雾霾污染与中国城市出口产品升级
摘要
本文基于Hidalgo和Hausmann (2009)的迭代法计算中国城市出口产品技术复杂度,利用1998年—2016年中国343个地级及以上城市PM2.5浓度的雾霾数据,研究雾霾污染对我国城市出口产品升级的影响及影响机制。研究发现:我国城市出口升级过程中伴随着严重的雾霾污染,雾霾污染越严重的城市,出口产品技术复杂度越高。通过进一步的机制研究发现,环境规制与资本储备,是雾霾污染影响中国城市出口产品升级的两个重要传导机制。具体表现为:政府环境规制能有效推动企业进行创新,从而促进城市出口产品的升级;同时,雾霾污染降低城市竞争力,导致人力资本与金融资本流失,不利于城市出口产品升级。最后,雾霾污染对经济水平高的城市影响,显著高于经济水平低的城市,且随时间的推移影响越发显著。本文的政策启示是:政府通过环境规制治霾,有助于提高企业创新可能性以及增强城市竞争力,从而助推中国城市出口升级。
引文
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[15]梁伟,杨明,张延伟.城镇化率的提升必然加剧雾霾污染吗——兼论城镇化与雾霾污染的空间溢出效应[J].地理研究,2017,36(10):1947-1958.
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[17]Chang,T.,J. G.Zivin,T.Gross,and M.Neidel,2016,“Particulate Pollution and the Productivity of Pear Packers”,Economic Policy,8(3),141-169.
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[24]Poncet S, Starosta de Waldemar F.Export Upgrading and Growth:The Prerequisite of Domestic E m b e d d e d n e s s[J]. W o r l d Development, 2013, 51:104–118.
[2]刘志彪,张杰.全球代工体系下发展中国家俘获型网络的形成、突破与对策——基于GVC与NVC的比较视角[J].中国工业经济,2007(5):39-47.
[3] Koopman R, Wang Z, Wei S-J.National Bureau of Economic Research, 2008. How Much of Chinese Exports is Really Made in China? Assessing Domestic ValueAdded When Processing Trade is Pervasive[R]. 14109, 2008.
[4] Lin J Y, Wang Y. China’s Integration with the World:Development as a Process of Learning and Industrial Upgrading[J]. China Economic Policy Review, 2012, 01(01):1250001.
[5]Anselin, L. Spatial Effects in Econometric Practice in nvironmental andResource Economecs[J]. Oxford Econimic Journal of Agricultural Economics,2001,(83).
[6] XU B, LU J. Foreign direct investment,processing trade, and the sophistication of China’s exports[J].China Economic Review.2009(20):425–439.
[7] Jarreau J, Poncet S. Export sophistication and economic growth:Evidence from China[J]. Journal of Development Economics, 2012, 97(2):281–292.
[8] Hausmann R, Hwang J, Rodrik D.What You Export Matters[J]. Journal of Economic Growth, 2006, 12(1):1–25.
[9] Rodrik D. What’s So Special about China’s Exports?[J]. China&World Economy, 2006, 14(5):1–19.
[10]姚洋,张晔.中国出口品国内技术含量升级的动态研究——来自全国及江苏省、广东省的证据[J].中国社会科学,2008(2):67-82,205-206.
[11]姚洋,章林峰.中国本土企业出口竞争优势和技术变迁分析[J].世界经济,2008(3):3-11.
[12]赵红,彭馨.中国出口技术复杂度测算及影响因素研究[J].中国软科学,2014(11):183-192.
[13]陈诗一,陈登科.雾霾污染、政府治理与经济高质量发展[J].经济研究,2018,53(2):20-34.
[14]韩超,桑瑞聪.环境规制约束下的企业产品转换与产品质量提升[J].中国工业经济,2018(2):43-62.
[15]梁伟,杨明,张延伟.城镇化率的提升必然加剧雾霾污染吗——兼论城镇化与雾霾污染的空间溢出效应[J].地理研究,2017,36(10):1947-1958.
[16]Greenstone,M.,and R. Hanna,2014,“Environmental Regulations,Air and Water Pollution,and Infant Mortality in India” American Economic Review,104,3038—3072.
[17]Chang,T.,J. G.Zivin,T.Gross,and M.Neidel,2016,“Particulate Pollution and the Productivity of Pear Packers”,Economic Policy,8(3),141-169.
[18]Pierce,J. R.&Schott,P. K.,Concording U. S. Harmonized System Categories over Time,S S R N S c h o l a r l y P a p e r I D2054762:Rochester,NY,Social Science Research Network,2012.
[19]Manova K, Zhang Z. Export Prices Across Firms and Destinations[J]. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 2012,127(1):379–436.
[20]Hausmann R, Hwang J, Rodrik D.What You Export Matters[J]. Journal of Economic Growth, 2006, 12(1):1–25.
[21]戴翔,金碚.产品内分工、制度质量与出口技术复杂度[J].经济研究,2014(7):4-17,43.
[22]陈维涛,王永进,毛劲松.出口技术复杂度、劳动力市场分割与中国的人力资本投资[J].管理世界,2014(2):6-20.
[23]Hidalgo C A, Hausmann R. The Building Blocks of Economic Complexity[J]. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 2009,106(26):10570–10575.
[24]Poncet S, Starosta de Waldemar F.Export Upgrading and Growth:The Prerequisite of Domestic E m b e d d e d n e s s[J]. W o r l d Development, 2013, 51:104–118.