中国近年PM_(2.5)污染研究进展
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摘要
近年来雾霾天气在中国大面积频发,PM_(2.5)已经成为中国大气颗粒物污染的首要污染物。对中国近年来PM_(2.5)的研究进展进行总结,分析了城市大气及室内环境中PM_(2.5)的来源,阐述了PM_(2.5)对大气能见度、人体健康及人们行为方式的影响,介绍了室内外关于PM_(2.5)的相关性指标以及PM_(2.5)控制的最新技术等,最后对相关研究前景进行分析并提出建议。
With the frequent occurrence of haze weather in large area across China,PM_(2.5) has become the main pollutant of air particulates in China.It was summarized the advances on PM_(2.5) study in China in recent years from the following aspects:the sources of PM_(2.5) in urban atmosphere and indoor environment,the influence of PM_(2.5) on atmospheric visibility,human health and the way of people behavior,the correlation of indoor and outdoor PM_(2.5) concentration,and the latest control technology of PM_(2.5).Finally,the new insights on future researches of PM_(2.5) were explored and some proposals were put forward for the scholars in this area.
With the frequent occurrence of haze weather in large area across China,PM_(2.5) has become the main pollutant of air particulates in China.It was summarized the advances on PM_(2.5) study in China in recent years from the following aspects:the sources of PM_(2.5) in urban atmosphere and indoor environment,the influence of PM_(2.5) on atmospheric visibility,human health and the way of people behavior,the correlation of indoor and outdoor PM_(2.5) concentration,and the latest control technology of PM_(2.5).Finally,the new insights on future researches of PM_(2.5) were explored and some proposals were put forward for the scholars in this area.
引文
[1]张生玲,王雨涵,李跃,等.中国雾霾空间分布特征及影响因素分析[J].中国人口·资源与环境,2017,27(9):15-22.
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[3]朱易,胡衡生,张新英,等.南京市大气颗粒物TSP、PM10、PM2.5污染水平研究[J].环境污染与防治,2004,26(3):176-178.
[4]胡敏,唐倩,彭剑飞,等.我国大气颗粒物来源及特征分析[J].环境与可持续发展,2011(5):15-19.
[5]叶文波.宁波市大气可吸入颗粒物PM10和PM2.5的源解析研究[J].环境污染与防治,2011,33(9):66-69.
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[7]任丽红,周志恩,赵雪艳,等.重庆主城区大气PM10及PM2.5来源解析[J].环境科学研究,2014,27(12):1387-1394.
[8]肖经汗,周家斌,郭浩天,等.采用正定矩阵因子分解法对武汉市夏季某PM2.5样品的来源解析[J].环境污染与防治,2013,35(5):6-12.
[9]张智胜,陶俊,谢绍东,等.成都城区PM2.5季节污染特征及来源解析[J].环境科学学报,2013,33(11):2947-2952.
[10]黄晓锋,云慧,宫照恒,等.深圳大气PM2.5来源解析与二次有机气溶胶估算[J].中国科学:D辑地球科学,2014,44(4):723-734.
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[12]陈曦,杜鹏,关清,等.ICP-MS和ICP-AES用于北京雾霾天气PM2.5来源解析研究[J].光谱学与光谱分析,2015,35(6):1724-1729.
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[14]WANG F,MENG D,LI X,et al.Indoor-outdoor relationships of PM2.5in four residential dwellings in winter in the Yangtze River Delta,China[J].Environmental Pollution,2016,215:280-289.
[15]JI W,ZHAO B.Contribution of outdoor-originating particles,indoor-emitted particles and indoor secondary organic aerosol(SOA)to residential indoor PM2.5 concentration:a modelbased estimation[J].Building and Environment,2015,90:196-205.
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[17]LI T,CAO S,FAN D,et al.Household concentrations and personal exposure of PM2.5 among urban residents using different cooking fuels[J].Science of the Total Environment,2016,548/549:6-12.
