西方郊区化的人文理念特征与影响及对乡村振兴战略背景下中国郊区建设的启示
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摘要
本文分析了西方郊区化建设的理念、优缺点及对于我国当前乡村振兴战略背景下郊区建设的借鉴意义;指出应学习西方在郊区建设规划上对人文主义的重视,从文化认同、群体结构和综合服务等方面入手,避免出现西方正经历的"郊区功能从属城镇化""功能单一同质化"等负面现象。我国的郊区建设应该放眼于乡村振兴的大背景下,切实认清农耕文化和宗亲制度逐渐衰落这一现实,以西方郊区化的发展理念和表现作为借鉴,探寻建设具有多样化,弱化阶层分化和具备自我独立性特征的乡村郊区社区;同时,以平等互助式理念推进郊区建设,强调多群体参与和以个人为基本单位的群体性建设,以及养老服务业为主的综合性生产生活体系。
This paper analyzes the concept, advantages and disadvantages of western suburbanization construction and the reference to the suburban construction under the current rural revitalization strategy in China,moreover, point out that the construction and planning of the suburbs should pay more attention to humanism,cultural identity, group structure and integrated services, avoid the negative phenomena such as " subordinate urbanization of suburban functions " and " single function homogenization " that the Western society is experiencing.Chinese suburban construction should focus on the background of rural revitalization, and effectively recognize the reality that the farming culture and the clan system are gradually declining, using the development concept and performance of western suburbanization as a reference, explore rural suburban communities with diversified, weakly differentiated and self-independent characteristics. Meanwhile, promote the construction of suburbs with the concept of equality and mutual assistance, emphasizing the multi-group participation and group construction with individuals as the basic unit, and the comprehensive production and living system based on the old-age service industry.
This paper analyzes the concept, advantages and disadvantages of western suburbanization construction and the reference to the suburban construction under the current rural revitalization strategy in China,moreover, point out that the construction and planning of the suburbs should pay more attention to humanism,cultural identity, group structure and integrated services, avoid the negative phenomena such as " subordinate urbanization of suburban functions " and " single function homogenization " that the Western society is experiencing.Chinese suburban construction should focus on the background of rural revitalization, and effectively recognize the reality that the farming culture and the clan system are gradually declining, using the development concept and performance of western suburbanization as a reference, explore rural suburban communities with diversified, weakly differentiated and self-independent characteristics. Meanwhile, promote the construction of suburbs with the concept of equality and mutual assistance, emphasizing the multi-group participation and group construction with individuals as the basic unit, and the comprehensive production and living system based on the old-age service industry.
引文
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[2]PHILIP BESS.Civic Art and the City of God:traditional urban design and Christian evangelism[J].Journal of Markets&Morality,2003,6(1):33.
[3]Ian W Lucas.Port Sunlight Village Conservation&Management Plan[J].Byrom Clark Roberts Conservation Architects,2007(11):12-14.
[4]Ebenezer Howard.Garden Cities of To-Morrow(London,1902.Reprinted,edited with a Preface by F.J.Osborn and an Introductory Essay by Lewis Mumford)[M].London:Faber and Faber,1946:50-57,138-147.
[5]Garden city Association.programme of garden city association conference at Birmingham&Bournevile[M].London:Garden city association conference,1901:50-57,6-7.
[6]马克斯·韦伯.新教伦理与资本主义精神[M].北京:作家出版社,2017:264-265.
[7]Greenblatt,Alan.Suburban[J].Governing,2017,31(3):44-49.
[8]Kneebone,Elizabeth,Berube,et al.Confronting Suburban Poverty in America[M].Washington,D.C.:Brookings Institution Press,2013:50-57,111-113.
[9]Sydney Local Environmental Plan 2012[EB/OL].(2019-01-18)[2019-03-08].https://www.legislation.nsw.gov.au/#/view/EPI/2012/628/maps#HOB.
[10]Clark,S.D.The Suburban Society[M].Washington,D.C.:Brookings Institution Press,2013:36-40.
[11]黄仁宇.万历十五年[M].北京:生活·读书·新知三联书店,2015:8.
[12]Swenson,Astrid."Historic preservation,the state and nationalism in Britain"[J].Nations and nationalism,2018,24(1):43.
[13]Australia ICOMOS.The Burra Charter:the Australia ICOMOS charter for places of cultural significance 1999:with associated guidelines and code on the ethics of co-existence[M].Sydney.Australia ICOMOS.Burwood,Vic.:Australia ICOMOS,2000.
[14]陈卫.国际视野下的中国人口老龄化[J].北京大学学报(哲学社会科学版),2016,53(6):82-92.