我国服务业创新方式及其就业创造机制研究
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摘要
本文从服务业各行业不同的技术创新方式来探讨其各自的就业创造机制,包括技术利用型、信息利用型和基础创新型服务业。研究发现,技术利用型服务业偏重于通过引进机器设备提高技术水平,对工作岗位存在替代效应;信息利用型服务业通过产业融合创造了大量的新型业态,就业增长明显;基础创新服务业通过对产业的技术渗透,带动传统产业转型升级,就业撬动效应明显。
This paper explores the respective employment creation mechanisms from different technological innovation methods in various sectors of the service industry, including technology utilization, information utilization and basic innovation. The research results show that technology utilization service industry tends to improve the technical level through the introduction of the machine and equipment, and there is an job alternative effect. The basic innovation service industry promotes the transformation and upgrading of traditional industries through the infiltration of technology into the industry, and the employment leveraging effect is obvious.
This paper explores the respective employment creation mechanisms from different technological innovation methods in various sectors of the service industry, including technology utilization, information utilization and basic innovation. The research results show that technology utilization service industry tends to improve the technical level through the introduction of the machine and equipment, and there is an job alternative effect. The basic innovation service industry promotes the transformation and upgrading of traditional industries through the infiltration of technology into the industry, and the employment leveraging effect is obvious.
引文
[1]Andersen B,Howells J,Hull R.Knowledge and innovation in the newservice economy[J].International Journal of Service Industry Management,2002(1):512-514.
[2]Herbert G Grubel,Michael Walker.Service Industry Growth:Cause and Effects[M].Fraser Institute,1993:99-101.
[3]Rinaldo Evangelista,Savona Maria.Innovation,employment and skills in services[J].Firm and Sectoral Evidence Structural Change and Economic Dynamics,2003(14):449-474.
[4]Francesco Bogliacino,Matteo Lucchese,Mario Pianta.Job creation in business services:Innovation,demand,and polarization[J].Structural Change and Economic Dynamics,2013(25):95-109.
[5]姚战琪.技术进步与服务业的融合和互动[J].财经研究,2008(7):39-50
[6]张车伟,王博雅,高文书.创新经济对就业的冲击与应对研究[J].中国人口科学,2017(7):2-17.
[7]赖德胜,高曼.地区就业岗位的创造--制造业对服务业的就业乘数效应[J].中国人口科学,2017(4):29-40.
[8]滴滴政策研究院.2017年滴滴出行平台就业研究报告[R/OL].[2019-01-09].http://www.199it.com/archives/646093.html.
(1)由于我国房地产行业发展受城镇化水平、财政体制、投资环境等影响较多,其更多的是受最终需求的影响,所以这里没有考虑房地产业。
(1)直接消耗系数是指某部门在生产经营过程中单位总产出直接消耗的各部门的产品或服务的数量。
(2)根据2014年发布的《国务院关于加快发展生产性服务业促进产业结构调整升级的指导意见》,以下行业属于生产性服务业:批发和零售业,交通运输、仓储和邮政业,租赁和商务服务业,金融业,房地产业,信息传输、软件和信息技术服务业,科学研究和技术服务业。
(1)根据1999、2015年《中华人民共和国职业分类大典》整理而得。
(2)职业增加率=本行业新增职业数/本行业原有职业数。
[2]Herbert G Grubel,Michael Walker.Service Industry Growth:Cause and Effects[M].Fraser Institute,1993:99-101.
[3]Rinaldo Evangelista,Savona Maria.Innovation,employment and skills in services[J].Firm and Sectoral Evidence Structural Change and Economic Dynamics,2003(14):449-474.
[4]Francesco Bogliacino,Matteo Lucchese,Mario Pianta.Job creation in business services:Innovation,demand,and polarization[J].Structural Change and Economic Dynamics,2013(25):95-109.
[5]姚战琪.技术进步与服务业的融合和互动[J].财经研究,2008(7):39-50
[6]张车伟,王博雅,高文书.创新经济对就业的冲击与应对研究[J].中国人口科学,2017(7):2-17.
[7]赖德胜,高曼.地区就业岗位的创造--制造业对服务业的就业乘数效应[J].中国人口科学,2017(4):29-40.
[8]滴滴政策研究院.2017年滴滴出行平台就业研究报告[R/OL].[2019-01-09].http://www.199it.com/archives/646093.html.
(1)由于我国房地产行业发展受城镇化水平、财政体制、投资环境等影响较多,其更多的是受最终需求的影响,所以这里没有考虑房地产业。
(1)直接消耗系数是指某部门在生产经营过程中单位总产出直接消耗的各部门的产品或服务的数量。
(2)根据2014年发布的《国务院关于加快发展生产性服务业促进产业结构调整升级的指导意见》,以下行业属于生产性服务业:批发和零售业,交通运输、仓储和邮政业,租赁和商务服务业,金融业,房地产业,信息传输、软件和信息技术服务业,科学研究和技术服务业。
(1)根据1999、2015年《中华人民共和国职业分类大典》整理而得。
(2)职业增加率=本行业新增职业数/本行业原有职业数。