[18]ZHOU Z,LIU Y,YUAN J,et al.Indoor PM2.5concentrations in residential buildings during a severely polluted winter:a case study in Tian,China[J].Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews,2016,64:372-381.
[19]孙欢,林忠平,毛华雄.激光打印机PM2.5释放量的实验研究[J].建筑热能通风空调,2016,35(11):44-48.
[20]卢慧剑,金均,王琼真,等.杭州市大气PM2.5消光特性研究[J].环境污染与防治,2016,38(9):53-56.
[21]张浩,石春娥,吴必文,等.合肥市能见度与相对湿度、PM2.5质量浓度的定量关系[J].生态环境学报,2017,26(6):1001-1008.
[22]郝巨飞,张功文,杨允凌.大气能见度及影响因子特征分析[J].干旱区资源与环境,2017,31(4):160-164.
[23]WANG J,ZHANG Y,SHAO M,et al.Quantitative relationship between visibility and mass concentration of PM2.5in Beijing[J].Journal of Environmental Science,2006,18(3):475-481.
[24]CHURG A,BRAUER M.Human lung parenchyma retains PM2.5[J].American Journal of Respiratory&Critical Care Medicine,1997,155(6):2109-2111.
[25]徐建军,张志红,耿红,等.不同工作环境人群PM2.5暴露水平与肺功能的研究[J].环境与健康杂志,2013,30(1):1-4.
[26]XING Y,XU Y,SHI M,et al.The impact of PM2.5on the human respiratory system[J].Journal of Thoracic Disease,2016,8(1):69-74.
[27]段艺珠,黄志军,舒志浩,等.PM2.5污染与心血管系统损害[J].中华心血管病杂志,2014,44(2):179-182.
[28]YEH H L,HSU S W,CHANG Y C,et al.Spatial analysis of ambient PM2.5exposure and bladder cancer mortality in Taiwan[J].International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health,2017,14(5):508-521.
[29]SONG C,HE J,WU L,et al.Heath burden attributable to ambient PM2.5in China[J].Environment Pollution,2017,223:575-586.
[30]李成橙,路凤,刘迎春,等.妊娠期PM2.5暴露与新生儿低出生体重的meta分析[J].环境与健康杂志,2017,34(1):38-42.
[31]陈姣娥,武阳,焦铭,等.过敏与非过敏儿童的室内PM2.5的细胞毒性比较研究[J].环境科学学报,2018,38(1):407-415.
[32]涂宏.南昌市城区PM2.5的污染特征及其与儿童健康关系的研究[D].南昌:南昌大学,2016.
[33]顾金土,谢花.南京居民的雾霾风险认知及应对行为调查研究[J].环境科学与管理,2015,40(3):187-189.
[34]SHI S,ZHAO B.Occupants’interaction with windows in 8residential apartments in Beijing and Nanjing,China[J].Building Simulation,2015,9(2):221-231.
[35]南宇,孙建飞.雾霾对游客出游决策的影响探讨[J].广州大学学报(社会科学版),2015,14(10):35-41.
[36]王清勤,李国柱,孟冲,等.室外细颗粒物(PM2.5)建筑围护结构穿透及被动控制措施[J].暖通空调,2015,45(12).
[37]谢伟,樊越胜,黄亦平,等.自然通风室内外PM10、PM2.5、PM1.0污染特征[J].洁净与空调技术,2015(3):51-55.
[38]张敏,钱华,郑晓红,等.南京某幼儿园室内外细颗粒物(PM2.5)质量浓度调查及影响因素分析[J].暖通空调,2016,46(6):20-25.
[39]陈超,万亚丽,陈紫光,等.基于大气PM2.5污染的建筑外窗缝隙通风次数动态变化特性[J].北京工业大学学报,2017,43(2):285-293.
[40]赵力,陈超,王平,等.北京市某办公建筑夏冬季室内外PM2.5浓度变化特征[J].建筑科学,2015,31(4):32-39.
