丛枝菌根化滇重楼幼苗根际土壤微环境的研究
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摘要
[目的]研究丛枝菌根(Arbuscular mycorrhiza,AM)真菌对滇重楼幼苗根际土壤微生物数量及酶活性的影响。[方法]采用盆栽实验对滇重楼幼苗接种28种AM真菌,通过稀释平板计数法测定根际土壤可培养微生物数量,并结合室内分析对其土壤酶活性进行研究。[结果]各接种AM真菌组菌根浸染率在75%～100%,接种不同AM真菌的滇重楼幼苗根际土壤中,土壤微生物数量、生物量碳及土壤酶活性存在差异,接种AM真菌提高了滇重楼幼苗根际土壤可培养细菌和放线菌数量,降低了滇重楼幼苗根际土壤可培养真菌数量,增加了土壤微生物碳源利用率,改变了土壤中物种的丰富度和均一度,增加了土壤中的生物多样性;促进了滇重楼幼苗根际土壤酶(蛋白酶、脲酶、磷酸酶、过氧化氢酶和蔗糖酶)活力的增加,尤其可显著增强磷酸酶、蔗糖酶的活性。[结论]AM真菌在不同程度上影响了滇重楼幼苗根际土壤微环境,对滇重楼人工栽培应用AM菌剂提供了重要的理论和实践价值。
[Objective]The present paper aimed to study the effect on the amount of rhizospheric soil microorganisms and soil enzyme activity of Parisbpolyphylla var.Yunnanens seedlings colonized by Arbuscular mycorrhizal(AM)Fungi.[Method]A pot experiment was conducted and 28 species of AM fungi were inoculated in the seedlings of Paris polyphylla var.yunnanensis.The number of culturable microbes in rhizosphere soil was calculated by the dilution method of plate counting,and the laboratory analysis was used to analyze soil enzyme activity.[Result]The mycorrhizal infection rate of the different AM Fungi treatment groups was in the range of 75% — 100%. The difference of rhizospheric soil microorganism quantity,biomass carbon and soil enzyme activity of Paris polyphylla var.yunnanensis seedlings colonized by different AM Fungi exist.Inoculation with AM fungi increased the number of culturable bacteria and actinomycetes,decreased the number of culturable fungi in rhizosphere soil,and increased the utilization rate of the soil microbial carbon source.It also changed the richness and homogeneity of species in soil and increased the biodiversity of soil.The activities of soil enzymes(protease,urease,phosphatase,catalase and sucrase)in the rhizosphere of Paris polyphylla var.yunnanensis seedlings were increased,especially the activities of phosphatase and sucrase.[Conclusion]AM fungi affected the rhizosphere soil microenvironment of Paris polyphylla var.yunnanensis seedlings in different degrees and provided important theoretical and practical values for the artificial cultivation and application of AM fungi.
[Objective]The present paper aimed to study the effect on the amount of rhizospheric soil microorganisms and soil enzyme activity of Parisbpolyphylla var.Yunnanens seedlings colonized by Arbuscular mycorrhizal(AM)Fungi.[Method]A pot experiment was conducted and 28 species of AM fungi were inoculated in the seedlings of Paris polyphylla var.yunnanensis.The number of culturable microbes in rhizosphere soil was calculated by the dilution method of plate counting,and the laboratory analysis was used to analyze soil enzyme activity.[Result]The mycorrhizal infection rate of the different AM Fungi treatment groups was in the range of 75% — 100%. The difference of rhizospheric soil microorganism quantity,biomass carbon and soil enzyme activity of Paris polyphylla var.yunnanensis seedlings colonized by different AM Fungi exist.Inoculation with AM fungi increased the number of culturable bacteria and actinomycetes,decreased the number of culturable fungi in rhizosphere soil,and increased the utilization rate of the soil microbial carbon source.It also changed the richness and homogeneity of species in soil and increased the biodiversity of soil.The activities of soil enzymes(protease,urease,phosphatase,catalase and sucrase)in the rhizosphere of Paris polyphylla var.yunnanensis seedlings were increased,especially the activities of phosphatase and sucrase.[Conclusion]AM fungi affected the rhizosphere soil microenvironment of Paris polyphylla var.yunnanensis seedlings in different degrees and provided important theoretical and practical values for the artificial cultivation and application of AM fungi.
