喀斯特山区土壤侵蚀强度空间分布与风险评价——以贵州省绥阳县为例
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摘要
为探究喀斯特山区土壤侵蚀空间分布特征,进一步探索解决土壤侵蚀造成的土地资源破坏、土壤肥力损失、质地恶化以及石漠化加剧等问题,以贵州省典型喀斯特山区绥阳县为研究区,选取ALOS影像、DEM和社会经济数据,运用人机交互解译方法提取坡度、土地利用及植被覆盖度等指标因子,以GIS空间分析探索土壤侵蚀强度的指标因子相关性、空间特征和风险性评价。结果表明:1)该研究区土壤侵蚀强度的等级面积比依次为:中度(32.35%)>强度(24.55%)>微度(21.28%)>较强度(9.28%)>轻度(6.66%)>剧烈(5.88%),中度侵蚀类型和强度侵蚀类型占主导部分;2)土壤侵蚀强度与坡度的相关系数为0.670,与植被覆盖度的相关系数为0.386,具有显著的正相关关系;3)研究区SEDI指数为423,土壤侵蚀程度达到较重等级,存在较强的潜在风险。其中,研究区东北部、东南部、东部等地SEDI指数最高,绥阳县西南部风华镇一带SEDI指数最低。该研究为预防喀斯特山区土壤退化、改善土壤环境及生态建设具有一定参考意义。
In order to explore the spatial distribution characteristics of soil erosion in karst mountainous areas of southwest China, and solve the problems such as destruction of land resources, soil fertility loss, deterioration of texture and aggravation of rocky desertification, taking Suiyang County of Guizhou Province as the study area,the data on ALOS image, DEM, Socioeconomic are collected, the factors such as slope, land use vegetation coverage were extracted by human-computer interaction interpretation method, and the correlation coefficient, spatial characteristics and risk evaluation of soil erosion intensity were explored by GIS spatial analysis. The results showed that: 1) The area ratio of soil erosion intensity in the study area was: moderate(32.35%)> intensity(24.55%)> micro(21.28%)> intensity(9.28%)> mild(6.66%).2) The correlation coefficient between soil erosion intensity and slope is 0.670, and the correlation coefficient with vegetation coverage is 0.386, which has a significant positive correlation. The correlation coefficient between soil erosion intensity and slope is 0.670, and the correlation coefficient is 0.386. 3) The SEDI index of the study area is 423, and the soil erosion degree reaches the heavier grade, and there is a strong potential risk. The SEDI index was the highest in the northeastern part of the study area, the southeastern part and the eastern part of the study area, and the SEDI index was the lowest in the southwest of Suiyang County. The study has some reference significance for improving the soil environment and ecological construction in the karst mountain area.
In order to explore the spatial distribution characteristics of soil erosion in karst mountainous areas of southwest China, and solve the problems such as destruction of land resources, soil fertility loss, deterioration of texture and aggravation of rocky desertification, taking Suiyang County of Guizhou Province as the study area,the data on ALOS image, DEM, Socioeconomic are collected, the factors such as slope, land use vegetation coverage were extracted by human-computer interaction interpretation method, and the correlation coefficient, spatial characteristics and risk evaluation of soil erosion intensity were explored by GIS spatial analysis. The results showed that: 1) The area ratio of soil erosion intensity in the study area was: moderate(32.35%)> intensity(24.55%)> micro(21.28%)> intensity(9.28%)> mild(6.66%).2) The correlation coefficient between soil erosion intensity and slope is 0.670, and the correlation coefficient with vegetation coverage is 0.386, which has a significant positive correlation. The correlation coefficient between soil erosion intensity and slope is 0.670, and the correlation coefficient is 0.386. 3) The SEDI index of the study area is 423, and the soil erosion degree reaches the heavier grade, and there is a strong potential risk. The SEDI index was the highest in the northeastern part of the study area, the southeastern part and the eastern part of the study area, and the SEDI index was the lowest in the southwest of Suiyang County. The study has some reference significance for improving the soil environment and ecological construction in the karst mountain area.
引文
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[12] 张珊珊,周忠发,孙小涛,等.基于坡度等级的喀斯特山区石漠化与水土流失相关性研究——以贵州省盘县为例[J].水土保持学报,2017(2):79-86.
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[15] 犹珀玉,兰安军,刘发勇,等.喀斯特山区土壤侵蚀危险性评价研究——以贵州省罗甸县为例[J].贵州师范大学学报(自然版),2014,32(3):22-27.
[16] 陈琳,张喜旺,刘剑锋,等.大理河流域土壤侵蚀风险及其空间格局分析[J].测绘科学,2013,38(4):28-30.
[2] 张喜旺,吴炳方.基于SPOT5的密云水库上游土壤侵蚀风险空间格局分析[J].水土保持研究,2010,17(5):17-20.
[3] 万军,蔡运龙,路云阁,等.喀斯特地区土壤侵蚀风险评价——以贵州省关岭布依族苗族自治县为例[J].水土保持研究,2003,10(3):148-153.
[4] 曾凌云,汪美华,李春梅.基于RUSLE的贵州省红枫湖流域土壤侵蚀时空变化特征[J].水文地质工程地质,2011,38(2):113-118.
[5] 赵海兵,安裕伦,夏品华,等.基于GIS的喀斯特流域土壤侵蚀模数估算——以贵阳麦西河流域为例[J].水土保持研究,2011,18(5):99-103.
[6] 张雁,唐丽霞,谭伟.基于GIS的喀斯特地区土壤侵蚀度分析——以贵阳市花溪水库流域花溪区范围为例[J].山地农业生物学报,2013,32(6):522-527.
[7] 中华人民共和国水利部.土壤侵蚀分级分类标准[S].北京:中国水利水电出版社,2008.
[8] 闫利会,周忠发,王媛媛.丹霞地区水土流失遥感评价及空间分异——以贵州省赤水市为例[J].湖北农业科学,2012,51(20):4491-4495.
[9] 韩会庆,蔡广鹏,张凤太,等.基于GIS的喀斯特地区耕地质量评价——以贵州省绥阳县为例[J].水土保持研究,2011,18(6):129-131.
[10] 张珊珊,陈继军,周忠发,等.基于格网GIS的重点生态功能区生态系统敏感性研究:以贵州省雷山县为例[J].环境工程,2017,35(4).
[11] 孙小涛,周忠发,陈全,等.重点生态功能区水土流失敏感性评价与分布研究——以贵州省雷山县为例[J].水土保持学报,2016,30(6):73-78.
[12] 张珊珊,周忠发,孙小涛,等.基于坡度等级的喀斯特山区石漠化与水土流失相关性研究——以贵州省盘县为例[J].水土保持学报,2017(2):79-86.
[13] Shi DM,Shi XR,Li DC,et al.Study dynamic monitoring of soil erosion using remote sensing technology[J].Soil Bulletin,1996,33(1):48-58.
[14] 贾俊姝,计文琦,周心澄,等.基于GIS和RS技术的辽宁省土壤侵蚀强度空间分析[J].西北林学院学报,2009,24(4):46-49.
[15] 犹珀玉,兰安军,刘发勇,等.喀斯特山区土壤侵蚀危险性评价研究——以贵州省罗甸县为例[J].贵州师范大学学报(自然版),2014,32(3):22-27.
[16] 陈琳,张喜旺,刘剑锋,等.大理河流域土壤侵蚀风险及其空间格局分析[J].测绘科学,2013,38(4):28-30.