真空预压–电渗联合作用下软黏土非线性大变形固结模型
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摘要
基于分段线性差分法,建立轴对称真空预压–电渗耦合非线性大变形固结模型,可用于分析真空预压、电渗任意组合形式下的软黏土大变形固结问题。模型充分考虑固结过程中土性参数的非线性变化并采用FORTRAN编写计算程序,分别采用小变形解析解和大变形固结试验验证模型的准确性,模型在小变形情况下与现有解析解吻合,大变形情况下与室内试验实测值接近。开展真空预压与电渗不同组合形式下的工况分析,结果表明:真空预压–电渗联合作用的固结效果优于单一工法;不同真空预压与电渗组合形式下,土体最终平均沉降量接近,电渗滞后工况对降低能耗效果最好;为进一步降低能耗,工程中应将真空预压–电渗组合工况的固结度控制在80%以内。
Based on the piecewise linear difference method,a new model of simulating the large strain consolidation of soft clay under the combination of electroomosis and vacuum preloading was developed. The model considers soil nonlinearity and was implemented using FORTRAN. The model was validated by the small strain analytical approach and large strain experiment. The modelling results agree with the analytical solutions and the experimental results. A parametric study was conducted to examine the effects of different combinations of vacuum preloading and electroosmosis. The results show that the combined method outperformed the single-process method. The final average settlements of the soil under varied combinations of vacuum preloading and electroosmosis are approximate. The process of applying the electric field after the surcharge preloading can reduce energy consumption. Further energy reduction can be obtained by confining the degree of consolidation within 80%.
Based on the piecewise linear difference method,a new model of simulating the large strain consolidation of soft clay under the combination of electroomosis and vacuum preloading was developed. The model considers soil nonlinearity and was implemented using FORTRAN. The model was validated by the small strain analytical approach and large strain experiment. The modelling results agree with the analytical solutions and the experimental results. A parametric study was conducted to examine the effects of different combinations of vacuum preloading and electroosmosis. The results show that the combined method outperformed the single-process method. The final average settlements of the soil under varied combinations of vacuum preloading and electroosmosis are approximate. The process of applying the electric field after the surcharge preloading can reduce energy consumption. Further energy reduction can be obtained by confining the degree of consolidation within 80%.
引文
[1]高志义，张美燕，张健.真空预压联合电渗法室内模型试验研究[J].中国港湾建设，2000,(5):58–61.(GAO Zhiyi,ZHANG Meiyan,ZHANG Jian. Laboratory model test of vacuum preloading in combination with electro-osmotic consolidation[J]. China Harbour Engineering,2000,(5):58–61.(in Chinese))
[2] PENG J,XIONG X,MAHFOUZ A H,et al. Vacuum preloading combined electroosmotic strengthening of ultra-soft soil[J]. Journal of Central South University,2013,(11):3 282–3 295.
[3]李存谊.电渗联合真空预压现场试验研究和数值分析[硕士学位论文][D].杭州：浙江大学，2017.(LI Cunyi. Electro-osmosis combined with vacuum preloading:field test study and numerical analysis[M. S.Thesis][D]. Hangzhou:Zhejiang University,2017.(in Chinese))
[4]王柳江，刘斯宏，汪俊波，等.真空预压联合电渗法处理高含水率软土模型试验[J].河海大学学报，2011,39(6):671–675.(WANG Liujiang, LIU Sihong, WANG Junbo, et al. Model test for high-water-content soft soil treatment under vacuum preloading in combination with electroosmosis[J]. Journal of Hohai University,2011,39(6):671–675.(in Chinese))
[5]王军，王逸杰，刘飞禹，等.间歇式真空预压联合电渗加固吹填软土试验[J].中国公路学报，2016,29(10):37–45.(WANG Jun,WANG Yijie,LIU Feiyu,et al. Test of reinforcement by intermittent vacuum preloading electroosmosis in dredge soft clay[J]. China Journal of Highway and Transport,2016,29(10):37–45.(in Chinese))
[6] WANG J,MA J J,LIU F Y,et al. Experimental study on the improvement of marine clay slurry by electroosmosis-vacuum preloading[J]. Geotextiles and Geomembranes,2016,44(4):615–622.
