马铃薯/玉米间作对作物生理生态特性的影响
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摘要
为探明马铃薯/玉米间作种植模式对作物生理生态特性的影响,为间作模式的进一步应用提供依据。以马铃薯/玉米间作为研究对象,分析间作对作物叶绿素、光合作用、作物水分特征以及生物量和产量的影响。结果表明:间作模式下各指标比单作模式均有所提高,叶绿素含量马铃薯和玉米分别提高1.7%～10.3%和8%～24.2%;马铃薯和玉米净光合速率、蒸腾强度、气孔导度、叶片水分利用效率分别提高1.8%、11.8%、22.2%、3.2%和3.0%、7.6%、9.2%、-6.6%,其中玉米叶片水分利用效率间作有所下降;马铃薯和玉米间作地上部分干重、产量较单作分别提高8.4%、13.8%和5.6%、9.5%;地下部根系干重则表现为单作显著高于间作,单作马铃薯、玉米分别较间作种植提高10.5%和25.1%。间作模式合理分配了土壤水分,马铃薯和玉米2种作物避开了需水高峰期,在干旱年份间作模式可有效提高作物抗旱和防灾减灾能力。
In order to explore the effects of potato/maize intercropping model on crop physiological and ecological characteristics,and provide basis for further application of intercropping model,in this paper the authors analyzed the effects of intercropping model on chlorophyll content,photosynthesis,crop water characteristics,biomass and yield of potato and maize.Results:In comparison with single cropping model,all the indicators in the intercropping mode were improved.The chlorophyll content of potato and maize increased by 1.7%-10.3%and 8%-24.2%respectively,and the net photosynthetic rate,transpiration intensity,stomatal conductance and leaf water use efficiency of potato and maize increased by 1.8%,11.8%,22.2%,3.2%,and 3.0%,7.6%,9.2%,-6.6%,respectively.The leaf water use efficiency of maize decreased.The aboveground dry weight and yield of potato and maize increased by 8.4%,13.8%and 5.6%,9.5%,respectively.The underground dry weight dropped significantly.The underground dry weight of potato and maize in single cropping model increase by 10.5% and 25.1%.Intercropping mode reasonably distributes the soil moisture,and the two crops avoid the peak demand period,and the intercropping mode can effectively improve the drought resistance and disaster prevention and mitigation ability of crops.
In order to explore the effects of potato/maize intercropping model on crop physiological and ecological characteristics,and provide basis for further application of intercropping model,in this paper the authors analyzed the effects of intercropping model on chlorophyll content,photosynthesis,crop water characteristics,biomass and yield of potato and maize.Results:In comparison with single cropping model,all the indicators in the intercropping mode were improved.The chlorophyll content of potato and maize increased by 1.7%-10.3%and 8%-24.2%respectively,and the net photosynthetic rate,transpiration intensity,stomatal conductance and leaf water use efficiency of potato and maize increased by 1.8%,11.8%,22.2%,3.2%,and 3.0%,7.6%,9.2%,-6.6%,respectively.The leaf water use efficiency of maize decreased.The aboveground dry weight and yield of potato and maize increased by 8.4%,13.8%and 5.6%,9.5%,respectively.The underground dry weight dropped significantly.The underground dry weight of potato and maize in single cropping model increase by 10.5% and 25.1%.Intercropping mode reasonably distributes the soil moisture,and the two crops avoid the peak demand period,and the intercropping mode can effectively improve the drought resistance and disaster prevention and mitigation ability of crops.
引文
[1]戴佳信.内蒙古河套灌区间作作物需水量与生理生态效应研究[D].呼和浩特:内蒙古农业大学,2011.
[2]朱启林,向蕊,汤利,等.间作条件下施氮量对马铃薯光合特性的调控作用[J].生态学杂志,2018,37(5):1391-1397.
[3]夏婵娟,史彦江.枣棉间作的生态效应对棉花产量的影响[J].西安工程大学学报,2012,26(2):161-167.
[4]侯建伟,段玉,张君,内蒙古阴山北麓旱农区马铃薯间作模式的生产力与水分利用[J].土壤,2018,50(1):79-85.
[5]刘亚军.马铃薯不同间作模式对作物与土壤的影响[D].银川:宁夏大学,2017.
[6]杜春凤.马铃薯/玉米间作栽培对土壤和作物的影响[D].银川:宁夏大学,2017.
[7]杨彩红,柴强.交替灌溉对小麦/蚕豆间作系统作物生理生态特性的影响[J].中国生态农业学报,2016,24(7):883-892.
[8]卢成达,郭志利,李阳,等.旱地玉米间作马铃薯模式不同行比配置生理生态及经济效应研究[J].中国农学通报,2015,31(33):67-73.
[9]张建华,马义勇,王振南,等.间作系统中玉米光合作用指标改善的研究[J].玉米科学,2006,14(4):104-106.