引文
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[9]闫瑞瑞,闫玉春,辛晓平,等.不同放牧梯度下草甸草原土壤微生物和酶活性研究[J].生态环境学报,2011,20(2):259-265.
[10]谭晓燕,杨润亚,薛军于,等.AM菌剂对葡萄根围土壤微生物数量及酶活性的影响[J].鲁东大学学报:自然科学版,2012,18(1):50-53.
[11]王渭玲,杜俊波,徐福利,等.不同施肥水平对桔梗土壤微生物和土壤酶活性的影响[J].中国中药杂志,2013,38(22):3851-3856.
[12]谷岩,邱强,王振民,等.连作大豆根际微生物群落结构及土壤酶活性[J].中国农业科学,2012,45(19):3955-3964.
[13]欧洪,郭冬琴,林俊杰,等.AM真菌对滇重楼根际土壤微生物数量及酶活性的影响[J].中药材,2016,39(5):948-955.
[14]林先贵.土壤微生物研究原理与方法[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2010.
[15]鲍士旦.土壤农化分析[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2000:14-24.
[16]Phillips J M,Hayman D S.Improved procedures for clearing and attaining parasitic and vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi for rapid assessment of infection[J].Trans Br Mycol Soc,1970,55(1):158-161.
[17]Trouvelot A,Kough J L,Gianinazzi-Pearson V.Mesure du taux demycorrhization VA d'un systeme radiculaire.Recherche de me.thods d'estimation ayant une signification fonctionelle[A].In:Gianinazzi-Pearson V,Gianinazzi S(eds.)Physiological andgenetical aspects of mycorrhizae[M].INRA Press,Paris,1986:217-221.
[18]严君,韩晓增,王树起,等.不同形态氮素对种植大豆土壤中微生物数量及酶活性的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2010,16(2):341-347.
[19]关松荫.土壤酶及其研究法[M].北京:农业出版社,1986.
[20]吴金水,林启美,黄巧云,等.土壤微生物生物量测定方法及其应用[M].北京:气象出版社,2006:54-64.
[21]徐海燕,雷世梅,熊伟,等.丛枝菌根化枳橙根际微生态环境的研究[J].西南大学学报:自然科学版,2012,34(10):65-71.
[22]Susanne K,Veronica A M,Husein A.Microbial community composition and enzyme activities in a sandy loam soil after fumigation with methyl bromide or alternative biocides[J].Soil Biology and Biochemistry,2006,38(6):1243-1254.
[23]薛菁芳,高艳梅,汪景宽,等.土壤微生物量碳氮作为土壤肥力指标的探讨[J].土壤通报,2007,38(2):247-250.
[24]关松荫.土壤酶与土壤肥力[J].土壤通报,1980,12(6):41-44.
[25]AON M A,CABELLO M N,SARENA D E,et al.I.Spatio-temporal patterns of soil microbial and enzymatic activities in an agricultural soil[J].Applied Soil Ecology,2001,18(3):239-254.
[26]张友杰,刘国顺,叶协锋,等.烤烟不同生育期土壤酶及微生物活性的变化[J].土壤,2010,42(1):39-44.
[2]郭欢,曾广萍,刘红玲,等.丛枝菌根真菌对红花根围微生物多样性特征的影响[J].微生物学通报,2013,40(7):1214-1224.
[3]李元敬,刘智蕾,何兴元,等.丛枝菌根共生体中碳、氮代谢及其相互关系[J].应用生态学报,2014,25(3):903-910.
[4]郑舜怡,郭世荣,张钰,等.丛枝菌根真菌对辣椒光合特性及根际微生物多样性和酶活性的影响[J].西北植物学报,2014,34(4):800-809.