[7] WANG J,FU H T,LIU F Y,et al. Influence of the electro-osmosis activation time on vacuum electro-osmosis consolidation of a dredged slurry[J]. Canadian Geotechnical Journal,2018,55(1):147–153.
[8]孙召花，余湘娟，高明军，等.真空–电渗联合加固技术的固结试验研究[J].岩土工程学报，2017,39(2):250–258.(SUN Zhaohua,YU Xiangjuan,GAO Mingjun,et al. Experimental studies on vacuum preloading incorporated with electro-osmosis consolidation for dredger fill[J]. Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2017,39(2):250–258.(in Chinese))
[9]徐伟，刘斯宏，王柳江，等．真空预压联合电渗法加固软基的固结方程[J].河海大学学报：自然科学版，2011,39(2):169–175.(XU Wei,LIU SiHong,WAN Liujiang,et al. Analytical theory of soft ground consolidation under vacuum preloading combined with electro-osmosis[J]. Journal of Hohai University:Natural Science,2011,39(2):169–175.(in Chinese))
[10]李剑，张仪萍，严露.真空–电渗联合作用下的软基固结计算研究[J].水运工程，2012,(3):133–138.(LI Jian,ZHANG Yiping,YAN Lu. Solutions for consolidation of soft ground under vacuum preloading combined with electro-osmosis[J]. Pore and Waterway Engineering,2012,(3):133–138.(in Chinese))
[11]吴辉，胡黎明.真空预压与电渗固结联合加固技术的理论模型[J].清华大学学报，2012,52(2):182–185.(WU Hui,HU Liming.Analytical models of the coupling of vacuum preloading and electro-osmosis consolidation for ground stabilization[J]. Journal of Tsinghua University,2012,52(2):182–185.(in Chinese))
[12] SHEN Y,QIU C C,LI Y D,et al. An analytical solution for two-dimensional vacuum preloading combined with electroosmosis consolidation using EKG electrodes[J]. Plos One,2017,12(8):e0180974.
[13] FELDKAMP J R,BELHOMME G M. Large-strain electrokinetic consolidation:Theory and experiment in one dimension[J]. Geotechnique,1990,40(4):557–568.
[14] YUAN J,HICKS M A. Large deformation elastic electroosmosis consolidation of clays[J]. Computers and Geotechnics,2013,54:60–68.
[15]王柳江，刘斯宏，王子健，等.堆载–电渗联合作用下的一维非线性大变形固结理论[J].工程力学，2013,35(4):91–98.(WANG Liujiang,LIU Sihong,WANG Zijian,et al. A consolidation theory for one-dimensional large deformation problems under combined action of load and electroosmosis[J]. Engineering Mechanics,2013,35(4):91–98.(in Chinese))
[16] FOX P J,DI NICOLA M,QUIGLEY D W. Piecewise-linear model for large strain radial consolidation[J]. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering,2003,129(10):940–950.
[17] DENG A,ZHOU Y D. Modeling electroosmosis and surcharge preloading consolidation. I:model formulation[J]. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering,2016,142(4):04015093.
[18]周亚东，王保田，邓安.分段线性电渗–堆载耦合固结模型[J].岩土工程学报，2013,35(12):2 311–2 316.(ZHOU Yadong,WANG Baotian,DENG An. A piecewise-linear model for electro-osmosis and surcharge preloading combined consolidation[J]. Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Journal,2013,35(12):2 311–2 316.(in Chinese))
[19] HARR M. E. Groundwater and seepage[M]. New York:Mc GrawHill,1962:26–35.
[2] PENG J,XIONG X,MAHFOUZ A H,et al. Vacuum preloading combined electroosmotic strengthening of ultra-soft soil[J]. Journal of Central South University,2013,(11):3 282–3 295.
