绿洲农田土壤斥水性及其影响因素
|
摘要
土壤斥水性(Soil Water Repellency, SWR)指水分不能或很难湿润土壤颗粒表面的现象,对农业水管理、土壤水入渗、农化污染物运移及土壤侵蚀有重要影响,土壤斥水性在绿洲化过程中的变化特征及其影响因素尚不明确。在甘肃临泽绿洲分别选取未开垦的沙地(0年)及开垦10、30、50、100年绿洲农田表层土壤(0～5 cm),分别测定土壤有机碳含量、土壤质地(砂粒、粉粒、黏粒)和土壤pH,并用毛管上升法测定土壤斥水性。结果表明:土壤斥水性随着开垦年限的增加而不断增加。不同开垦年限土壤的"土-水"接触角58°～89°,差异显著(P<0.001)。土壤有机碳含量、土壤质地和土壤pH均与"土-水"接触角存在显著的回归关系(P<0.001)。逐步回归分析的结果表明,绿洲化过程中土壤有机碳含量和pH共解释了土壤斥水性72.1%的变异。因此,在绿洲农田进一步研究土壤斥水性对土壤水运动的影响应更多关注土壤有机碳和pH两大因素。
Soil Water Repellency(SWR) can be defined as the phenomenon that a soil does not wet spontaneously when water is applied on the surface, which has an important impact on agricultural water management, soil water infiltration, agro-pollutants transport and soil erosion. However, little is known on the SWR in oasis cropland. This purpose of the study was to analysis characteristics of soil water repellency and its causes in Linze oasis cropland. Soil samples at the depth of 0-5 cm were selected in the natural sand(0 year) and reclaimed 10 years, 30 years, 50 years and 100 years oasis cropland. Soil organic carbon, soil texture(sand, silt & clay) and soil pH was measured, and soil water repellency was determinated by the capillary rise method. The results showed that soil water repellency increased with the increase of reclamation years. The "soil-water" contact angle ranged from 58° to 89° and was significant difference among different reclaimed years cropland(P<0.001). Soil organic carbon, soil texture and soil pH all had significant regression relation with soil-water contact angle(P<0.001). The results of stepwise regression analysis showed that soil organic carbon and pH explained 72.1% variation of soil water repellency, and effected more soil water repellency than soil texture. All results of the study indicated that further research on soil water repellency should pay more attention to soil organic carbon and pH.
Soil Water Repellency(SWR) can be defined as the phenomenon that a soil does not wet spontaneously when water is applied on the surface, which has an important impact on agricultural water management, soil water infiltration, agro-pollutants transport and soil erosion. However, little is known on the SWR in oasis cropland. This purpose of the study was to analysis characteristics of soil water repellency and its causes in Linze oasis cropland. Soil samples at the depth of 0-5 cm were selected in the natural sand(0 year) and reclaimed 10 years, 30 years, 50 years and 100 years oasis cropland. Soil organic carbon, soil texture(sand, silt & clay) and soil pH was measured, and soil water repellency was determinated by the capillary rise method. The results showed that soil water repellency increased with the increase of reclamation years. The "soil-water" contact angle ranged from 58° to 89° and was significant difference among different reclaimed years cropland(P<0.001). Soil organic carbon, soil texture and soil pH all had significant regression relation with soil-water contact angle(P<0.001). The results of stepwise regression analysis showed that soil organic carbon and pH explained 72.1% variation of soil water repellency, and effected more soil water repellency than soil texture. All results of the study indicated that further research on soil water repellency should pay more attention to soil organic carbon and pH.
引文
[1] 杨邦杰,Blackwell P S,Nicholson D F.土壤斥水性引起的土地退化、调查方法与改良措施研究[J].环境科学,1994,15(4):88-90.
[2] Doerr S H,Shakesby R A,Walsh R P.Soil water repellency:its causes,characteristics and hydro-geomorphological significance[J].Earth-Science Reviews,2000,51:33-65.
[3] 刘立超,杨昊天,李新荣,等.土壤斥水性及其生态水文效应研究进展[J].地球科学进展,2011,26(9):926-932.
[4] 李毅,商艳玲,李振华,等.土壤斥水性研究进展[J].农业机械学报,2012,43(1):68-75.
[5] Mao J,Nierop K,Dekker S,et al.Understanding the mechanisms of soil water repellency from nanoscale to ecosystem scale:a review[J].Journal of Soils and Sediments,2019,19:171-185.
[6] 闵雷雷,于静洁.土壤斥水性及其坡面产流的影响研究进展[J].地理科学进展,2010,29(7):855-860.