[41]李国柱.多因素下PM2.5外窗穿透及控制研究[D].北京:中国建筑科学研究院,2016.
[42]THATCHER T L,LUNDEN M M,REVZAN K L,et al.Aconcentration rebound method for measuring particle penetration and deposition in the indoor environment[J].Aerosol Science and Technology,2003,37(11):847-864.
[43]LIU D L,NAZAROFF W W.Modeling pollutant penetration across building envelopes[J].Atomspheric Enviroment,2001,35(26):4451-4462.
[44]TIAN L,ZHANG G,LIN Y,et al.Mathematical model of particle penetration through smooth/rough building envelop leakages[J].Building and Environment,2009,44(6):1144-1149.
[45]田利伟,张国强,于靖华.颗粒物在建筑围护结构缝隙中穿透机理的数学模型[J].湖南大学学报(自然科学版),2008,35(10):12-15.
[46]LI A,REN T,YANG C,et al.Study on particle penetration through straight,L,Z and wedge-shaped cracks in buildings[J].Building and Environment,2017,114:333-343.
[47]高照,王新轲.颗粒物对围护结构的穿透系数与换气次数关系的探讨[J].暖通空调,2016,46(6):14-19.
[48]李国柱,王清勤,赵力,等.建筑围护结构颗粒物穿透及其影响因素[J].建筑科学,2015,31(增刊1):72-76.
[49]曹国庆,谢慧,赵申.公共建筑室内PM2.5污染控制策略研究[J].建筑科学,2015,31(4):40-44.
[50]涂有,涂光备.通风用空气过滤器的细颗粒物(PM2.5)过滤效率研究[J].暖通空调,2016,46(5):49-54.
[51]ZHAO X,LI Y,HUA T,et al.Low-resistance dual-purpose air filter releasing negative ions and effectively capturing PM2.5[J].ACS Applied Materials&Interfaces,2017,9(13):12054-12063.
[52]ZHANG R,LIU C,HSU P C,et al.Nanofiber air filters with high-temperature stability for efficient PM2.5 removal from the pollution sources[J].Nano Letters,2016,16(6):3642-3649.
[53]曾江月,张少凡,张建忠.空气过滤器对PM2.5的适用性及能耗研究[J].建筑热能通风空调,2017,36(4):22-25.
[54]NABIL N.The impact of air filter pressure drop on the performance of typical air-conditioning systems[J].Building Simulation,2012,5(4):345-350.
[55]崔晶晶,杨学宾,沈恒根,等.不同过滤单元的室内空气净化器实验研究[J].暖通空调,2017,47(2):54-59.
[56]殷路.空气净化器对通风房间颗粒态污染物捕集的研究[D].上海:东华大学,2009.
[2]HE K B,YANG F M,MA Y L,et al.The characteristics of PM2.5in Beijing,China[J].Atmospheric Environment,2001,35(29):4959-4970.
[3]朱易,胡衡生,张新英,等.南京市大气颗粒物TSP、PM10、PM2.5污染水平研究[J].环境污染与防治,2004,26(3):176-178.
[4]胡敏,唐倩,彭剑飞,等.我国大气颗粒物来源及特征分析[J].环境与可持续发展,2011(5):15-19.
[5]叶文波.宁波市大气可吸入颗粒物PM10和PM2.5的源解析研究[J].环境污染与防治,2011,33(9):66-69.
[6]唐邈.天津市环境空气PM2.5来源解析[D].天津:南开大学,2014.
[7]任丽红,周志恩,赵雪艳,等.重庆主城区大气PM10及PM2.5来源解析[J].环境科学研究,2014,27(12):1387-1394.
[8]肖经汗,周家斌,郭浩天,等.采用正定矩阵因子分解法对武汉市夏季某PM2.5样品的来源解析[J].环境污染与防治,2013,35(5):6-12.
[9]张智胜,陶俊,谢绍东,等.成都城区PM2.5季节污染特征及来源解析[J].环境科学学报,2013,33(11):2947-2952.
