谷子苗期耐低磷种质筛选及其根系保护酶系统对低磷胁迫的响应
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摘要
本研究旨在探讨不同基因型谷子苗期耐低磷特性,建立其筛选的评价体系,筛选出苗期耐低磷谷子种质材料。对160份核心谷子种质资源的苗期株高、根长、地上鲜重、地下鲜重、叶长、叶宽、茎粗、地上磷含量、地下磷含量、地上干重和地下干重11个指标的耐低磷系数进行变异分析、相关性分析、主成分分析和聚类分析,采用隶属函数法综合评价不同谷子耐低磷相关指标和耐低磷特性;针对筛选出的低磷敏感和耐低磷品种,在生理水平上分析其根系超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)的活性。结果表明, 9份材料属于低磷敏感品种, 66份材料属于低磷较敏感品种, 70份材料属于较耐低磷品种, 15份材料属于耐低磷品种;低磷胁迫促使谷子根系SOD、POD、CAT活性增加。总之,以综合指标对谷子耐低磷特性的鉴定更为客观;根系保护酶系统对谷子在低磷胁迫下的适应性具有重要作用。
The purpose of this paper was to explore the characteristics of low-phosphate tolerance in different genotypes of foxtail millet and establish an evaluation system for screening and breeding new cultivars with low-phosphate tolerance.Correlation analysis,principal component analysis,membership function and cluster analysis were carried out on 11 indicators of 160 core foxtail millet varieties,including plant heights,root lengths,fresh weights of aerial part and underground part,leaf lengths and widths,stem thicknesses,phosphorus contents of aerial part and underground part,dry weights of aerial part and underground part,to comprehensively evaluate indicators and characters related to low-phosphorous tolerance.Furthermore,a hydroponic experiment was conducted to cultivate selected varieties with low-phosphorus sensitivity and low-phosphorus tolerance under low phosphorus(LP) and normal phosphorus(NP) conditions,and superoxide dismutase(SOD) activity,peroxidase(POD) activity,and catalase(CAT) activity in roots were analyzed.There were nine varieties with low-phosphorus sensitivity,66 and 70 varieties with medium low-phosphate tolerance and 15 varieties with low-phosphorus tolerance.The activities of SOD,POD,and CAT were increased under low phosphorus condition.It was concluded that the comprehensive index is more objective to evaluate the low-phosphorus tolerance of 160 foxtail millet variation at the seedling stage,and the root protective enzymes are important for the adaptability of foxtail millet to low-phosphorus stress.
The purpose of this paper was to explore the characteristics of low-phosphate tolerance in different genotypes of foxtail millet and establish an evaluation system for screening and breeding new cultivars with low-phosphate tolerance.Correlation analysis,principal component analysis,membership function and cluster analysis were carried out on 11 indicators of 160 core foxtail millet varieties,including plant heights,root lengths,fresh weights of aerial part and underground part,leaf lengths and widths,stem thicknesses,phosphorus contents of aerial part and underground part,dry weights of aerial part and underground part,to comprehensively evaluate indicators and characters related to low-phosphorous tolerance.Furthermore,a hydroponic experiment was conducted to cultivate selected varieties with low-phosphorus sensitivity and low-phosphorus tolerance under low phosphorus(LP) and normal phosphorus(NP) conditions,and superoxide dismutase(SOD) activity,peroxidase(POD) activity,and catalase(CAT) activity in roots were analyzed.There were nine varieties with low-phosphorus sensitivity,66 and 70 varieties with medium low-phosphate tolerance and 15 varieties with low-phosphorus tolerance.The activities of SOD,POD,and CAT were increased under low phosphorus condition.It was concluded that the comprehensive index is more objective to evaluate the low-phosphorus tolerance of 160 foxtail millet variation at the seedling stage,and the root protective enzymes are important for the adaptability of foxtail millet to low-phosphorus stress.
引文
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[12]邱双,闫双堆,刘利军.不同谷子品种耐低磷能力研究.作物杂志,2017,(2):139-144.Qiu S,Yan S D,Liu L J.Study on the tolerance to low-phosphorus of different millet cultivars.Crops,2017,(2):139-144(in Chinese with English abstract).