[3]李存谊.电渗联合真空预压现场试验研究和数值分析[硕士学位论文][D].杭州：浙江大学，2017.(LI Cunyi. Electro-osmosis combined with vacuum preloading:field test study and numerical analysis[M. S.Thesis][D]. Hangzhou:Zhejiang University,2017.(in Chinese))
[4]王柳江，刘斯宏，汪俊波，等.真空预压联合电渗法处理高含水率软土模型试验[J].河海大学学报，2011,39(6):671–675.(WANG Liujiang, LIU Sihong, WANG Junbo, et al. Model test for high-water-content soft soil treatment under vacuum preloading in combination with electroosmosis[J]. Journal of Hohai University,2011,39(6):671–675.(in Chinese))
[5]王军，王逸杰，刘飞禹，等.间歇式真空预压联合电渗加固吹填软土试验[J].中国公路学报，2016,29(10):37–45.(WANG Jun,WANG Yijie,LIU Feiyu,et al. Test of reinforcement by intermittent vacuum preloading electroosmosis in dredge soft clay[J]. China Journal of Highway and Transport,2016,29(10):37–45.(in Chinese))
[6] WANG J,MA J J,LIU F Y,et al. Experimental study on the improvement of marine clay slurry by electroosmosis-vacuum preloading[J]. Geotextiles and Geomembranes,2016,44(4):615–622.
[7] WANG J,FU H T,LIU F Y,et al. Influence of the electro-osmosis activation time on vacuum electro-osmosis consolidation of a dredged slurry[J]. Canadian Geotechnical Journal,2018,55(1):147–153.
[8]孙召花，余湘娟，高明军，等.真空–电渗联合加固技术的固结试验研究[J].岩土工程学报，2017,39(2):250–258.(SUN Zhaohua,YU Xiangjuan,GAO Mingjun,et al. Experimental studies on vacuum preloading incorporated with electro-osmosis consolidation for dredger fill[J]. Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2017,39(2):250–258.(in Chinese))
[9]徐伟，刘斯宏，王柳江，等．真空预压联合电渗法加固软基的固结方程[J].河海大学学报：自然科学版，2011,39(2):169–175.(XU Wei,LIU SiHong,WAN Liujiang,et al. Analytical theory of soft ground consolidation under vacuum preloading combined with electro-osmosis[J]. Journal of Hohai University:Natural Science,2011,39(2):169–175.(in Chinese))
[10]李剑，张仪萍，严露.真空–电渗联合作用下的软基固结计算研究[J].水运工程，2012,(3):133–138.(LI Jian,ZHANG Yiping,YAN Lu. Solutions for consolidation of soft ground under vacuum preloading combined with electro-osmosis[J]. Pore and Waterway Engineering,2012,(3):133–138.(in Chinese))
[11]吴辉，胡黎明.真空预压与电渗固结联合加固技术的理论模型[J].清华大学学报，2012,52(2):182–185.(WU Hui,HU Liming.Analytical models of the coupling of vacuum preloading and electro-osmosis consolidation for ground stabilization[J]. Journal of Tsinghua University,2012,52(2):182–185.(in Chinese))
[12] SHEN Y,QIU C C,LI Y D,et al. An analytical solution for two-dimensional vacuum preloading combined with electroosmosis consolidation using EKG electrodes[J]. Plos One,2017,12(8):e0180974.
[13] FELDKAMP J R,BELHOMME G M. Large-strain electrokinetic consolidation:Theory and experiment in one dimension[J]. Geotechnique,1990,40(4):557–568.
[14] YUAN J,HICKS M A. Large deformation elastic electroosmosis consolidation of clays[J]. Computers and Geotechnics,2013,54:60–68.
[15]王柳江，刘斯宏，王子健，等.堆载–电渗联合作用下的一维非线性大变形固结理论[J].工程力学，2013,35(4):91–98.(WANG Liujiang,LIU Sihong,WANG Zijian,et al. A consolidation theory for one-dimensional large deformation problems under combined action of load and electroosmosis[J]. Engineering Mechanics,2013,35(4):91–98.(in Chinese))
[16] FOX P J,DI NICOLA M,QUIGLEY D W. Piecewise-linear model for large strain radial consolidation[J]. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering,2003,129(10):940–950.
[17] DENG A,ZHOU Y D. Modeling electroosmosis and surcharge preloading consolidation. I:model formulation[J]. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering,2016,142(4):04015093.
[18]周亚东，王保田，邓安.分段线性电渗–堆载耦合固结模型[J].岩土工程学报，2013,35(12):2 311–2 316.(ZHOU Yadong,WANG Baotian,DENG An. A piecewise-linear model for electro-osmosis and surcharge preloading combined consolidation[J]. Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Journal,2013,35(12):2 311–2 316.(in Chinese))
[19] HARR M. E. Groundwater and seepage[M]. New York:Mc GrawHill,1962:26–35.