[10]黄晓锋,云慧,宫照恒,等.深圳大气PM2.5来源解析与二次有机气溶胶估算[J].中国科学:D辑地球科学,2014,44(4):723-734.
[11]ZONG Z,WANG X,TIAN C,et al.Source apportionment of PM2.5at a regional background site in North China using PMF linked with radiocarbon analysis:insight into the contribution of biomass burning[J].Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics,2016,16(17):11249-11265.
[12]陈曦,杜鹏,关清,等.ICP-MS和ICP-AES用于北京雾霾天气PM2.5来源解析研究[J].光谱学与光谱分析,2015,35(6):1724-1729.
[13]黄虹,李顺诚,曹军骥,等.广州市夏、冬季室内外PM2.5质量浓度的特征[J].环境污染与防治,2006,28(12):956-958.
[14]WANG F,MENG D,LI X,et al.Indoor-outdoor relationships of PM2.5in four residential dwellings in winter in the Yangtze River Delta,China[J].Environmental Pollution,2016,215:280-289.
[15]JI W,ZHAO B.Contribution of outdoor-originating particles,indoor-emitted particles and indoor secondary organic aerosol(SOA)to residential indoor PM2.5 concentration:a modelbased estimation[J].Building and Environment,2015,90:196-205.
[16]HAN Y,QI M,CHEN Y,et al.Influences of ambient air PM2.5concentration and meteorological condition on the indoor PM2.5concentrations in a residential apartment in Beijing using a new approach[J].Environmental Pollution,2015,205:307-314.
[17]LI T,CAO S,FAN D,et al.Household concentrations and personal exposure of PM2.5 among urban residents using different cooking fuels[J].Science of the Total Environment,2016,548/549:6-12.
[18]ZHOU Z,LIU Y,YUAN J,et al.Indoor PM2.5concentrations in residential buildings during a severely polluted winter:a case study in Tian,China[J].Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews,2016,64:372-381.
[19]孙欢,林忠平,毛华雄.激光打印机PM2.5释放量的实验研究[J].建筑热能通风空调,2016,35(11):44-48.
[20]卢慧剑,金均,王琼真,等.杭州市大气PM2.5消光特性研究[J].环境污染与防治,2016,38(9):53-56.
[21]张浩,石春娥,吴必文,等.合肥市能见度与相对湿度、PM2.5质量浓度的定量关系[J].生态环境学报,2017,26(6):1001-1008.
[22]郝巨飞,张功文,杨允凌.大气能见度及影响因子特征分析[J].干旱区资源与环境,2017,31(4):160-164.
[23]WANG J,ZHANG Y,SHAO M,et al.Quantitative relationship between visibility and mass concentration of PM2.5in Beijing[J].Journal of Environmental Science,2006,18(3):475-481.
[24]CHURG A,BRAUER M.Human lung parenchyma retains PM2.5[J].American Journal of Respiratory&Critical Care Medicine,1997,155(6):2109-2111.
[25]徐建军,张志红,耿红,等.不同工作环境人群PM2.5暴露水平与肺功能的研究[J].环境与健康杂志,2013,30(1):1-4.
[26]XING Y,XU Y,SHI M,et al.The impact of PM2.5on the human respiratory system[J].Journal of Thoracic Disease,2016,8(1):69-74.
[27]段艺珠,黄志军,舒志浩,等.PM2.5污染与心血管系统损害[J].中华心血管病杂志,2014,44(2):179-182.
[28]YEH H L,HSU S W,CHANG Y C,et al.Spatial analysis of ambient PM2.5exposure and bladder cancer mortality in Taiwan[J].International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health,2017,14(5):508-521.
[29]SONG C,HE J,WU L,et al.Heath burden attributable to ambient PM2.5in China[J].Environment Pollution,2017,223:575-586.