[7] Müller K,Deurer M,Jeyakumar P,et al.Temporal dynamics of soil water repellency and its impact on pasture productivity[J].Agricultural Water Management,2014,143:82-92.
[8] Müller K,Mason K,Strozzi A G,et al.Runoff and nutrient loss from a water-repellent soil[J].Geoderma,2018,322:28-37.
[9] 唐德秀,李毅,刘俸,等.土壤斥水性对不同植物种子发牙率的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,2018,37(8):83-90.
[10] Lipsius K,Mooney S J.Using image analysis of tracer staining to examine the infiltration patterns in a water repellent contaminated sandy soil[J].Geoderma,2006,136:865-875.
[11] Nyman P,Sheridan G J,Smith H G,et al.Modeling the effects of surface storage,macropore flow and water repellency on infiltration after wildfire[J].Journal of Hydrology,2014,513:301-313.
[12] Wang Z,Wu Q J,Wu L,et al.Effects of soil water repellency on infiltration rate and flow instability[J].Journal of Hyrdrology,2000,231-232:265-276.
[13] Li Y,Ren X,Hill R,et al.Characteristics of water infiltration in layered water repellent soils[J].Pedosphere,2018,28:775-792.
[14] Zheng W,Morris E K,Lehmann A,et al.Interplay of soil water repellency,soil aggregation and organic carbon.A meta-analysis[J].Geoderma,2016,283:39-47.
[15] 陈俊英,吴普特,张智韬,等.土壤斥水性与有机质质量分数的变化关系研究[J].灌溉排水学报,2012,31(3):96-98.
[16] Wijewardana N S,Müller K,Moldrup P,et al.Soil-water repellency characteristic curves for soil profiles with organic carbon gradients[J].Geoderma,2016,264:150-159.
[17] Girona-García A,Ortiz-Perpiňá O,Badía-Villas D,et al.Effects of prescribed burning on soil organic C,aggregate stability and water repellency in a subalpine shrubland:variations among sieve fractions and depths[J].Catena,2018,166:68-77.
[18] 杨松,吴珺华,董红艳,等.砂土和黏土的颗粒差异对土壤斥水性的影响[J].土壤学报,2016,53(2):421-426.
[19] Dekker L W,Ritsema C J.Preferential flow paths in a water repellent clay soil with grass cover[J].Water Resources Research,1996,32:1239-1294.
[20] Bayer J V,Schaumann G E.Development of soil repellency in the course of isothermal drying and upon pH changes in two urban soils[J].Hydrological Processes,2007,21:2266-2275.
[21] Diehl D,Bayer J V,Woche S K,et al.Reaction of soil water repellency to artificially induced changes in soil pH[J].Geoderma,2010,158:375-384.
[22] Amer A,Schaumann G E,Diehl D.The effect of pH modification on wetting kinetics of a naturally water-repellent coniferous forest soil[J].European Journal of Soil Science,2017,68:317-326.
[23] Zavala L M,Garcia-Moreno J,Gordillo-Rivero A,et al.Natural soil water repellency in different types of Mediterranean woodlands[J].Geoderma,2014,226-227:170-178.
[24] 王亦尘,李毅,肖珍珍.玛纳斯河流域土壤斥水性及其影响因素[J].应用生态学报,2016,27(12):3769-3776.
[25] 王海,高永飞,刘洪林,等.草原土壤斥水性与土壤理化因子的相关性分析[J].中国草地学报,2019,41(1):68-74.
[26] 赵文智,杨荣,刘冰,等.中国绿洲化及其研究进展[J].中国沙漠,2016,36(1):1-5.
[27] Li S,Zhao W.Landscape pattern changes of desert oasis wetlands in the middle reach of the Heihe river,China[J].Arid Land Research and Management,2010,24:253-262.
[28] 王蕙,赵文智.绿洲化过程中绿洲化土壤物理性质变化研究[J].中国沙漠,2009,29(6):1109-1115.
[29] Li X G,Li Y K,Li F M,et al.Changes in soil organic carbon,nutrients and aggregation after conversion of native desert soil into irrigated arable land[J].Soil & Tillage Research,2009,104:263-269.
[30] Su Y Z,Wang X F,Yang R,et al.Effects of sandy desertified land rehabilitation on soil carbon sequestration and aggregation in an arid region in China[J].Journal of Environmental Management,2010,91:2109-2116.
[31] 赵文智,庄艳丽.中国干旱区绿洲稳定性研究[J].干旱区研究,2008,25(2):155-162.