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[16]Ceasar S A,Hodge A,Baker A,Baldwin S A.Phosphate concentration and arbuscular mycorrhizal colonization influence the growth,yield and expression of twelve PHT1 family phosphate transporters in foxtail millet(Setaria italica L.).PLoS One,2014,9:e108459.
[17]张玉霞,李志刚,张玉玲,钟鹏.缺磷胁迫对大豆膜脂过氧化及保护酶活性的影响.中国农学通报,2004,20(4):196-197.Zhang Y X,Li Z G,Zhang Y L,Zhong P.Effects of phosphorus deficiency stress on membrane lipid peroxidation and activities of protective enzymes in soybean.Chin Agric Sci Bull,2004,20(4):196-197(in Chinese with English abstract).
[18]Zhang G P,Fukami M,Sekimoto H.Influence of cadmium on mineral concentrations and yield components in wheat genotypes differing in Cd tolerance at seedling stage.Field Crops Res,2002,77:93-98.
[19]王晓英,王小林,张源,李鹏,李文胜.磷含量测定研究进展.燃料与染色,2017,(2):51-56.Wang X Y,Wang X L,Zhang Y,Li P,Li W S.Progress in the determination of phosphorus content.Dyestuffs Coloration,2017,(2):51-56(in Chinese).
[20]王学奎.植物生理生化实验原理和技术.北京:高等教育出版社,2006.pp 172-173.Wang X K.Principles and Techniques of Plant Physiological and Biochemical Experiments.Beijing:Higher Education Press,2006.pp 172-173(in Chinese).
[21]戴海芳,武辉,阿曼古丽·买买提阿力,王立红,麦麦提·阿皮孜,张巨松.不同基因型棉花苗期耐盐性分析及其鉴定指标筛选.中国农业科学,2014,47:1290-1300.Dai H F,Wu H,Amanguli M,Wang L H,Maimaiti A,Zhang J S.Analysis of salt tolerance and determination of salt-tolerant evaluation indicators in cotton seedlings of different genotypes.Sci Agric Sin,2014,47:1290-1300(in Chinese with English abstract).
[22]栗振义,张绮芯,仝宗永,李跃,徐洪雨,万修福,毕舒贻,曹婧,何峰,万里强,李向林.不同紫花苜蓿品种对低磷环境的形态与生理响应分析.中国农业科学,2017,50:3898-3907.Li Z Y,Zhang Q X,Tong Z Y,Li Y,Xu H Y,Wan X F,Bi S Y,Cao J,He F,Wan L Q,Li X L.Analysis of morphological and physiological responses to low-phosphorus stress in different alfalfas.Sci Agric Sin,2017,50:3898-3907(in Chinese with English abstract).
[23]王琪,徐程扬.氮磷对植物光合作用及碳分配的影响.山东林业科技,2005,(5):59-62.Wang Q,Xu C Y.Affects of nitrogen and phosphorus on plant leaf photosynthesis and carbon partitioning.J Shandong For Sci Technol,2005,(5):59-62(in Chinese with English abstract).
[24]Liao M,Irp F,Palta J A.Early vigorous growth is a major factor influencing nitrogen uptake in wheat.Funct Plant Biol,2004,31:121-129.
[25]王英,李喜焕,张彩英.河北大豆地方品种耐低磷种质筛选.大豆科学,2008,28:588-594.Wang Y,Li X H,Zhang C Y.Screening of low-phosphorus tolerant soybean landraces from Hebei growing areas.Soybean Sci,2008,28:588-594(in Chinese with English abstract).
[26]Upadhyaya H D.Variability for drought resistance related traits in the mini core collection of peanut.Crop Sci,2005,45:1432-1440.