[30]李成橙,路凤,刘迎春,等.妊娠期PM2.5暴露与新生儿低出生体重的meta分析[J].环境与健康杂志,2017,34(1):38-42.
[31]陈姣娥,武阳,焦铭,等.过敏与非过敏儿童的室内PM2.5的细胞毒性比较研究[J].环境科学学报,2018,38(1):407-415.
[32]涂宏.南昌市城区PM2.5的污染特征及其与儿童健康关系的研究[D].南昌:南昌大学,2016.
[33]顾金土,谢花.南京居民的雾霾风险认知及应对行为调查研究[J].环境科学与管理,2015,40(3):187-189.
[34]SHI S,ZHAO B.Occupants’interaction with windows in 8residential apartments in Beijing and Nanjing,China[J].Building Simulation,2015,9(2):221-231.
[35]南宇,孙建飞.雾霾对游客出游决策的影响探讨[J].广州大学学报(社会科学版),2015,14(10):35-41.
[36]王清勤,李国柱,孟冲,等.室外细颗粒物(PM2.5)建筑围护结构穿透及被动控制措施[J].暖通空调,2015,45(12).
[37]谢伟,樊越胜,黄亦平,等.自然通风室内外PM10、PM2.5、PM1.0污染特征[J].洁净与空调技术,2015(3):51-55.
[38]张敏,钱华,郑晓红,等.南京某幼儿园室内外细颗粒物(PM2.5)质量浓度调查及影响因素分析[J].暖通空调,2016,46(6):20-25.
[39]陈超,万亚丽,陈紫光,等.基于大气PM2.5污染的建筑外窗缝隙通风次数动态变化特性[J].北京工业大学学报,2017,43(2):285-293.
[40]赵力,陈超,王平,等.北京市某办公建筑夏冬季室内外PM2.5浓度变化特征[J].建筑科学,2015,31(4):32-39.
[41]李国柱.多因素下PM2.5外窗穿透及控制研究[D].北京:中国建筑科学研究院,2016.
[42]THATCHER T L,LUNDEN M M,REVZAN K L,et al.Aconcentration rebound method for measuring particle penetration and deposition in the indoor environment[J].Aerosol Science and Technology,2003,37(11):847-864.
[43]LIU D L,NAZAROFF W W.Modeling pollutant penetration across building envelopes[J].Atomspheric Enviroment,2001,35(26):4451-4462.
[44]TIAN L,ZHANG G,LIN Y,et al.Mathematical model of particle penetration through smooth/rough building envelop leakages[J].Building and Environment,2009,44(6):1144-1149.
[45]田利伟,张国强,于靖华.颗粒物在建筑围护结构缝隙中穿透机理的数学模型[J].湖南大学学报(自然科学版),2008,35(10):12-15.
[46]LI A,REN T,YANG C,et al.Study on particle penetration through straight,L,Z and wedge-shaped cracks in buildings[J].Building and Environment,2017,114:333-343.
[47]高照,王新轲.颗粒物对围护结构的穿透系数与换气次数关系的探讨[J].暖通空调,2016,46(6):14-19.
[48]李国柱,王清勤,赵力,等.建筑围护结构颗粒物穿透及其影响因素[J].建筑科学,2015,31(增刊1):72-76.
[49]曹国庆,谢慧,赵申.公共建筑室内PM2.5污染控制策略研究[J].建筑科学,2015,31(4):40-44.
[50]涂有,涂光备.通风用空气过滤器的细颗粒物(PM2.5)过滤效率研究[J].暖通空调,2016,46(5):49-54.
[51]ZHAO X,LI Y,HUA T,et al.Low-resistance dual-purpose air filter releasing negative ions and effectively capturing PM2.5[J].ACS Applied Materials&Interfaces,2017,9(13):12054-12063.
[52]ZHANG R,LIU C,HSU P C,et al.Nanofiber air filters with high-temperature stability for efficient PM2.5 removal from the pollution sources[J].Nano Letters,2016,16(6):3642-3649.
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