本地种芦苇缓解湿地外来入侵种互花米草的化感作用
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摘要
外来入侵种互花米草(Spartina alterniflora)是我国滨海湿地的主要外来入侵植物之一,对当地的植物群落造成极大的破坏.利用本地种防治外来入侵种是一种高效、经济且安全的生物防治方法.本研究基于以本地优势种芦苇(Phragmites australis)抑制外来入侵种互花米草的防治策略,采用种子萌发实验,探讨不同浸提液(即:互花米草、芦苇、二者1∶1等重混合)对供试植物黑麦草(Lolium perenne)和碱蓬(Suaeda salsa)的种子萌发与幼苗生长的影响.结果表明,互花米草浸提液表现出明显的化感抑制作用,显著地降低了黑麦草和碱蓬的种子萌发与幼苗生长;芦苇虽然也有化感作用,但是它对黑麦草和碱蓬的抑制效果没有互花米草的作用显著;与互花米草浸提液相比,混合浸提液显著提高了黑麦草的种子萌发,虽然对碱蓬表现出化感抑制趋势,但是它的抑制效果没有互花米草的作用显著.因此,芦苇表现出缓解互花米草化感作用的潜力,为其抵御互花米草入侵的生物防治策略提供重要的科学依据.
The alien invasive species Spartina alterniflora is one of the worst invasive plants in the coastal wetlands of China, causing great damages to the local plant communities. Adopting the local species to control the alien invasive is considered as an efficient, economical and environmental-safe biological control method. Basing on the prevention of the alien invasive S. alterniflora by the native dominant plant Phragmites australis, this study conducts the seed germination experiment to investigate the allelopathic effects on seed germination and seedling growth of Lolium perenne and Suaeda salsa by different extracts(ie, S. alterniflora, P. australis, and their 1:1 mixture with dry weight ratio). The results show that S. alterniflora extract represents significant allelopathic inhibitions, and it significantly reduces the seed germination and seedling growth of both L. perenne and S. salsa. Although P. australishas allelopathic effects, its inhibitory effects on L. perenne and S. salsa are much weaker than those by S. alterniflora. However, the mixture extract of both S. alterniflora and P. australis significantly increases the seed germination of L. perenne, but it slightly decreases that of S. salsa, when compared with that by S.alterniflora. Therefore, P. australis demonstrates the potentiality to mitigate the allelopathic effects by S. alterniflora, and it provides an insight into the biological control strategy against S. alterniflora invasion.
The alien invasive species Spartina alterniflora is one of the worst invasive plants in the coastal wetlands of China, causing great damages to the local plant communities. Adopting the local species to control the alien invasive is considered as an efficient, economical and environmental-safe biological control method. Basing on the prevention of the alien invasive S. alterniflora by the native dominant plant Phragmites australis, this study conducts the seed germination experiment to investigate the allelopathic effects on seed germination and seedling growth of Lolium perenne and Suaeda salsa by different extracts(ie, S. alterniflora, P. australis, and their 1:1 mixture with dry weight ratio). The results show that S. alterniflora extract represents significant allelopathic inhibitions, and it significantly reduces the seed germination and seedling growth of both L. perenne and S. salsa. Although P. australishas allelopathic effects, its inhibitory effects on L. perenne and S. salsa are much weaker than those by S. alterniflora. However, the mixture extract of both S. alterniflora and P. australis significantly increases the seed germination of L. perenne, but it slightly decreases that of S. salsa, when compared with that by S.alterniflora. Therefore, P. australis demonstrates the potentiality to mitigate the allelopathic effects by S. alterniflora, and it provides an insight into the biological control strategy against S. alterniflora invasion.
引文
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[13] 李愈哲,樊江文,尹昕,等.入侵植物加拿大一枝黄花与乡土植物芦苇的相互化感作用[J].应用生态学报,2011,22(5):1373-1380.
[14] 付为国,田远飞,汤涓涓,等.芦苇浸提液对虉草种子萌发及幼苗生长生理特性的影响[J].广西植物,2013,33(2):154-158.
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[16] 毛培利,成文连,刘玉虹,等.滨海不同生境下盐地碱蓬生物量分配特征研究[J].生态环境学报,2011,20(8):1214-1220.
[17] 曾任森.化感作用研究中的生物测定方法综述[J].应用生态学报,1999(1):123-126.
[18]中华人民共和国国家质量监督检验检疫总局,中国国家标准化管理委员会.国家农作物种子检验规程:GB/T3543.1-3543.7-1995[S].北京:中国标准出版社,1995.
[19] WILLIAMSON G B ,RICHARDSON D.Bioassays for allelopathy:Measuring treatment responses with independent controls[J].Journal of Chemical Ecology,1988,14(1):181-187.
[20] WILLIS R J.The history of allelopathy[M].Dordrecht (Nether-lands):Springer NaturePress,2007:1-14.
[21] BONALDO R M,HAY M E,TILMANN H.Seaweed-coral interactions:Variance in seaweed allelopathy,Coral susceptibility,and potential effects on coral resilience[J].PLoS ONE,2014,9(1):e85786.
[22] 孔垂华,胡飞,王朋.植物化感 (相生相克) 作用[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2016:1-7.
[23] 杨坚.互花米草对红树植物化感作用的初步研究[D].厦门:厦门大学,2007.