[27]高方远,陆贤军,康海岐,孙淑霞,刘光春,任光俊.水稻耐低磷种质的苗期筛选与鉴定.作物学报,2006,32:1151-1155.Gao F Y,Lu X J,Kang H Q,Sun S X,Liu G C,Ren G J.Screening and identification for rice(Oryza sativa L)tolerance to phosphorus deficiency at seedling stage.Acta Agron Sin,2006,32:1151-1155(in Chinese with English abstract).
[28]宋云鹏.外源硅对NO3胁迫下黄瓜幼苗生长及生理生化特性的影响.山东农业大学硕士学位论文,山东泰安,2011.Song Y P.Effects of Exogenous Silicon on Growth and Physiological and Biochemical Characteristics of Cucumber Seedlings under NO3-stress.MS Thesis of Shandong Agricultural University,Tai’an,Shandong,China,2011(in Chinese with English abstract).
[29]万美亮,邝炎华,陈建勋.缺磷胁迫对甘蔗膜脂过氧化及保护酶系统活性的影响.华南农业大学学报,1999,20(2):1-6.Wan M L,Kuang Y H,Chen J X.Studies on membrane lipid peroxidation and protective enzyme activity of sugercanes under phosphorus deficiency.J South China Agric Univ,1999,20(2):1-6(in Chinese).
[30]李俊,张春雷,秦岭,马霓,李锋.不同磷效率基因型油菜对低磷胁迫的生理响应.中国油料作物学报,2010,32:222-228.Li J,Zhang C L,Qin L,Ma N,Li F.Physiological response to low-phosphorus stress for different phosphorus efficiency genotype of rapeseed.Chin J Oil Crop Sci,2010,32:222-228(in Chinese with English abstract).
[31]于姣妲,李莹,殷丹阳,周垂帆,马祥庆.杉木对低磷胁迫的响应和生理适应机制.林业科学研究,2017,30:566-575.Yu J D,Li Y,Yin D Y,Zhou C F,Ma X Q.Response and physiological mechanism of Chinese fir to low-phosphorus stress.For Res,2017,30:566-575(in Chinese with English abstract).
[32]冯二静.甜糯玉米耐低磷品种筛选及其生理机制研究.广东海洋大学硕士学位论文,广东湛江,2014.Feng E J.Screening and Physiological Mechanisms of Sweet Waxy Maize Varieties with Resistant Low-phosphorus.MSThesis of Guangdong Ocean University,Zhanjiang,Guangdong,China,2014(in Chinese with English abstract).
[2]丁广大,陈水森,石磊,蔡红梅,叶祥盛.植物耐低磷胁迫的遗传调控机理研究进展.植物营养与肥料学报,2013,19:733-744.Ding G D,Chen S S,Shi L,Cai H M,Ye X S.Research advances in genetic regulation mechanism of plant tolerance to low-phosphorus stress.J Plant Nutr Fert,2013,19:733-744(in Chinese with English abstract).
[3]Cordell D,Drangert J O,White S.The story of phosphorus:Global food security and food for thought.Global Environ Change,2009,19:292-305.
[4]Dawson C J,Hilton J.Fertilizer availability in a resource limited world:Production and recycling of nitrogen and phosphorus.Food Policy,2011,36:S14-S22.
[5]Lynch J P.Roots of the second green revolution.Aust J Bot,2007,55:493-512.
[6]郭再华,贺立源,徐才国.磷水平对不同耐低磷水稻苗根系生长及氮、磷、钾吸收的影响.应用与环境生物学报,2006,12:449-452.Guo Z H,He L Y,Xu C G.Effect of phosphorus level on root growth and N,P and K uptake of rice with different Pi efficiencies at seedling stage.Chin J Appl Environ Biol,2006,12:449-452(in Chinese with English abstract).
[7]湛静,陈发波.玉米低磷胁迫研究现状.现代农业科技,2014,(4):14-15.Zhan J,Chen F B.Research situation of low-phosphorus stress in Zea mays.Mod Agric Sci Technol,2014,(4):14-15(in Chinese with English abstract).
