人工栽培中药材重金属镍含量的测定及分析
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摘要
目的:明确中药材生产过程中的重金属污染情况。方法:收集了当归等8种80份人工种植栽培的多年生中药材,采用湿法消解、石墨炉原子吸收法进行了重金属镍(Ni)含量的检测。结果:蒲公英、金银花、人参、丹参等4个品种的Ni含量较高,大于监测样本总体Ni平均含量;当归、甘草、枸杞子、干姜等4个品种的镍含量低于监测样本总体Ni平均含量;当归、蒲公英、金银花、甘草、人参、丹参、干姜等7种品种的镍含量较高,超限率大于50%,仅有枸杞子超限率小于50%。结论:中药材Ni含量的大小与生产种植年限密切相关,多年生草本宿根中药材(如金银花、人参、蒲公英、丹参)随着种植年限的延长,中药材药用部分的Ni含量也最高,大于总体平均值1.8 mg;多年生草本植物(如甘草、枸杞子、当归、干姜)种植后当年收获药用部分,种植时间短,中药材药用部分Ni含量降低,低于监测样本平均值1.8 mg。
Objective:To clarify the situation of heavy metal pollution in the production of traditional Chinese medicines.Methods:Eight kinds of 80 perennial traditional Chinese mediciness such as Radix Angelicae Sinensis were collected. The content of heavy metal nickel was determined by wet digestion and graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry. Results:The nickel content of four varieties such as Herba Taraxaci,Flos Lonicerae,Radix Ginseng and Radix salvia miltiorrhizae were higher than the average Ni content of the monitored samples. The nickel content of four varieties such as Radix Angelicae Sinensis,Radix Glycyrrhizae,Fructus Lycii and dried ginger was lower than the over all Ni average of the monitored samples.The nickel content of four varieties such as Angelicae Sinensis,Herba Taraxaci,Flos Lonicerae,Radix Glycyrrhizae,Radix Ginseng,Radix salvia miltiorrhizae and dried ginger was higher,the over-limit rate was greater than 50%,only the Fructus Lycii over-limit rate was less than 50%. Conclusion:The Ni content of traditional Chinese medicines was closely related to the production planting years. The perennial herbaceous roots of traditional Chinese medicines(such as Flos Lonicerae,Radix Ginseng,Herba Taraxaci,Radix salvia miltiorrhizae)increased with the extension of planting years,had the highest Ni content in the medicinal part of traditional Chinese medicines,which was lower than the average value of the monitoring sample of 1.8 mg. The medicinal parts of perennial herb(such as Radix Glycyrrhizae,FructusLycii,Angelicae Sinensis,dried ginger)were harvested in the same year of plantation. The planting time was short,and the Ni content of the medicinal part of traditional Chinese medicines reduced,which is lower than the average value of the monitoring sample of 1.8 mg.
Objective:To clarify the situation of heavy metal pollution in the production of traditional Chinese medicines.Methods:Eight kinds of 80 perennial traditional Chinese mediciness such as Radix Angelicae Sinensis were collected. The content of heavy metal nickel was determined by wet digestion and graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry. Results:The nickel content of four varieties such as Herba Taraxaci,Flos Lonicerae,Radix Ginseng and Radix salvia miltiorrhizae were higher than the average Ni content of the monitored samples. The nickel content of four varieties such as Radix Angelicae Sinensis,Radix Glycyrrhizae,Fructus Lycii and dried ginger was lower than the over all Ni average of the monitored samples.The nickel content of four varieties such as Angelicae Sinensis,Herba Taraxaci,Flos Lonicerae,Radix Glycyrrhizae,Radix Ginseng,Radix salvia miltiorrhizae and dried ginger was higher,the over-limit rate was greater than 50%,only the Fructus Lycii over-limit rate was less than 50%. Conclusion:The Ni content of traditional Chinese medicines was closely related to the production planting years. The perennial herbaceous roots of traditional Chinese medicines(such as Flos Lonicerae,Radix Ginseng,Herba Taraxaci,Radix salvia miltiorrhizae)increased with the extension of planting years,had the highest Ni content in the medicinal part of traditional Chinese medicines,which was lower than the average value of the monitoring sample of 1.8 mg. The medicinal parts of perennial herb(such as Radix Glycyrrhizae,FructusLycii,Angelicae Sinensis,dried ginger)were harvested in the same year of plantation. The planting time was short,and the Ni content of the medicinal part of traditional Chinese medicines reduced,which is lower than the average value of the monitoring sample of 1.8 mg.
引文
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[2]周长征，王青.中药农药农药残留问题的研究现状与展望[J].中药研究与信息，2000,2(2):21.
[3]中国药典委员会.中华人民共和国药典[S].北京：化学工业出版社，1999:65,248.
[4]陈晋红，刘大伟，汤毅珊，等.中药材中重金属和农药残留的研究进展[J].中药新药与临床药理，2009,20(2):187-190.
[5]洪兰，庄严.欧盟植物药的技术性贸易壁垒对中药出口的影响[J].中国药房，2008,19(15):1 211-1 213.
[6]赵连华，杨银慧，胡一晨，等.我国中药材中重金属污染现状分析及对策研究[J].中草药，2014,45(9):1 199-1 206.
[7]韩小丽，张小波，郭兰萍，等.中药材重金属污染现状的统计分析[J].中国中药杂志，2008,33(18):2 041-2 048.
[8]康立娟，孙凤春.镍与人体健康及毒理作用[J].世界元素医学，2006,13(3):39-42.
[9]金波.中药材中五种有毒有害重金属分析体系的建立及污染状况研究[D].北京：北京协和医学院药物研究所，2011:1-77.
[10]国家药典委员会.中华人民共和国药典（一部）[S].北京：中国医药科技出版社，2015.
[11]中华人民共和国卫生部.中国国家标准化管理委员会.人造奶油卫生标准GB15196-2003[S].北京：中国标准出版社，2004.
[12]中国质量新闻网.欧盟建议成员国对食品中镍进行监控[EB/OL].http：//m.cqn.com.cn/zj/content/2016-07/16/content_3159889.htm
[13]杨培.中药：在美国的地位和FDA政策[J].中国药科大学学报，2007,38(5):385-390.
[14]中华人民共和国国家卫生和计划生育委员会/国家食品药品监督管理总局.食品安全国家标准食品中镍的测定GB5009.138-2017[S].北京：中国标准出版社，2017.
[15]国家药典委员会.中华人民共和国药典（四部）[S].北京：中国医药科技出版社，2015.
[16]金波，马辰.茯苓，等10种药食同源药材中重金属镍含量测定及评价[J].中药新药与临床药理，2013,24(2):180-183.
[17]Sidenko N V,Khozhina E I,Sherriff B L.The cycling of Ni,Zn,Cu in thesystem“mine tailings-ground water-plants”:A case study[J].Applied Geochemistry,2007,22:30-52.