[24] RUDRAPPA T,BONSALL J,GALLAGHER J L,et al.Root-secreted allelochemical in the noxious weedphragmites australisdeploys a reactive oxygen species response and microtubule assembly disruption to execute rhizotoxicity[J].Journal of Chemical Ecology,2007,33(10):1898-1918.
[25] 张茜,赵福庚,钦佩.苏北盐沼芦苇替代互花米草的化感效应初步研究[J].南京大学学报(自然科学版),2007,43(2):119-126.
[26] RENNE I J,SINN B T,SHOOK G W,et al.Eavesdropping in plants:delayed germination via biochemical recognition[J].Journal of Ecology,2014,102(1):86-94.
[2] 王卿,安树青,马志军,等.入侵植物互花米草——生物学、生态学及管理[J].植物分类学报,2006,44(5):559-588.
[3] KNOTT C A,WEBSTER E,NABUKALU P.Control of smooth cordgrass (Spartina alterniflora) seedlings with four herbicides[J].J Aquat Plant Manage,2013,51:132-135.
[4] GAO Y,YAN W L,LI B,et al.The substantial influences of non-resource conditions on recovery of plants:A case study of clipped Spartina alterniflora asphyxiated by submergence[J].Ecological Engineering,2014,73:345-352.
[5] MESSING R H,WRIGHT M G.Biological control of invasive species:solution or pollution?[J].Front Ecol Environ,2006,4(3):132-140.
[6] BAIS H P,VEPACHEDU R,GILROY S,et al.Allelopathy and exotic plant invasion:From molecules and genes to species interactions[J].Science,2003,301(5638):1377-1380.
[7] FERGUSON J J,RATHINASABAPATHI B,CHASECA.Allelopathy:How plants suppress other plants[C]//University of Florida Cooperative Extension Service,Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences,EDIS,Gainesville:2003:1-2.
[8] CALLAWAY R M,RIDENOUR W M.Novel Weapons:Invasive success and the evolution of increased competitive ability[J].Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment,2004,2(8):436-443.
[9] 仝川,雍石泉,孙东耀,等.互花米草不同器官水浸液对3种红树植物幼苗的化感作用[J].亚热带资源与环境学报,2017,12(3):10-18.
[10] 陈依婷,乔文慧,曾从盛.闽江河口入侵植物互花米草对短叶茳芏的化感效应[J].应用海洋学学报,2018,37(1):45-52.
[11] FINLAYSON M,CRUZ R D,DAVIDSON N,et al.Millennium ecosystem assessment:Ecosystems and human well-being:wetlands and water synthesis[J].Data Fusion Concepts & Ideas,2005,656(1):87-98.
[12] BAINS G,KUMAR A S,RUDRAPPA T,et al.Native plant and microbial contributions to a negative plant-plant interaction[J].Plant Physiology,2009,151(4):2145-2151.
[13] 李愈哲,樊江文,尹昕,等.入侵植物加拿大一枝黄花与乡土植物芦苇的相互化感作用[J].应用生态学报,2011,22(5):1373-1380.
[14] 付为国,田远飞,汤涓涓,等.芦苇浸提液对虉草种子萌发及幼苗生长生理特性的影响[J].广西植物,2013,33(2):154-158.
[15] YUAN Y,ZHANG C,LI D.The effect of artificial mowing on the competition of Phragmites australis and Spartina alterniflorain the Yangtze Estuary[J].Scientifica,2017(7):1-8.
[16] 毛培利,成文连,刘玉虹,等.滨海不同生境下盐地碱蓬生物量分配特征研究[J].生态环境学报,2011,20(8):1214-1220.
[17] 曾任森.化感作用研究中的生物测定方法综述[J].应用生态学报,1999(1):123-126.
[18]中华人民共和国国家质量监督检验检疫总局,中国国家标准化管理委员会.国家农作物种子检验规程:GB/T3543.1-3543.7-1995[S].北京:中国标准出版社,1995.
[19] WILLIAMSON G B ,RICHARDSON D.Bioassays for allelopathy:Measuring treatment responses with independent controls[J].Journal of Chemical Ecology,1988,14(1):181-187.
[20] WILLIS R J.The history of allelopathy[M].Dordrecht (Nether-lands):Springer NaturePress,2007:1-14.
[21] BONALDO R M,HAY M E,TILMANN H.Seaweed-coral interactions:Variance in seaweed allelopathy,Coral susceptibility,and potential effects on coral resilience[J].PLoS ONE,2014,9(1):e85786.
[22] 孔垂华,胡飞,王朋.植物化感 (相生相克) 作用[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2016:1-7.
[23] 杨坚.互花米草对红树植物化感作用的初步研究[D].厦门:厦门大学,2007.
[24] RUDRAPPA T,BONSALL J,GALLAGHER J L,et al.Root-secreted allelochemical in the noxious weedphragmites australisdeploys a reactive oxygen species response and microtubule assembly disruption to execute rhizotoxicity[J].Journal of Chemical Ecology,2007,33(10):1898-1918.
[25] 张茜,赵福庚,钦佩.苏北盐沼芦苇替代互花米草的化感效应初步研究[J].南京大学学报(自然科学版),2007,43(2):119-126.
[26] RENNE I J,SINN B T,SHOOK G W,et al.Eavesdropping in plants:delayed germination via biochemical recognition[J].Journal of Ecology,2014,102(1):86-94.