三峡水库出入库水质评价及其与社会经济耦合关系研究
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摘要
【目的】研究长江流经三峡水库前后的水质变化情况以及该变化与社会经济之间的关系。【方法】利用2006—2016年三峡库区统计数据及三峡水库出入库水质监测数据,使用综合指数法、空间变化幅度、多项式拟合等方法,分析出入库断面水质情况及两断面间水质变化情况,并进一步探究水质变化与社会经济发展的关系。【结果】研究表明:宜昌断面主要污染因子为氨氮和高锰酸盐指数,朱沱断面主要污染因子为氨氮,宜昌断面水质好于朱沱断面,主要是氨氮污染的好转;两断面水质在枯水期变化幅度最大,其次是平水期,在丰水期变化幅度最小;时间上,水库水质随着库区社会经济的发展不断好转,在未来一定时间内会保持好转趋势;空间上,社会经济发展程度高的地区水质较差,反之较好。【结论】研究结果为库区内水环境管制提供了参考依据。
[Purposes]In order to understand the change of water quality after the Yangtze river flows through the Three Gorges Reservoir and the relationship between the change and social economy.[Methods]Based on the statistics of the Three Gorges reservoir area from 2006 to 2016 and the monitoring data of the water quality of the Three Gorges reservoir.Using comprehensive index method,spatial variation,polynomial fitting methods,such as loading and unloading section water quality analysis and water quality changes between the two section,and to further explore the water quality change and the relationship between social and economic development.[Findings]Results show that Yichang section main pollutants are ammonia nitrogen and potassium permanganate index,Zhutuo section main pollutants are ammonia nitrogen,Yichang section water quality is better than Zhutuo section,mainly of ammonia nitrogen pollution is better.The seasonal variation of water quality in both sections is the period of high water yield in the period of dry water.In time,the water quality of the reservoir has been improving with the development of the social economy in the reservoir area,and will keep improving in the future.In space,areas with high socio-economic development have poor water quality and vice versa.[Conclusions]The results provide a reference for water environment control in the reservoir area.
[Purposes]In order to understand the change of water quality after the Yangtze river flows through the Three Gorges Reservoir and the relationship between the change and social economy.[Methods]Based on the statistics of the Three Gorges reservoir area from 2006 to 2016 and the monitoring data of the water quality of the Three Gorges reservoir.Using comprehensive index method,spatial variation,polynomial fitting methods,such as loading and unloading section water quality analysis and water quality changes between the two section,and to further explore the water quality change and the relationship between social and economic development.[Findings]Results show that Yichang section main pollutants are ammonia nitrogen and potassium permanganate index,Zhutuo section main pollutants are ammonia nitrogen,Yichang section water quality is better than Zhutuo section,mainly of ammonia nitrogen pollution is better.The seasonal variation of water quality in both sections is the period of high water yield in the period of dry water.In time,the water quality of the reservoir has been improving with the development of the social economy in the reservoir area,and will keep improving in the future.In space,areas with high socio-economic development have poor water quality and vice versa.[Conclusions]The results provide a reference for water environment control in the reservoir area.
引文
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[23]XIA J,SHE D X,ZHANG Y Y,et al.Spatio-temporal trend and statistical distribution of extreme precipitation events in Huaihe river basin during 1960-2009[J].Journal of Geographical Sciences,2012,22(2):195-208.
[24]周兰萍,魏怀东,丁峰,等.1973-2010年石羊河流域耕地时空变化研究[J].干旱区研究,2015,32(3):483-491.ZHOU L P,WEI H D,DING F,et al.Spatial-temporal variation and dynamic evolution of the cultivated land in Shiyang river basin from 1973to 2010[J].Arid Zone Research,2015,32(3):483-491.
[25]赵南山,张雅琦.浅析三峡水库在枯水期航运流量补偿运用[J].华中电力,2009,22(1):51.ZHAO N S,ZHANG Y Q.Analysis of application in shipping flow compensation by the Three Gorges reservoir in the dry seasons[J].Central China Electric Power,2009,22(1):51.
[26]程曦.湖泊水质与经济发展关系研究—来自中国48个典型湖泊横截面数据的证据[J].党政干部学刊,2012(9):46-55.CHENG X.Research on the relationship between lake water quality and economic development-evidence from 48typical lake cross section data in China[J].Journal of party and government cadres,2012(9):46-55.
[27]HRYTSKU V S,HRYTSKUANDRIYESH I P.Effects of main pollution sources on parameters of water quality of the Prut river within the limits of Chernivtsi in the last seven years and consequent environmental impacts[J].Present Environment&Sustainable Development,2016,10(1):35-40.