[10]王照霞,郭贤仕,马一凡,等.青贮玉米豌豆间作对产量和水分利用效率的影响[J].甘肃农业大学学报,2005,40(4):492-497.
[11]李波,李婷,王铁良.土壤水分对玉米叶绿素荧光指标的影响研究[J].中国农村水利水电,2016(3):14-22.
[12]卢福顺,石瑛,王凤义.干旱和复水对马铃薯叶绿素荧光参数的影响[J].中国马铃薯,2013,27(4):203-207.
[13]冯晓钰,周广胜.夏玉米叶片水分变化与光合作用和土壤水分的关系[J].生态学报,2018,38(1):177-185.
[14]刘素军,蒙美莲,陈有君,等.水分胁迫下马铃薯叶片光合特性的变化及其响应机制研究[J].西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版),2018,46(8):1-10.
[15]张利东,高丽红,张柳霞,等.交替隔沟灌溉与施氮量对日光温室黄瓜光合作用、生长及产量的影响[J].应用生态学报,2011,22(9):2348-2354.
[16]闵勇,朱成立,舒慕晨,等.微咸水-淡水交替灌溉对夏玉米光合日变化的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,2018,37(3):9-17.
[17]张晓娜,陈平,庞婷,等.玉米/豆科间作种植模式对作物干物质积累、分配及产量的影响[J].四川农业大学学报,2017,35(4):484-490.
[18]杨君林,马忠明,张立勤,等.甘肃省河西绿洲干旱灌区施氮量对小麦-玉米间作水分利用和产量的影响[J].土壤与作物,2016,5(3):176-180.
[19]徐宝山,贾生海,雒天峰,等.膜下滴灌不同灌水定额对玉米根系生长的影响[J].水土保持研究,2014,21(5):272-276,284.
[2]朱启林,向蕊,汤利,等.间作条件下施氮量对马铃薯光合特性的调控作用[J].生态学杂志,2018,37(5):1391-1397.
[3]夏婵娟,史彦江.枣棉间作的生态效应对棉花产量的影响[J].西安工程大学学报,2012,26(2):161-167.
[4]侯建伟,段玉,张君,内蒙古阴山北麓旱农区马铃薯间作模式的生产力与水分利用[J].土壤,2018,50(1):79-85.
[5]刘亚军.马铃薯不同间作模式对作物与土壤的影响[D].银川:宁夏大学,2017.
[6]杜春凤.马铃薯/玉米间作栽培对土壤和作物的影响[D].银川:宁夏大学,2017.
[7]杨彩红,柴强.交替灌溉对小麦/蚕豆间作系统作物生理生态特性的影响[J].中国生态农业学报,2016,24(7):883-892.
[8]卢成达,郭志利,李阳,等.旱地玉米间作马铃薯模式不同行比配置生理生态及经济效应研究[J].中国农学通报,2015,31(33):67-73.
[9]张建华,马义勇,王振南,等.间作系统中玉米光合作用指标改善的研究[J].玉米科学,2006,14(4):104-106.
[10]王照霞,郭贤仕,马一凡,等.青贮玉米豌豆间作对产量和水分利用效率的影响[J].甘肃农业大学学报,2005,40(4):492-497.
[11]李波,李婷,王铁良.土壤水分对玉米叶绿素荧光指标的影响研究[J].中国农村水利水电,2016(3):14-22.
[12]卢福顺,石瑛,王凤义.干旱和复水对马铃薯叶绿素荧光参数的影响[J].中国马铃薯,2013,27(4):203-207.
[13]冯晓钰,周广胜.夏玉米叶片水分变化与光合作用和土壤水分的关系[J].生态学报,2018,38(1):177-185.
[14]刘素军,蒙美莲,陈有君,等.水分胁迫下马铃薯叶片光合特性的变化及其响应机制研究[J].西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版),2018,46(8):1-10.
[15]张利东,高丽红,张柳霞,等.交替隔沟灌溉与施氮量对日光温室黄瓜光合作用、生长及产量的影响[J].应用生态学报,2011,22(9):2348-2354.
[16]闵勇,朱成立,舒慕晨,等.微咸水-淡水交替灌溉对夏玉米光合日变化的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,2018,37(3):9-17.
[17]张晓娜,陈平,庞婷,等.玉米/豆科间作种植模式对作物干物质积累、分配及产量的影响[J].四川农业大学学报,2017,35(4):484-490.
[18]杨君林,马忠明,张立勤,等.甘肃省河西绿洲干旱灌区施氮量对小麦-玉米间作水分利用和产量的影响[J].土壤与作物,2016,5(3):176-180.
[19]徐宝山,贾生海,雒天峰,等.膜下滴灌不同灌水定额对玉米根系生长的影响[J].水土保持研究,2014,21(5):272-276,284.