神经科学与神经精神疾病领域的中美资助布局研究
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摘要
通过对美国NIH和NSF、我国NSFC、"973计划"和国家重点研发计划在神经科学、神经疾病、精神疾病领域所资助研究项目进行分析,探索两国的研究布局与发展,发现美国在2009、2010年的ARRA政策及2013—2017年的BRAIN计划之后,显著提高了该领域的投入,重点资助神经科学基础研究和技术开发,疾病领域则主要关注神经退行性疾病、抑郁症、精神分裂症和自闭症。我国在该领域的资助力度自"十二五"规划以来得到大力提升,对神经疾病的投入均远高于精神疾病和神经科学,在中风等脑血管疾病领域资助力度最大,神经科学基础技术的开发等主要布局于"973计划"和国家重点研发计划中。
Through the analysis of research projects funded by the US National Institutes of Health( NIH),National Nature Science Foundation of China( NSFC),"973 program"and national key R&D programs in the fields of neuroscience,neurological disorders and mental health/diseases,the research layout and development of the two countries are explored. It is discovered that in the US,NIH significantly increased its investment in this area following the ARRA policy of 2009 and2010,and the"BRAIN Program"of 2013-2017,with a focus on funding basic research and technology development in neuroscience. Investments in the disease field focused on neurodegenerative diseases and dementia,depression,schizophrenia and autism. Since the 12 th Five-Year Plan,China's financial support in these areas has been greatly enhanced,and the investments in neurological diseases are much higher than those of mental diseases and neuroscience. NSFC has provided the largest financial support in the field of stroke and other cerebrovascular diseases. The development of basic neuroscience technology is primarily supported by the"973 Program"and the National key R&D programs.
Through the analysis of research projects funded by the US National Institutes of Health( NIH),National Nature Science Foundation of China( NSFC),"973 program"and national key R&D programs in the fields of neuroscience,neurological disorders and mental health/diseases,the research layout and development of the two countries are explored. It is discovered that in the US,NIH significantly increased its investment in this area following the ARRA policy of 2009 and2010,and the"BRAIN Program"of 2013-2017,with a focus on funding basic research and technology development in neuroscience. Investments in the disease field focused on neurodegenerative diseases and dementia,depression,schizophrenia and autism. Since the 12 th Five-Year Plan,China's financial support in these areas has been greatly enhanced,and the investments in neurological diseases are much higher than those of mental diseases and neuroscience. NSFC has provided the largest financial support in the field of stroke and other cerebrovascular diseases. The development of basic neuroscience technology is primarily supported by the"973 Program"and the National key R&D programs.
引文
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[2]贾建平.神经病学[M].北京:人民卫生出版社,2009.JIA J P.Neurology[M].Beijing:People's Medical Publishing House,2009.
[3]沈渔邨.精神病学[M].5版.北京:人民卫生出版社,2009.SHEN Y C.Psychiatry[M].5th Ed.Beijing:People's Medical Publishing House,2009.
[4]President Obama.2013 Remarks by the President on the BRAIN Initiative and American Innovation[R].Washington DC:The White House,2013.
[5]BRAIN Working Group.BRAIN 2025:a Scientific Vision[R].Bethesda:National Institutes of Health,2014.
[6]JEONG S J,LEE H,HUR E M.Korea Brain Initiative:Integration and Control of Brain Functions[J].Neuron,2016.92(3):607-611.
[7]杨婕,姚财福.人工智能各国战略解读:欧盟人脑计划[J].电信网技术,2017(2):50-51.YANG J,YAO C F.Interpretation of the Artificial Intelligence Strategy in Concerned Countries:EUHuman Brain Project[J].Telecommunications Network Technology,2017(2):50-51.
[8]HIDEYUKI O,ERIKA S,TETSUO Y,et al.Brain/MINDS:A Japanese National Brain Project for Marmoset Neuroscience[J].Neuron,2016,92(3):582-590.
[9]RICHARDS L R,MICHIE P T,BADCOCK D R.Australian Brain Alliance[J].Neuron,2016,92(3):597-600.
[10]佚名.脑、认知、人工智能[J].高科技与产业化,2017(3):32-33.Anon.Brain,Cognition,Artificial Intelligence[J].High-Technology&Commercialization,2017(3):32-33.
[11]国务院.国务院关于印发“十三五”国家科技创新规划的通知[EB/OL].2016-07-28.http://www.gov.cn/zhengce/content/2016-08/08/content_5098072.htm.The State Council of P.R.C..Circular of the State Council on the Issuance of the National Science and Technology Innovation Plan for the 13th Five-Year Plan[EB/OL].2016-07-28.http://www.gov.cn/zhengce/content/2016-08/08/content_5098072.htm.
[12]阮梅花,袁天蔚,王慧媛,等.神经科学和类脑人工智能发展:未来路径与中国布局---基于业界百位专家调研访谈[J].生命科学,2017,29(02):97-113.
[13]国务院.国务院印发关于深化中央财政科技计划(专项、基金等)管理改革方案的通知[EB/OL].2015-01-07.http://www.most.gov.cn/ztzl/shzyczkjjhglgg/wjfb/201501/t20150107_117294.htm.The State Council of P.R.C..Circular on Deepening the Management Reform Plan of the Central Financial Science and Technology Plan(Special Projects,Funds,etc.)[EB/OL].2015-01-07.http://www.most.gov.cn/ztzl/shzyczkjjhglgg/wjfb/201501/t20150107_117294.htm.
[14]NIH.NIH RePORTER[DB/OL].2018-12-03.https://projectreporter.nih.gov/.
[15]NSF.NSF Award Search:Advanced Search[DB/OL].2019-03-12.https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/advancedSearch.jsp.
[16]国家自然科学基金委员会,国家自然科学基金管理信息系统[DB/OL].2018-12-10.https://isisn.nsfc.gov.cn/egrantweb/.National Natural Science Foundation of China.Internet-Based Science Information System[DB/OL].2018-12-10.https://isisn.nsfc.gov.cn/egrantweb/.
[17]国家自然科学基金委员会.国家自然科学基金发展规划[EB/OL].2017-11-10.http://www.nsfc.gov.cn/csc/20313/20287/index.html.National Natural Science Foundation of China.Development Plan of National Natural Science Foundation of China.[EB/OL].2017-11-10.http://www.nsfc.gov.cn/csc/20313/20287/index.html.
[18]陈昕,熊潇磊,龚时薇.中美政府资助罕见病与罕用药科研基金项目的比较分析[J].中国医院药学杂志,2016,36(12):961-963,1002.CHEN X,XIONG X L,GONG S W.Comparative Analysis of Government Sponsored Research Fund Projects of Rare Diseases and Orphan Drugs between China and USA[J].Chinese Journal of Hospital Pharmacy,2016,36(12):961-963,1002.
[19]李爱花,唐小利.美、英及我国政府对单细胞测序研究及应用领域的基金资助[J].中华医学图书情报杂志,2017,26(9):44-51.LI A H,TANG X L.Foundation Support for Studies on Single-Cell Sequencing and Its Application in USA,Britain and China[J].Chinese Journal of Medical Library and Information Science,2017,26(9):44-51.
[20]单连慧,安新颖,胥美美,等.眼科学领域创新发展态势分析[J].中华眼科杂志,2018,54(6):452-463.SHAN L H,AN X Y,XU M M.Analysis on the Trend of Innovation and Development in the Field of Ophthalmology[J].Chinese Journal of Ophthalmology,2018,54(6):452-463.