箱涵式轴流泵装置进出水流道优化设计
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摘要
基于RNG k-ε紊流模型和雷诺时均N-S方程,运用CFD商用大型软件对箱涵式进出水流道立式轴流泵装置进行了三维流动仿真计算及水力特性的优化设计。通过先部分后整体的方法先独自对箱涵式进水流道进行优化计算,而后在整体泵装置上对箱涵式出水流道进行优化计算。进水流道的优化以出口断面流速均匀度和水力损失为目标函数,出水流道的优化则以泵装置效率和水力损失为目标函数。通过数值计算得出,优化后箱涵式进水流道的水力损失由7.52 cm降低到3.49 cm,进水流道出口流速均匀度由42.41%提高到89.11%,进水流道的悬空高度H和进水喇叭管与叶轮间的连接角度α对进水流道水力特性的影响显著,设计时应该重点考虑。箱涵式出水流道的水力损失由87.15 cm降低到76.37 cm,出水流道的设计应重点关注导流墩与出水喇叭管的半径差Δr和出水导流墩的半径R,合适的出水导流墩半径在0.75倍导叶出口直径左右。泵装置模型试验在叶片安放角-4°时,设计工况下泵装置效率达到75.0%,泵装置最高效率为75.67%,高效区运行范围较宽;对比数值计算和模型试验的结果可以发现误差最大处低于5%,整体性能曲线的趋势相对良好,说明数值模拟对于泵装置的优化是合理的,对于实际工程具有指导意义。
Based on the RNG k-ε turbulence model and the Reynolds time-averaged N-S equation,the CFD commercial large-scale software is used to simulate the three-dimensional flow simulation and hydraulic performance of the box-carrying inlet and outlet vertical axial flow pump device. The tank culvert inlet flow passage is optimized by the partial and integral method respectively,and then the tank culvert outlet passage is optimized in the integral pump device. The passage is characterized by the velocity uniformity and hydraulic loss of the outlet section,and the outlet flow passage is based on the pumping unit efficiency and hydraulic loss. According to the numerical simulation,the hydraulic loss of the optimized tank-type inlet flow passage is reduced from 7.52 cm to 3.49 cm,and the uniformity of the inlet flow passage of the box-type inlet passage increases from 42.41% to 89.11%. The connection angle α between the inlet horn and the impeller is most sensitive to the influence of the hydraulic characteristics of the inlet runner,and should be focused on the design. The hydraulic loss of the tank-carrying water passage decreases from 87.15 cm to 76.37 cm. The design of the outlet passage should focus on the radius difference Δr between the diversion pier and the outlet trough tube and the radius R of the outlet diversion pier,suitable drainage diversion.The radius of the pier is about 0.75 times the diameter of the vane outlet. When the blade placement angle is-4 degrees,the efficiency of the pump device is 75.0% under the design condition,the maximum efficiency of the pump device is 75.67%,and the operating range of the high efficiency zone is wide; the numerical simulation and model test results can find the minimum error of no more than 5%,the overall performance curve trend is relatively good,indicating that the numerical simulation is reasonable for the optimization of the pump device,instructive for practical engineering.
Based on the RNG k-ε turbulence model and the Reynolds time-averaged N-S equation,the CFD commercial large-scale software is used to simulate the three-dimensional flow simulation and hydraulic performance of the box-carrying inlet and outlet vertical axial flow pump device. The tank culvert inlet flow passage is optimized by the partial and integral method respectively,and then the tank culvert outlet passage is optimized in the integral pump device. The passage is characterized by the velocity uniformity and hydraulic loss of the outlet section,and the outlet flow passage is based on the pumping unit efficiency and hydraulic loss. According to the numerical simulation,the hydraulic loss of the optimized tank-type inlet flow passage is reduced from 7.52 cm to 3.49 cm,and the uniformity of the inlet flow passage of the box-type inlet passage increases from 42.41% to 89.11%. The connection angle α between the inlet horn and the impeller is most sensitive to the influence of the hydraulic characteristics of the inlet runner,and should be focused on the design. The hydraulic loss of the tank-carrying water passage decreases from 87.15 cm to 76.37 cm. The design of the outlet passage should focus on the radius difference Δr between the diversion pier and the outlet trough tube and the radius R of the outlet diversion pier,suitable drainage diversion.The radius of the pier is about 0.75 times the diameter of the vane outlet. When the blade placement angle is-4 degrees,the efficiency of the pump device is 75.0% under the design condition,the maximum efficiency of the pump device is 75.67%,and the operating range of the high efficiency zone is wide; the numerical simulation and model test results can find the minimum error of no more than 5%,the overall performance curve trend is relatively good,indicating that the numerical simulation is reasonable for the optimization of the pump device,instructive for practical engineering.
引文
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[2]张仁田.低扬程双向泵站的研究与开发[J].河海科技进展,1992,12(3):90-95.
[3]陈松山,王林锁,陆伟刚,等.大型轴流泵站双向进水流道设计及泵装置特性试验[J].江苏理工大学学报(自然科学版),2001,22(3):45-49.
[4]张仁田.双向泵站进水流道优化水力设计与试验研究[J].农业机械学报,2003,34(6):73-76,72.
[5]张仁田.双向轴流泵模型装置对比试验研究[J].流体机械,2003,31(10):1-5.
[6]LIU Chao.Water Pump and Pump Station[M].Beijing:China Water Conservancy and Hydropower Press,2009.
[7]SHI L,ZHANG D,JIN Y,et al.A study on tip leakage vortex dynamics and cavitation in axial-flow pump[J].Fluid Dynamics Research,2001,49(3):035504.
[8]MA P,WANG J.An analysis on the flow characteristics of bi-directional axial-flow pump under reverse operation[J].Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers Part A Journal of Power&Energy,2017,231(3):239-249.
[9]LIU Chao,JIN Yan,ZHOU Jiren,et al.Numericalsimulation and experimental study of a two-floor structurepumping system[C]∥Proceedings of the ASME PowerConference,2010:777-784.
[10]刘超,周济人,汤方平,等.低扬程双向流道泵装置研究[J].农业机械学报,2001,32(1):49-51.
[11]陈松山,何钟宁,周正富,等.低扬程泵站箱涵式出水流道水力特性试验[J].农业机械学报,2007,38(4):70-72.
[12]李大亮,张晓芳,陈松山,等.泵站出水流道的优化试验[J].排灌机械,2007,25(4):30-33.
[13]陈松山,何钟宁,周正富,等.泵站新型箱涵式出水流道三维湍流数值模拟研究[J].灌溉排水学报,2007,26(5):18-21.
[14]陈松山,周正富,屈磊飞,等.泵站箱涵式出水流道三维湍流数值分析[J].江苏大学学报(自然科学版),2005,26(6):468-471.
[15]何钟宁,陈松山,周正富,等.泵站箱涵式出水流道三维湍流数值模拟[J].扬州大学学报(自然科学版),2007,10(3):69-73.
[16]杨帆,刘超,汤方平,等.箱涵式进水流道的立式轴流泵装置水动力特性分析[J].农业工程学报,2014,30(4):62-69.
[17]石丽建,汤方平,等.大型箱涵式泵装置优化设计与试验[J].农业机械学报,2017,48(1):96-103.
[18]周济人,刘超,袁家博,等.大型泵站箱涵式双向进水流道试验研究[J].扬州大学学报(自然科学版),1999,2(4):79-82.
[19]杨帆.低扬程装置水动力特性及多目标优化关键技术研究[D].江苏扬州:扬州大学,2013.
[20]关醒凡.轴流泵和斜流泵水力模型设计试验及工程应用[M].北京:中国宇航出版社,2009.