网的流媒体高质量传输策略.计算机工程.2007,33(15):136-141页
[24]S.Floyd,V.Jacobson,S.McCanne,C-G Liu,L.X.Zhang.A Reliable Multicast Framework forLight-Weight Sessions and Application Level Framing.Proc.Of ACM Sigcomm 1995:342-356P
[25]Padmanabhan V N,Wang H J.Chou P A,Sripanidkulchai K.Distributing streaming media content using cooperative networking,in Proc.NOSSDAV02,USA,May 2003:177-186P
[26]A.I.T.Rowstron,P.Druschel.Pastry:Scalable decentralized object location,and routing for large-scale peer-to-peer systems.In Middleware,2001:329-350P
[27]张志远.基于Gnutella模型的P2P网络电视的实现.中国民航大学学报.2007,25(2):39-44页
[28]X.Zhang,J.Liu,B.Li,T.S.P.Yum.DONet/CoolStreaming:AData-dnven Overlay Network for Peer-to-Peer Live Media Streaming,in IEEE INFOCOM,vol.3,Mar.2005:2102-2111P
[29]X.Liao,H.Jin,Y.Liu,L.M.Ni,D.Deng.AnySee:Peer-to-Peer Live Streaming.Proceedings of IEEE INFOCOM.April 2006:174-186P
[30]F.Wang,Y.Xiong,J.Liu.mTreebone:A hybrid tree/mesh overlay for application-layer live video multicast,in IEEE ICDCS,2007:1158-1169P
[31]Ganesh A J,Kermarrec A M.Massoulie L.Peer-to-peer Membership Management for Gossip-based Protocols[J].IEEE Transactions on Computers,2003,52(2):1158-1169P
[32]崔晓源,孙学军,杨永火.基于层次化P2P覆盖网络的多播模型.计算机应用.2005,25(7):1547-1511页
[33]卢良进,万健,徐向华.推拉结合的P2P直播系统研究与实现.计算机工程.2008,53(4):132-143页
[34]N.Magharei,R.Rejaie.Y.Guo.Mesh or multiple-tree:A compar-ative study of live P2P streaming approaches.In IEEE INFOCOMM,2007:329-336P
[35]赵瑞,孙丹,李成贵.P2P网络模式的特点及其应用分析.微型机与应用.2006,61(9):1862-1873页
[36]陈敏.OPNET网络仿真.清华大学出版社.2004:25-42页