[5]Liu Z L,Li Y J,Hou H Y,et al.Differences in the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi-improved rice resistance to low temperature at two N levels:Aspects of N and C metabolism on the plant side[J].Plant Physiology and Biochemistry,2013,71:87-95.
[6]Li Y,Liu Z,Hou H,et al.Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi-enhanced resistance against Phytophthora sojae infenction on soybean leaves is mediated by a network involving hybrogen peroxide,jasmonic acid,and the metabolism of carbon and nitrogen[J].Acta Physiologiae Plantarum,2013,35:3465-3475.
[7]Li T,Hu Y J,Hao Z P,et al.First cloning and characterization of two functional aquaporin genes from an arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Glomus intraradices[J].New Phytologist,2013,197:617-630.
[8]肖艳红,李箐,刘祝祥,等.药用植物根际微生物研究进展[J].中草药,2013,44(4):497-504.
[9]闫瑞瑞,闫玉春,辛晓平,等.不同放牧梯度下草甸草原土壤微生物和酶活性研究[J].生态环境学报,2011,20(2):259-265.
[10]谭晓燕,杨润亚,薛军于,等.AM菌剂对葡萄根围土壤微生物数量及酶活性的影响[J].鲁东大学学报:自然科学版,2012,18(1):50-53.
[11]王渭玲,杜俊波,徐福利,等.不同施肥水平对桔梗土壤微生物和土壤酶活性的影响[J].中国中药杂志,2013,38(22):3851-3856.
[12]谷岩,邱强,王振民,等.连作大豆根际微生物群落结构及土壤酶活性[J].中国农业科学,2012,45(19):3955-3964.
[13]欧洪,郭冬琴,林俊杰,等.AM真菌对滇重楼根际土壤微生物数量及酶活性的影响[J].中药材,2016,39(5):948-955.
[14]林先贵.土壤微生物研究原理与方法[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2010.
[15]鲍士旦.土壤农化分析[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2000:14-24.
[16]Phillips J M,Hayman D S.Improved procedures for clearing and attaining parasitic and vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi for rapid assessment of infection[J].Trans Br Mycol Soc,1970,55(1):158-161.
[17]Trouvelot A,Kough J L,Gianinazzi-Pearson V.Mesure du taux demycorrhization VA d'un systeme radiculaire.Recherche de me.thods d'estimation ayant une signification fonctionelle[A].In:Gianinazzi-Pearson V,Gianinazzi S(eds.)Physiological andgenetical aspects of mycorrhizae[M].INRA Press,Paris,1986:217-221.
[18]严君,韩晓增,王树起,等.不同形态氮素对种植大豆土壤中微生物数量及酶活性的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2010,16(2):341-347.
[19]关松荫.土壤酶及其研究法[M].北京:农业出版社,1986.
[20]吴金水,林启美,黄巧云,等.土壤微生物生物量测定方法及其应用[M].北京:气象出版社,2006:54-64.
[21]徐海燕,雷世梅,熊伟,等.丛枝菌根化枳橙根际微生态环境的研究[J].西南大学学报:自然科学版,2012,34(10):65-71.
[22]Susanne K,Veronica A M,Husein A.Microbial community composition and enzyme activities in a sandy loam soil after fumigation with methyl bromide or alternative biocides[J].Soil Biology and Biochemistry,2006,38(6):1243-1254.
[23]薛菁芳,高艳梅,汪景宽,等.土壤微生物量碳氮作为土壤肥力指标的探讨[J].土壤通报,2007,38(2):247-250.
[24]关松荫.土壤酶与土壤肥力[J].土壤通报,1980,12(6):41-44.
[25]AON M A,CABELLO M N,SARENA D E,et al.I.Spatio-temporal patterns of soil microbial and enzymatic activities in an agricultural soil[J].Applied Soil Ecology,2001,18(3):239-254.
[26]张友杰,刘国顺,叶协锋,等.烤烟不同生育期土壤酶及微生物活性的变化[J].土壤,2010,42(1):39-44.