监护制度的检视及委托监护商业化运作
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摘要
《民法总则》于2017年正式施行,但是未成年人的监护问题并没有就此得到解决。未成年人的法定监护依然有不到位的地方,委托监护地位模糊,国家监护在现在的福利化程度下步履艰难。未成年人的委托监护问题,尤其是广大留守儿童的委托监护问题,需要多管齐下。委托监护的商业化运作有其必然性,也有其正当性基础。通过将委托监护事宜契约化,运用合同解决委托监护中的权、责、利划分;通过将委托监护人的范围从个人扩大到机构,发挥机构监护的优势,使委托监护从依靠亲情伦理自治走向商业化,依靠制度和契约来规范,以期达到更好的效果。
The General Principles of Civil Law came into effect in 2017. However, the custody of minors has not been resolved. The legal guardianship of minors is still not in place, the status of entrusted guardianship is vague, and the state guardianship is difficult under the present welfare. The entrusted guardianship of minors, especially the entrusted guardianship of children left behind, needs to be multi-pronged. The commercial operation of entrustment guardianship has its inevitability as well as its legitimate basis. By contracting the entrusted guardianship, applying the contract to solve the division of power, responsibility and interest in the entrusted guardianship, and by expanding the scope of the entrusted guardian from the individual to the institution, and giving play to the advantages of institutional guardianship, In order to achieve better effect, entrustment guardianship is changed from relying on the autonomy of kinship ethics to commercialization, on the basis of system and contract.
The General Principles of Civil Law came into effect in 2017. However, the custody of minors has not been resolved. The legal guardianship of minors is still not in place, the status of entrusted guardianship is vague, and the state guardianship is difficult under the present welfare. The entrusted guardianship of minors, especially the entrusted guardianship of children left behind, needs to be multi-pronged. The commercial operation of entrustment guardianship has its inevitability as well as its legitimate basis. By contracting the entrusted guardianship, applying the contract to solve the division of power, responsibility and interest in the entrusted guardianship, and by expanding the scope of the entrusted guardian from the individual to the institution, and giving play to the advantages of institutional guardianship, In order to achieve better effect, entrustment guardianship is changed from relying on the autonomy of kinship ethics to commercialization, on the basis of system and contract.
引文
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[2]全国妇联课题组.全国农村留守儿童城乡流动儿童状况研究报告[J].中国妇运,2013(6):30-34.
[3]谭启平.“民法人”的探索[M].北京:法律出版社,2009:5.
[4]叶英萍,李永.民法典视域下亲属身份权之重塑[J].西南政法大学学报,2016(2):129-135.
[5]陈苇.当代中国内地与港、澳、台婚姻家庭法比较研究[M].北京:群众出版社,2012:611.
[6]黄阳寿.有当事人能力之非法人团体之权利能力论[M].台北:汉兴书局,1996:3.
[7] 蒋德烽.福州托管市场乱象多 2千多家机构仅5百家有执照.[EB/OL].(2015-09-10)[2018-02-21].http://fj.qq.com/a/20150910/008137.htm.
[8]王利明.《民法总则》的本土性与时代性[J].交大法学,2017(3):87-94.
[9]夏吟兰.民法典未成年人监护立法体例辩思[J].法学家,2018(4):1-15.