基于PCA-DEA方法的环保产业绩效评价及实证分析
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摘要
文章从环保产业绩效评价的内涵出发,构建基于"投入—产出"逻辑的绩效框架体系并建立评价指标体系,采用PCA-DEA组合评价方法对全国及主要环保产业集聚区环保产业绩效水平进行评价,评价结果表明:全国及各区域中,只有京津冀的综合技术效率达到了DEA相对有效,表明投入和产出要素的技术和规模效率均为最佳状态;珠三角、长三角和全国综合技术效率均无效,长三角综合技术效率无效的原因是规模效率无效,珠三角和全国是纯技术效率和规模效率均无效导致综合技术效率无效。基于我国及区域环保产业绩效评价结果,从调控环保产业规模、优化投入要素等方面提出了全国及各区域提升绩效水平的对策建议。
Starting from the connotation of efficiency evaluation about environmental protection industry, the framework system is constructed based on input-output logic, and an evaluation index system is established. PCA-DEA is used to evaluate the efficiency of environmental protection industry in China and three major industry agglomeration areas. The results show that only the comprehensive technical efficiency of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region is DEA relatively effective, indicating that the technical and scale efficiency of input and output factors are in the best state. And the comprehensive technical efficiency of the Pearl River Delta region, the Yangtze River Delta region and the whole country are ineffective. The reason for the inefficiency of the Yangtze River Delta region is the scale inefficiency, while the reason for the inefficiency of the Pearl River Delta and the whole country is that the pure technical efficiency and scale efficiency are ineffective. According to the results, some suggestions are put forward to improve the efficiency of national and regional environmental protection industry from the aspects of controlling the scale of environmental protection industry and optimizing the synthesis of input factors.
Starting from the connotation of efficiency evaluation about environmental protection industry, the framework system is constructed based on input-output logic, and an evaluation index system is established. PCA-DEA is used to evaluate the efficiency of environmental protection industry in China and three major industry agglomeration areas. The results show that only the comprehensive technical efficiency of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region is DEA relatively effective, indicating that the technical and scale efficiency of input and output factors are in the best state. And the comprehensive technical efficiency of the Pearl River Delta region, the Yangtze River Delta region and the whole country are ineffective. The reason for the inefficiency of the Yangtze River Delta region is the scale inefficiency, while the reason for the inefficiency of the Pearl River Delta and the whole country is that the pure technical efficiency and scale efficiency are ineffective. According to the results, some suggestions are put forward to improve the efficiency of national and regional environmental protection industry from the aspects of controlling the scale of environmental protection industry and optimizing the synthesis of input factors.
引文
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[28]Hua Z, Bian Y, Liang L. Eco-efficiency analysis of paper mills along the Huai River:An extended DEA approach[J]. Omega,2007, 35(5):578-587.
[29]王艳华，傅泽强，邬娜，等.我国环保产业投入与产出的空间非均衡性分析[J].环境科学研究，2018(4):593-600.
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[32]环境保护部科技标准司.环保产业数据手册[R].北京：中国环保产业协会，2015.
[2]邬娜，傅泽强，王艳华，等.大气环保产业链分析与对策建议[J].环境工程技术学报，2018(3):319-325.
[3]李宝娟，王妍，周景博，等.环保产业绩效评价及产业发展政策设计[M].北京：中国环境出版社，2016.
[4]龙林，陈红枫，李晓晖，等.安徽省环保产业综合评价研究[J].合肥工业大学学报（自然科学版），2011(6):915-919.
[5]陈杰，刘佐菁，陈建新，等.环保产业发展水平评价及区域差异研究——以苏州市为例[J].环境工程，2018(3):159-163.
[6]薛婕，周景博，曹宝，等.中国环境保护产业重点发展区域的经济绩效评价[J].环境污染与防治，2016(2):98-105.
[7]王明石.基于DEA的重污染行业环境绩效评价研究[D].北京：华北电力大学，2017.
[8]Porter M E. Technology and competitive advantage[J]. Journal of Business Strategy, 1985, 5(3):60-78.