[28]NOVOTNY V.Water quality:diffuse pollution and watershed management[M].New Jersey,USA:John Wiley&Sons Inc,2003.
[29]刘海猛,方创琳,黄解军,等.京津冀城市群大气污染的时空特征与影响因素解析[J].地理学报,2018,73(1):177-191.LIU H M,FANG C L,HUANG J J,et al.The spatialtemporal characteristics and influencing factors of air pollution in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei urban agglomeration[J].Acta Geographica Sinica,2018,73(1):177-191.
[30]DING X,ZHOU H,LEI X,et al.Hydrological and associated pollution load simulation and estimation for the Three Gorges reservoir of China[J].Stochastic Environmental Research&Risk Assessment,2013,27(3):617-628.
[31]DIAMANTINI E,LUTZ S R,MALLUCCI S,et al.Driver detection of water quality trends in three large European river basins[J].Science of the Total Environment,2018,612:49-62.
[2]程红光,杨志峰.城市水污染损失的经济计量模型[J].环境科学学报,2001,21(3):318-322.CHENG H,YANG Z.An econometric model for urban water pollution loss[J].Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,2001,21(3):318-322.
[3]BAHAR M M,OHMORI H,YAMAMURO M.Relationship between river water quality and land use in a small river basin running through the urbanizing area of central Japan[J].Limnology,2008,9(1):19-26.
[4]SHEN Y N,JUN L,CHEN D J,et al.Response of stream pollution characteristics to catchment land cover in Cao-E river basin,China[J].Pedosphere,2011,21(1):115-123.
[5]WANG X L,LU Y L,HAN J Y,et al.Identification of anthropogenic influences on water quality of rivers in Taihu watershed[J].Jounal of Environmental Sciences,2007,19(4):475-481.
[6]GUO W X,WANG H X,XU J X,et al.Ecological operation for Three Gorges reservoir[J].Water Science and Engineering,2011,4(2):143-156.
[7]FAN D X,HUANG Y L,SONG L X,et al.Prediction of chlorophyll a concentration using HJ-1satellite imagery for Xiangxi Bay in Three Gorges reservoir[J].Water Science and Engineering,2014,7(1):70-80.
[8]JIAN Z,GUO F,LEI K,et al.Multivariate analysis of surface water quality in the Three Gorges area of China and implications for water management[J].Jounal of Environmental Sciences,2011,23(9):1460-1471.
[9]卓海华,吴云丽,刘旻璇,等.三峡水库水质变化趋势研究[J].长江流域资源与环境,2017,26(6):925-936.ZHUO H H,WU Y L,LIU M X,et al.Trend study of water quality in the Three Gorges reservoir[J].Resources&Environment in the Yangtze Basin,2017,26(6):925-936.
[10]刘辉,叶丹,左涛,等.三峡水库水质演变趋势及保护对策[J].水资源保护,2010,26(4):17-19.LIU H,DAN Y E,ZUO T,et al.Trend of water quality in Three Gorges reservoir and protection measures[J].Water Resources Protection,2010,26(4):17-19.
[11]幸梅,张秀,何秀清.三峡水库156m水位蓄水前后长江干流水质的变化[J].重庆环境科学,2008(3):1-4.XING M,ZHANG X,HE X Q.Variation of water quality before and after Three Georges reservoir with 156m water level[J].Chongqing Environmental Science,2008(3):1-4.
[12]SLIVA L,WILLIAMS D D.Buffer zone versus whole catchment approaches to studying land use impact on river water quality[J].Water Research,2001,35(14):3462-3472.
[13]LOPEZ R D,NASH M S,HEGGEM D T,et al.Watershed vulnerability predictions for the Ozarks using landscape models[J].Journal of Environmental Quality,2008,37(5):1769-1780.
[14]FEDORKO E J,JR P R,ALDRICH S P,et al.Spatial distribution of land type in regression models of pollutant loading[J].Biological Bulletin,2004,5(20):173.
[15]CHANG H.Spatial analysis of water quality trends in the Han river basin,South Korea[J].Water Research,2008,42(13):3285-3304.
[16]印士勇,娄保锋,刘辉,等.三峡工程蓄水运用期库区干流水质分析[J].长江流域资源与环境,2011,20(3):305-310.YIN S Y,LOU B F,LIU H,et al.Analysis of water quality of the Yangtze river within the Three Gorges reservoir area during construction period[J].Resources&Environment in the Yangtze Basin,2011,20(3):305-310.
