重金属铅的土壤环境基准研究进展
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摘要
环境基准是环境标准制修订的科学依据,同时也是进行环境质量评价、环境风险控制和应急事故管理以及建立整个环境管理体系的科学基础,是国家环境保护和环境管理的基石与根本。从保护人体健康、保护生态安全和保护农产品安全3个方面综合分析了国内外重金属铅土壤环境基准的研究现状和主要技术要点,进一步展望了我国重金属铅土壤环境基准未来发展过程中面临的关键问题,以期为我国重金属铅土壤环境基准研究提出建议。
Environmental criteria are the scientific basis for the revision of environmental standards, quality assessment, risk control, emergency accident management and the whole management system. They are also the foundation for national environment protection and management. The research status and main technical points of environmental criteria on heavy metal lead in soil at home and abroad were comprehensively analyzed from three aspects, human health, ecological safety and agricultural products safety. Possible key issues in its future development in China are further prospected so as to provide reference for the study of relevant environmental criteria in China.
Environmental criteria are the scientific basis for the revision of environmental standards, quality assessment, risk control, emergency accident management and the whole management system. They are also the foundation for national environment protection and management. The research status and main technical points of environmental criteria on heavy metal lead in soil at home and abroad were comprehensively analyzed from three aspects, human health, ecological safety and agricultural products safety. Possible key issues in its future development in China are further prospected so as to provide reference for the study of relevant environmental criteria in China.
引文
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[4]DB11/T 811-2011，场地土壤环境风险评价筛选值[S].[DB11/T 811-2011,Screeing Levels for Soil Environmental Risk Assessment of Sites[S]．]
[5]DB33/T 892-2013，污染场地风险评估技术导则[S].[DB 33/T 892-2013,Guideline for Risk Assessment of Contaminated Sites[S]．]
[6]DB44/T 1415-2014，土壤重金属风险评价筛选值珠江三角洲[S].[DB 44/T 1415-2014,Risk Screening Values for Soil Heavy Metal The Pearl River Delta Area[S]．]
[7]DB50/T 723-2016，场地土壤环境风险评估筛选值[S].[DB50/T 723-2016,Soil Screening Levels for Environmental Risk Assessment of Sites[S]．]
[8]GB 36600-2018，土壤环境质量建设用地土壤污染风险管控标准(试行)[S].[GB 36600-2018,Soil Environmental Quality Risk Control Standard for Soil Contamination of Development Land[S]．]
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[13]REISS R,GAYLOR D.Use of Benchmark Dose and Meta-Analysis to Determine the Most Sensitive Endpoint for Risk Assessment for Dimethoate[J].Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology,2005,43(1):55-65．
[14]王桂芳，郭会越，邹建芳，等．铅的神经毒性及其生物标志物的研究进展[J]．工业卫生与职业病，2012,38(4):252-255．
[15]王舜钦，张金良．我国儿童血铅水平分析研究[J]．环境与健康杂志，2004,21(6):355-360.[WANG Shun-qin,ZHANG Jinliang.Blood Lead Levels of Children in China[J].Journal of Environment and Health,2004,21(6):355-360．]
[16]DEFRA and Environment Agency.Contaminants in Soil:Collation of Toxicological Data and Intake Values for Humans:Lead[R].Swindon,UK:The R&D Dissemination Centre,2002:9-10．
[17]杨珂玲，张宏志，张志刚，等．铅暴露的环境健康风险评估模型的本土化研究[J]．中国人口·资源与环境，2016,26(2):163-169.[YANG Ke-ling,ZHANG Hong-zhi,ZHANG Zhi-gang,et al.Localization Study of Environmental Health Risk Assessment Model for Lead Exposure[J].China Population,Resources and Environment,2016,26(2):163-169．]
[18]李梅，王齐，陈建伟，等．环境铅暴露健康风险评价三种PBPK模型的比较[J]．中国社会医学杂志，2013,30(1):60-62.[LIMei,WANG Qi,ZHOU Jian-wei,et al.Comparison of Three PBPKModels Used in Environmental Health Risk Assessment for Lead[J].Chinese Journal of Social Medicine,2013,30(1):60-62．]
[19]ZENG F,ALI S,ZHANG H T,et al.The Influence of p H and Organic Matter Content in Paddy Soil on Heavy Metal Availability and Their Uptake by Rice Plants[J].Environmental Pollution,2011,159(1):84-91．
[20]RMKENS P F A M,BRUS D J,GUO H Y,et al.Impact of Model Uncertainty on Soil Quality Standards for Cadmium in Rice Paddy Fields[J].Science of the Total Environment,2011,409(17):3098-3105．
[21]BRAND E,LIJZEN J,PEIJNENBURG W,et al.Possibilities of Implementation of Bioavailability Methods for Organic Contaminants in the Dutch Soil Quality Assessment Framework[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,2013,261(13):833-839．
[22]U.S.EPA.Guidance Manual for the Integrated Exposure Uptake Biokinetic Model for Lead in Children[EB/OL].Publication Number 9285.7-15-1.EPA/540/R-93/081[2018-10-18].https:∥ntrl.ntis.gov/NTRL/dashboard/searchResults/title Detail/PB93963510.xhtml．
[23]U.S.EPA.Estimation of Relative Bioavailability of Lead in Soil and Soil-Like Materials Using In Vivo and In Vitro Methods[EB/OL].OSWER 9285.7-77.[2018-10-18].https:∥nepis.epa.gov/Exe/Zy PURL.cgi?Dockey=P100FL1Q.txt．
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[25]杨彦，李晓芳，王琼，等．基于人体健康模型(IEUBK、ALM)的温岭地区土壤环境铅基准值研究[J]．环境科学学报，2014,34(7):1808-1817.[YANG Yan,LI Xiao-fang,WANG Qiong,et al.Lead Benchmarks for Soil Based on Human Health Model(IEUBKand ALM)in Wenling Region[J].Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,2014,34(7):1808-1817．]
[26]李灿，曾云，刘淑运，等．基于儿童和成人血铅模型的土壤环境铅基准值研究[J]．环境与健康杂志，2017,34(9):789-793.[LI Can,ZENG Yun,LIU Shu-yun,et al.Lead Benchmarks for Soils Based on Blood Lead Model for Children and Adult in China[J].Journal of Environment and Health,2017,34(9):789-793．]
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