[32] 闫加亮,赵文智,张勇勇.绿洲农田土壤优先流特征及其对灌溉量的响应[J].应用生态学报,2015,26(5):1454-1460.
[33] 鲁如坤.土壤农业化学分析方法[M].北京:中国农业科技出版社,2000.
[34] Letey J,Carrillo M L K,Pang X P.Approaches to characterize the degree of water repellency[J].Journal of Hydrology,2000,231-232:61-65.
[35] Leelamanie D A L,Karube J,Yoshida A.Characterizing water repellency indices:contact angle and water drop penetration time of hydrophobized sand[J].Soil Science and Plant Nutrition,2008,54:179-187.
[36] Michel J C,Riviere L M,Bellon-Fontaine M N.Measurement of the wettability of organic materials in relation to water content by the capillary rise method[J].European Journal of Soil Science,2001,52:459-467.
[37] T?umer K,Stoffregen H,Wessolek G.Determination of repellency distribution using soil organic matter and water content[J].Geoderma,2005,125:107-115.
[38] 杨昊天,刘立超,高艳红,等.腾格里沙漠沙丘固定后土壤的斥水性特征研究[J].中国沙漠,2012,32(3):674-682.
[39] Mirbabaei S M,Shahrestani M S,Zolfaghari A,et al.Relationship between soil water repellency and some of soil properites in northern Iran[J].Catena,2013,108:26-34.
[40] 孙棋棋,刘前进,于兴修,等.沂蒙山区桃园棕壤斥水性对理化性质的空间响应[J].土壤学报,2014,51(3):648-655.
[41] Wang X Y,Zhao Y,Horn R.Soil wettability as affected by soil characteristics and land use[J].Pedosphere,2010,20:43-54.
[42] 王杰,余冰,王军光,等.中南地区典型地带性土壤的斥水性及其影响因素分析[J].灌溉排水学报,2017,36(9):69-74.
[2] Doerr S H,Shakesby R A,Walsh R P.Soil water repellency:its causes,characteristics and hydro-geomorphological significance[J].Earth-Science Reviews,2000,51:33-65.
[3] 刘立超,杨昊天,李新荣,等.土壤斥水性及其生态水文效应研究进展[J].地球科学进展,2011,26(9):926-932.
[4] 李毅,商艳玲,李振华,等.土壤斥水性研究进展[J].农业机械学报,2012,43(1):68-75.
[5] Mao J,Nierop K,Dekker S,et al.Understanding the mechanisms of soil water repellency from nanoscale to ecosystem scale:a review[J].Journal of Soils and Sediments,2019,19:171-185.
[6] 闵雷雷,于静洁.土壤斥水性及其坡面产流的影响研究进展[J].地理科学进展,2010,29(7):855-860.
[7] Müller K,Deurer M,Jeyakumar P,et al.Temporal dynamics of soil water repellency and its impact on pasture productivity[J].Agricultural Water Management,2014,143:82-92.
[8] Müller K,Mason K,Strozzi A G,et al.Runoff and nutrient loss from a water-repellent soil[J].Geoderma,2018,322:28-37.
[9] 唐德秀,李毅,刘俸,等.土壤斥水性对不同植物种子发牙率的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,2018,37(8):83-90.
[10] Lipsius K,Mooney S J.Using image analysis of tracer staining to examine the infiltration patterns in a water repellent contaminated sandy soil[J].Geoderma,2006,136:865-875.
[11] Nyman P,Sheridan G J,Smith H G,et al.Modeling the effects of surface storage,macropore flow and water repellency on infiltration after wildfire[J].Journal of Hydrology,2014,513:301-313.
[12] Wang Z,Wu Q J,Wu L,et al.Effects of soil water repellency on infiltration rate and flow instability[J].Journal of Hyrdrology,2000,231-232:265-276.
[13] Li Y,Ren X,Hill R,et al.Characteristics of water infiltration in layered water repellent soils[J].Pedosphere,2018,28:775-792.
[14] Zheng W,Morris E K,Lehmann A,et al.Interplay of soil water repellency,soil aggregation and organic carbon.A meta-analysis[J].Geoderma,2016,283:39-47.
[15] 陈俊英,吴普特,张智韬,等.土壤斥水性与有机质质量分数的变化关系研究[J].灌溉排水学报,2012,31(3):96-98.
[16] Wijewardana N S,Müller K,Moldrup P,et al.Soil-water repellency characteristic curves for soil profiles with organic carbon gradients[J].Geoderma,2016,264:150-159.