[17]吕平毓,米武娟.三峡水库蓄水前后重庆段整体水质变化分析[J].人民长江,2011,42(7):28-32.LP Y,MI W J.Analysis on general variation of water quality in Chongqing reach after impoundment of Three Gorges reservoir[J].Yangtze River,2011,42(7):28-32.
[18]张广纳,邵景安,王金亮.基于农业面源污染的三峡库区重庆段水质时空格局演变特征[J].自然资源学报,2015,30(11):1872-1884.ZHANG G N,SHAO J A,WANG J L.Spatial and temporal variations of water resource security level in the Three Gorges reservoir area of Chongqing based on agricultural non-point source pollutant[J].Journal of Natural Resources,2015,30(11):1872-1884.
[19]冯静,何太蓉,韦杰.三峡工程蓄水前后库区水质变化及对策分析[J].重庆师范大学学报(自然科学版),2011,28(2):23-27.FENG J,HE T R,WEI J.Analysis of water quality variation and countermeasures in Three Gorges project reservoir area before and after impoundment[J].Journal of Chongqing Normal University(Natural Science),2011,28(2):23-27.
[20]朱爱民,胡菊香,李嗣新,等.三峡水库长江干流及其支流枯水期浮游植物多样性与水质[J].湖泊科学,2013,25(3):378-385.ZHU A,HU J X,LI S X,et al.Phytoplankton diversity and water quality in the main stream and tributaries of Three Gorges reservoir region of Yangtze river during dry season[J].Journal of Lake Sciences,2013,25(3):378-385.
[21]尹真真,李琎.三峡水库蓄水前后长江干流主要污染物浓度变化趋势分析研究[J].环境科学与管理,2014(3):42-45.YIN Z,LI J.Variation tendencies of major pollutants concentration in mainstream of Changjiang river before and after in Three Gorges dam[J].Environmental Science&Management,2014(3):42-45.
[22]王小焕,邵景安,王金亮,等.三峡库区长江干流入出库水质评价及其变化趋势[J].环境科学学报,2017,37(2):554-565.WANG X,SHAO J,WANG J,et al.Water quality assessment and its changing trends in the reservoir inflow and outflow along the Yangtze river mainstream in the Three Gorge reservoir area[J].Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,2017,37(2):554-565.
[23]XIA J,SHE D X,ZHANG Y Y,et al.Spatio-temporal trend and statistical distribution of extreme precipitation events in Huaihe river basin during 1960-2009[J].Journal of Geographical Sciences,2012,22(2):195-208.
[24]周兰萍,魏怀东,丁峰,等.1973-2010年石羊河流域耕地时空变化研究[J].干旱区研究,2015,32(3):483-491.ZHOU L P,WEI H D,DING F,et al.Spatial-temporal variation and dynamic evolution of the cultivated land in Shiyang river basin from 1973to 2010[J].Arid Zone Research,2015,32(3):483-491.
[25]赵南山,张雅琦.浅析三峡水库在枯水期航运流量补偿运用[J].华中电力,2009,22(1):51.ZHAO N S,ZHANG Y Q.Analysis of application in shipping flow compensation by the Three Gorges reservoir in the dry seasons[J].Central China Electric Power,2009,22(1):51.
[26]程曦.湖泊水质与经济发展关系研究—来自中国48个典型湖泊横截面数据的证据[J].党政干部学刊,2012(9):46-55.CHENG X.Research on the relationship between lake water quality and economic development-evidence from 48typical lake cross section data in China[J].Journal of party and government cadres,2012(9):46-55.
[27]HRYTSKU V S,HRYTSKUANDRIYESH I P.Effects of main pollution sources on parameters of water quality of the Prut river within the limits of Chernivtsi in the last seven years and consequent environmental impacts[J].Present Environment&Sustainable Development,2016,10(1):35-40.
[28]NOVOTNY V.Water quality:diffuse pollution and watershed management[M].New Jersey,USA:John Wiley&Sons Inc,2003.
[29]刘海猛,方创琳,黄解军,等.京津冀城市群大气污染的时空特征与影响因素解析[J].地理学报,2018,73(1):177-191.LIU H M,FANG C L,HUANG J J,et al.The spatialtemporal characteristics and influencing factors of air pollution in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei urban agglomeration[J].Acta Geographica Sinica,2018,73(1):177-191.
[30]DING X,ZHOU H,LEI X,et al.Hydrological and associated pollution load simulation and estimation for the Three Gorges reservoir of China[J].Stochastic Environmental Research&Risk Assessment,2013,27(3):617-628.
[31]DIAMANTINI E,LUTZ S R,MALLUCCI S,et al.Driver detection of water quality trends in three large European river basins[J].Science of the Total Environment,2018,612:49-62.