[9]Stabell C B, Fjeldstad O D. Configuring value for competitive advantage:On chains, shops, and networks[J]. Strategic Management Journal, 1998, 19(5):413-437.
[10]Kaplinsky R. Export processing zones in the Dominican Republic:Transforming manufactures into commodities[J]. World Development, 2004, 21(11):1851-1865.
[11]Kaplinsky R, Fitter R. Technology and globalisation:Who gains when commodities are de-commodified[J]. International Journal of Technology&Globalisation, 2004, 1(1):5-28(24).
[12]Bucklin L P, Sengupta S. Organizing successful co-marketing alliances[J]. Journal of Marketing, 1993, 57(2):32-46.
[13]Singh R K, Murty H R, Gupta S K, et al. Development of composite sustainability performance index for steel industry[J].Ecological Indicators, 2007, 7(3):565-588.
[14]Pedrasa M A, Spooner T, MacGill I. An energy service decisionSupport tool for optimal energy services acquisition[EB/OL].[2010-04-13]. http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.665.1722&rep=rep1&type=pdf.
[15]Beers C V, Jeroen C J M. Bergh V D. An empirical multi-country analysis of the impact of environmental regulations on foreign trade flows[J]. Kyklos, 1997, 50(1):29-46.
[16]Mohr J, Spekman R. Characteristics of partnership success:Partnership attributes, communication behavior, and conflict resolution techniques[J]. Strategic Management Journal, 1994,15(2):135-152.
[17]Singh R K, Murty H R, Gupta S K, et al. Development of composite sustainability performance index for steel industry[J].Ecological Indicators, 2007, 7(3):565-588.
[18]Handfield R B, Bechtel C. The role of trust and relationship structure in improving supply chain responsiveness[J]. Industrial Marketing Management, 2002, 31(4):367-382.
[19]Van Der V J G A J. Effective food supply chains:Generating,modelling and evaluating supply chain scenarios[J]. Wageningen Universiteit, 2000, 44(6):495-510.
[20]SQW Limited. Exploring the relationship between environmental regulation and competitiveness—Literature review[R]. London:Final Report to the Department for Environment Food and Rural Affairs, 2005.
[21]Domazlicky B R, Weber W L. Does environmental protection lead to slower productivity growth in the chemical industry?[J].Environmental and Resource Economics, 2004, 28(3):301-324.
[22]Morris S A. Environmental pollution and competitive advantage:An exploratory study of US industrial-goods manufacturers[J].Academy of Management Annual Meeting Proceedings, 1997(1):411-415.
[23]Kesidou E, Demirel P. On the drivers of eco-innovations:Empirical evidence from the UK[J]. Research Policy, 2012, 41(5):862-870.
[24]薛婕，周景博，丁凯，等.论环保产业绩效评估框架与指标体系构建[J].环境污染与防治，2013(11):88-92.
[25]邬娜，傅泽强.基于“微笑曲线”的我国环保产业链优化策略[J].环境与可持续发展，2017(4):22-25.
[26]Charnes A, Cooper W W, Rhodes E. Measuring the efficiency of decision making units[J]. European Journal of Operational Research, 1978(62):429-444.
[27]程晓娟，韩庆兰，全春光.基于PCA-DEA组合模型的中国煤炭产业生态效率研究[J].资源科学，2013(6):1282-1299.
[28]Hua Z, Bian Y, Liang L. Eco-efficiency analysis of paper mills along the Huai River:An extended DEA approach[J]. Omega,2007, 35(5):578-587.
[29]王艳华，傅泽强，邬娜，等.我国环保产业投入与产出的空间非均衡性分析[J].环境科学研究，2018(4):593-600.
[30]国家统计局.中国环境统计年鉴（2010)[M].北京：中国统计出版社，2011.
[31]国家统计局.中国环境统计年鉴（2011)[M].北京：中国统计出版社，2012.
[32]环境保护部科技标准司.环保产业数据手册[R].北京：中国环保产业协会，2015.