[17] Girona-García A,Ortiz-Perpiňá O,Badía-Villas D,et al.Effects of prescribed burning on soil organic C,aggregate stability and water repellency in a subalpine shrubland:variations among sieve fractions and depths[J].Catena,2018,166:68-77.
[18] 杨松,吴珺华,董红艳,等.砂土和黏土的颗粒差异对土壤斥水性的影响[J].土壤学报,2016,53(2):421-426.
[19] Dekker L W,Ritsema C J.Preferential flow paths in a water repellent clay soil with grass cover[J].Water Resources Research,1996,32:1239-1294.
[20] Bayer J V,Schaumann G E.Development of soil repellency in the course of isothermal drying and upon pH changes in two urban soils[J].Hydrological Processes,2007,21:2266-2275.
[21] Diehl D,Bayer J V,Woche S K,et al.Reaction of soil water repellency to artificially induced changes in soil pH[J].Geoderma,2010,158:375-384.
[22] Amer A,Schaumann G E,Diehl D.The effect of pH modification on wetting kinetics of a naturally water-repellent coniferous forest soil[J].European Journal of Soil Science,2017,68:317-326.
[23] Zavala L M,Garcia-Moreno J,Gordillo-Rivero A,et al.Natural soil water repellency in different types of Mediterranean woodlands[J].Geoderma,2014,226-227:170-178.
[24] 王亦尘,李毅,肖珍珍.玛纳斯河流域土壤斥水性及其影响因素[J].应用生态学报,2016,27(12):3769-3776.
[25] 王海,高永飞,刘洪林,等.草原土壤斥水性与土壤理化因子的相关性分析[J].中国草地学报,2019,41(1):68-74.
[26] 赵文智,杨荣,刘冰,等.中国绿洲化及其研究进展[J].中国沙漠,2016,36(1):1-5.
[27] Li S,Zhao W.Landscape pattern changes of desert oasis wetlands in the middle reach of the Heihe river,China[J].Arid Land Research and Management,2010,24:253-262.
[28] 王蕙,赵文智.绿洲化过程中绿洲化土壤物理性质变化研究[J].中国沙漠,2009,29(6):1109-1115.
[29] Li X G,Li Y K,Li F M,et al.Changes in soil organic carbon,nutrients and aggregation after conversion of native desert soil into irrigated arable land[J].Soil & Tillage Research,2009,104:263-269.
[30] Su Y Z,Wang X F,Yang R,et al.Effects of sandy desertified land rehabilitation on soil carbon sequestration and aggregation in an arid region in China[J].Journal of Environmental Management,2010,91:2109-2116.
[31] 赵文智,庄艳丽.中国干旱区绿洲稳定性研究[J].干旱区研究,2008,25(2):155-162.
[32] 闫加亮,赵文智,张勇勇.绿洲农田土壤优先流特征及其对灌溉量的响应[J].应用生态学报,2015,26(5):1454-1460.
[33] 鲁如坤.土壤农业化学分析方法[M].北京:中国农业科技出版社,2000.
[34] Letey J,Carrillo M L K,Pang X P.Approaches to characterize the degree of water repellency[J].Journal of Hydrology,2000,231-232:61-65.
[35] Leelamanie D A L,Karube J,Yoshida A.Characterizing water repellency indices:contact angle and water drop penetration time of hydrophobized sand[J].Soil Science and Plant Nutrition,2008,54:179-187.
[36] Michel J C,Riviere L M,Bellon-Fontaine M N.Measurement of the wettability of organic materials in relation to water content by the capillary rise method[J].European Journal of Soil Science,2001,52:459-467.
[37] T?umer K,Stoffregen H,Wessolek G.Determination of repellency distribution using soil organic matter and water content[J].Geoderma,2005,125:107-115.
[38] 杨昊天,刘立超,高艳红,等.腾格里沙漠沙丘固定后土壤的斥水性特征研究[J].中国沙漠,2012,32(3):674-682.
[39] Mirbabaei S M,Shahrestani M S,Zolfaghari A,et al.Relationship between soil water repellency and some of soil properites in northern Iran[J].Catena,2013,108:26-34.
[40] 孙棋棋,刘前进,于兴修,等.沂蒙山区桃园棕壤斥水性对理化性质的空间响应[J].土壤学报,2014,51(3):648-655.
[41] Wang X Y,Zhao Y,Horn R.Soil wettability as affected by soil characteristics and land use[J].Pedosphere,2010,20:43-54.
[42] 王杰,余冰,王军光,等.中南地区典型地带性土壤的斥水性及其影响因素分析[J].灌溉排水学报,2017,36(9):69-74.