[8]刘渊,李喜焕,王英,张彩英.大豆耐低磷指标筛选与耐低磷品种鉴定.中国农业科技导报,2015,17(4):30-41.Li Y,Li X H,Wang Y,Zhang C Y.Screen indexes for soybean tolerance to phosphorus deficiency and identification of low-phosphorus tolerant soybean cultivars.J Agric Sci Technol,2015,17(4):30-41(in Chinese with English abstract).
[9]刁现民.中国谷子产业与产业技术体系.北京:中国农业科学技术出版社,2011.pp 20-30.Diao X M.Chinese Industry and Technical System of Foxtail millet.Beijing:China Agricultural Sciences and Technology Press,2011.pp 20-30(in Chinese).
[10]李顺国,刘斐,刘猛,赵宇,王慧军.我国谷子产业现状、发展趋势及对策建议.农业现代化研究,2014,35:531-535.Li S G,Liu F,Liu M,Zhao Y,Wang H J.The current industry situation,development trend and suggestions for the future of foxtail millet in China.Res Agric Modern,2014,35:531-535(in Chinese with English abstract).
[11]张雪峰.中国谷子产业发展问题研究.东北农业大学博士学位论文,黑龙江哈尔滨,2013.Zhang X F.Study on the Issues of Millet Industry Development in China.PhD Dissertation of Northeast Agricultural University.Harbin,Heilongjiang,China,2013(in Chinese with English abstract).
[12]邱双,闫双堆,刘利军.不同谷子品种耐低磷能力研究.作物杂志,2017,(2):139-144.Qiu S,Yan S D,Liu L J.Study on the tolerance to low-phosphorus of different millet cultivars.Crops,2017,(2):139-144(in Chinese with English abstract).
[13]Zaheer A,Maqsood A G,Riazh Q.Genotypic variations of phosphor2 us utilization efficiency of crops.J Soil Sci Plant Nutr,2001,24:1149-1171.
[14]Vance C P,Uhde-stone C,Allan D L.Phosphorus acquisition and use:critical adaptations by plants for securing a nonrenewable resource.New Phytol,2003,157:23-447.
[15]杨艳君,郭平毅,曹玉凤,王宏富,王玉国,原向阳,邢国芳,邵东红,祁祥,解丽丽,聂萌恩,郭俊,宁娜.施肥水平和种植密度对张杂谷5号产量及其构成要素的影响.作物学报,2012,38:2278-2285.Yang Y J,Guo P Y,Cao Y F,Wang H F,Wang Y G,Yuan X Y,Xing G F,Shao D H,Qi X,Xie L L,Nie M E,Guo J,Ning N.Effects of fertilization and planting density on yield and its components in foxtail millet hybrid Zhangzagu 5.Acta Agron Sin,2012,38:2278-2285(in Chinese with English abstract).
[16]Ceasar S A,Hodge A,Baker A,Baldwin S A.Phosphate concentration and arbuscular mycorrhizal colonization influence the growth,yield and expression of twelve PHT1 family phosphate transporters in foxtail millet(Setaria italica L.).PLoS One,2014,9:e108459.
[17]张玉霞,李志刚,张玉玲,钟鹏.缺磷胁迫对大豆膜脂过氧化及保护酶活性的影响.中国农学通报,2004,20(4):196-197.Zhang Y X,Li Z G,Zhang Y L,Zhong P.Effects of phosphorus deficiency stress on membrane lipid peroxidation and activities of protective enzymes in soybean.Chin Agric Sci Bull,2004,20(4):196-197(in Chinese with English abstract).
[18]Zhang G P,Fukami M,Sekimoto H.Influence of cadmium on mineral concentrations and yield components in wheat genotypes differing in Cd tolerance at seedling stage.Field Crops Res,2002,77:93-98.
[19]王晓英,王小林,张源,李鹏,李文胜.磷含量测定研究进展.燃料与染色,2017,(2):51-56.Wang X Y,Wang X L,Zhang Y,Li P,Li W S.Progress in the determination of phosphorus content.Dyestuffs Coloration,2017,(2):51-56(in Chinese).
