Cu-纳米Al_2O_3复合粉体湿法制备技术及其烧结体的组织性能研究
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摘要
本论文研究纳米Al_2O_3陶瓷颗粒增强铜基复合材料的制备技术,组织,性能,磨损行为及机理。研究路线为:选用纳米级Al_2O_3陶瓷颗粒作为增强相,在超声波的环境中用化学镀的方法完成对纳米Al_2O_3陶瓷颗粒表面的金属铜包覆,采用热压烧结成型技术以复合粉末为原料制备成纳米Al_2O_3陶瓷颗粒增强铜基复合材料,研究分析复合材料的成分、组织结构、硬度以及致密度,对试样进行了干滑动摩擦磨损实验。
     采用XRD、TEM等分析测试技术对Al_2O_3—Cu复合粉末进行检测,结果表明在纳米Al_2O_3陶瓷颗粒表面成功镀覆金属铜,结合良好。
     通过对复合材料的微结构、硬度和致密度的分析,发现纳米Al_2O_3陶瓷颗粒在铜基体中呈团簇状弥散分布;复合材料的硬度有很大的提高,纳米Al_2O_3对铜基体有良好的强化作用;复合材料的致密度差别较大,与热压参数有紧密联系,热压温度高,热压压力大,烧结的材料致密度高。
     在自制的销—盘式低载荷摩擦磨损试验机上对复合材料进行摩擦磨损实验,通过对实验数据和SEM形貌的分析,表明纳米Al_2O_3陶瓷颗粒增强铜基复合材料有较好的抗磨损性能。材料的磨损包括跑合阶段和稳态磨损阶段,跑合磨损阶段磨损量变化迅速,而稳态磨损阶段磨损量变化缓慢。随着载荷的增加,复合材料的磨损率随之增加;复合材料的耐磨性与增强相含量有关,随着增强相含量的增多,抗磨损性能增加;复合材料耐磨性的高低与热压参数有关,热压温度高、热压压力大,烧结好的材料的耐磨性能好。样品素胚冷压压力的高低对材料的耐磨性存在影响,但热压压力对复合材料耐磨性能影响更大。
In this paper, nanosized Al2O3 ceramic particles were chose as reinforcing phase. Enhanced with ultrasonic wave the particles were covered with copper using method by electroless plating, the Copper-matrix composite was developed by hot-press sintering process of the composite powder. The composition, microstructure , hardness , density and dry sliding wear property of the new material have been studied.
    The composite powder was analysed by using XRD, TEM. The result showed that there were two phases: ? -A12O3 and copper, the particles were covered with copper, the bond of A12O3 particle with copper phase was good.
    The composition, microstructurex hardness and density were analysed. It was found that nanosized A12O3 ceramic particles were evenly dispersed in the copper matrix. The composite hardness was increased comparing to copper due to the reinforcement effect of nanosized Al2O3. And the density was related with the parameters of hot-press sintering processing.
    The dry sliding wear of the composites was investigated in a pin-on-disk wear test rig. The wear behavior and the morphology of worn surface of samples were analysed. The result showed that Cu-(Al2O3)n composite was excellent at wear resistance. The wear rate increased with the increase of load, and it decreased with the increase of the nanosized Al2O3 content. The parameters of hot-press sintering process, the temperature and the pressure, affected the wear resistance of Cu-(Al2O3)n composite, that is, the high temperature and the high pressure had increased the wear resistance of Cu-(Al2O3)n composite. And the wear resistance of Cu-(Al2O3)n composite was related to the cold-press pressure before the hot-press sintering process. The influence of hot-press pressure on the wear resistance was more significant than that of the cold press process.
引文
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