[20]王学奎.植物生理生化实验原理和技术.北京:高等教育出版社,2006.pp 172-173.Wang X K.Principles and Techniques of Plant Physiological and Biochemical Experiments.Beijing:Higher Education Press,2006.pp 172-173(in Chinese).
[21]戴海芳,武辉,阿曼古丽·买买提阿力,王立红,麦麦提·阿皮孜,张巨松.不同基因型棉花苗期耐盐性分析及其鉴定指标筛选.中国农业科学,2014,47:1290-1300.Dai H F,Wu H,Amanguli M,Wang L H,Maimaiti A,Zhang J S.Analysis of salt tolerance and determination of salt-tolerant evaluation indicators in cotton seedlings of different genotypes.Sci Agric Sin,2014,47:1290-1300(in Chinese with English abstract).
[22]栗振义,张绮芯,仝宗永,李跃,徐洪雨,万修福,毕舒贻,曹婧,何峰,万里强,李向林.不同紫花苜蓿品种对低磷环境的形态与生理响应分析.中国农业科学,2017,50:3898-3907.Li Z Y,Zhang Q X,Tong Z Y,Li Y,Xu H Y,Wan X F,Bi S Y,Cao J,He F,Wan L Q,Li X L.Analysis of morphological and physiological responses to low-phosphorus stress in different alfalfas.Sci Agric Sin,2017,50:3898-3907(in Chinese with English abstract).
[23]王琪,徐程扬.氮磷对植物光合作用及碳分配的影响.山东林业科技,2005,(5):59-62.Wang Q,Xu C Y.Affects of nitrogen and phosphorus on plant leaf photosynthesis and carbon partitioning.J Shandong For Sci Technol,2005,(5):59-62(in Chinese with English abstract).
[24]Liao M,Irp F,Palta J A.Early vigorous growth is a major factor influencing nitrogen uptake in wheat.Funct Plant Biol,2004,31:121-129.
[25]王英,李喜焕,张彩英.河北大豆地方品种耐低磷种质筛选.大豆科学,2008,28:588-594.Wang Y,Li X H,Zhang C Y.Screening of low-phosphorus tolerant soybean landraces from Hebei growing areas.Soybean Sci,2008,28:588-594(in Chinese with English abstract).
[26]Upadhyaya H D.Variability for drought resistance related traits in the mini core collection of peanut.Crop Sci,2005,45:1432-1440.
[27]高方远,陆贤军,康海岐,孙淑霞,刘光春,任光俊.水稻耐低磷种质的苗期筛选与鉴定.作物学报,2006,32:1151-1155.Gao F Y,Lu X J,Kang H Q,Sun S X,Liu G C,Ren G J.Screening and identification for rice(Oryza sativa L)tolerance to phosphorus deficiency at seedling stage.Acta Agron Sin,2006,32:1151-1155(in Chinese with English abstract).
[28]宋云鹏.外源硅对NO3胁迫下黄瓜幼苗生长及生理生化特性的影响.山东农业大学硕士学位论文,山东泰安,2011.Song Y P.Effects of Exogenous Silicon on Growth and Physiological and Biochemical Characteristics of Cucumber Seedlings under NO3-stress.MS Thesis of Shandong Agricultural University,Tai’an,Shandong,China,2011(in Chinese with English abstract).
[29]万美亮,邝炎华,陈建勋.缺磷胁迫对甘蔗膜脂过氧化及保护酶系统活性的影响.华南农业大学学报,1999,20(2):1-6.Wan M L,Kuang Y H,Chen J X.Studies on membrane lipid peroxidation and protective enzyme activity of sugercanes under phosphorus deficiency.J South China Agric Univ,1999,20(2):1-6(in Chinese).
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[31]于姣妲,李莹,殷丹阳,周垂帆,马祥庆.杉木对低磷胁迫的响应和生理适应机制.林业科学研究,2017,30:566-575.Yu J D,Li Y,Yin D Y,Zhou C F,Ma X Q.Response and physiological mechanism of Chinese fir to low-phosphorus stress.For Res,2017,30:566-575(in Chinese with English abstract).
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