亚热带常绿阔叶林土壤活性有机碳组分季节动态特征
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摘要
作为土壤质量的重要指标,活性有机碳(SLOC)在土壤物理、化学和生物特性中发挥着重要作用。本研究依托中国科学院会同森林生态试验站,于2016年12月-2017年12月,通过对亚热带常绿阔叶林(烤林)不同季节土壤进行采样和分析,系统地研究和比较了亚热带常绿阔叶林土壤活性有机碳组分季节动态特征。结果表明,(1)不同季节亚热带常绿阔叶林土壤养分和有效养分均大致表现为夏季>秋季>春季>冬季,其中不同季节土壤全磷含量差异不显著(P>0.05)。(2)土壤易氧化有机碳(EOC)、颗粒有机碳(POC)、轻组有机碳(LFOC)和水溶性有机碳(WSOC)具有明显的季节动态,均表现为夏、秋季较高,春、冬季较低。(3)亚热带常绿阔叶林土壤微生物量碳(SMBC)和微生物量氮(SMBN)均大致表现为夏季>秋季>春季>冬季,其中夏季和秋季差异不显著(P>0.05),春季和冬季差异不显著(P>0.05),夏季和秋季显著高于春季和冬季(P<0.05),而不同季节SMBC/SMBN差异不显著(P>0.05)。(4)土壤活性有机碳与土壤总有机碳均呈显著线性关系,说明土壤活性有机碳依赖于土壤总有机碳含量,各自从不同角度表征了土壤中活性较高部分碳的含量。(5)亚热带常绿阔叶林土壤EOC、POC、LFOC、WSOC和SMBC与SOC、TN均呈显著或极显著相关性,与TP相关性不显著;活性有机碳各组分之间相互影响和密切联系,其中SOC、TN是亚热带常绿阔叶林土壤活性有机碳变化的重要影响因素。
As an essential indicator of soil quality, soil labile organic carbon(SLOC) and its fractions play an important role in many soil chemical, physical and biological properties. Here, a field experiment was conducted to determine the seasonal dynamics and content of soil labile organic carbon in subtropical evergreen broadleaved forest. The results as follows:(1) The soil nutrients and available nutrients had a similar change trend with the order of summer>autumn>spring>winter, while the soil total phosphorus had no significant difference in different seasons(P>0.05).(2) Easily oxidized organic carbon(EOC), particulate organic carbon(POC),light organic carbon(LFOC) and water-soluble organic carbon(WSOC) had the obvious seasonal dynamics, which showed summer>autumn>spring> winter.(3) Soil microbial biomass carbon(SMBC) and soil microbial biomass nitrogen(SMBN) also had the obvious seasonal dynamics, which showed summer>autumn>spring>winter, and SMBC and SMBN in summer and autumn were significantly higher than that of spring and winter(P<0.05), while SMBC/SMBN had no significant difference in different seasons(P>0.05).(4) There was a significant linear relationship between SOC and SLOC, indicating that soil active organic carbon depended on soil total organic carbon content. And(5) there was a significant relationship among EOC, POC, LFOC, WSOC, SMBC and soil organic carbon(SOC), total nitrogen(TN), while no significant relationship with total phosphorus(TP), which suggested that the components of soil labile organic carbon were closely related, and SOC and TN was the mainly driving factors to soil labile organic carbon in subtropical evergreen broadleaved forest.
As an essential indicator of soil quality, soil labile organic carbon(SLOC) and its fractions play an important role in many soil chemical, physical and biological properties. Here, a field experiment was conducted to determine the seasonal dynamics and content of soil labile organic carbon in subtropical evergreen broadleaved forest. The results as follows:(1) The soil nutrients and available nutrients had a similar change trend with the order of summer>autumn>spring>winter, while the soil total phosphorus had no significant difference in different seasons(P>0.05).(2) Easily oxidized organic carbon(EOC), particulate organic carbon(POC),light organic carbon(LFOC) and water-soluble organic carbon(WSOC) had the obvious seasonal dynamics, which showed summer>autumn>spring> winter.(3) Soil microbial biomass carbon(SMBC) and soil microbial biomass nitrogen(SMBN) also had the obvious seasonal dynamics, which showed summer>autumn>spring>winter, and SMBC and SMBN in summer and autumn were significantly higher than that of spring and winter(P<0.05), while SMBC/SMBN had no significant difference in different seasons(P>0.05).(4) There was a significant linear relationship between SOC and SLOC, indicating that soil active organic carbon depended on soil total organic carbon content. And(5) there was a significant relationship among EOC, POC, LFOC, WSOC, SMBC and soil organic carbon(SOC), total nitrogen(TN), while no significant relationship with total phosphorus(TP), which suggested that the components of soil labile organic carbon were closely related, and SOC and TN was the mainly driving factors to soil labile organic carbon in subtropical evergreen broadleaved forest.
引文
GARCíA-DíAZ A,BIENES R,SASTRE B,et al.,2017.Nitrogen losses in vineyards under different types of soil groundcover[J].A field runoff simulator approach in central Spain.Agriculture,Ecosystems&Environment,236,256-267.
GARCíA-DíAZ A,MARQES M J,SASTRE B,et al.,2018.Labile and stable soil organic carbon and physical improvements using groundcovers in vineyards from central Spain[J].Science of The Total Environment,621:387-397.
GHOSH A,BHATTACHARYYA R,MEENA M C,et al.,2018.Long-term fertilization effects on soil organic carbon sequestration in an Inceptisol[J].Soil and Tillage Research,177:134-144.
KIRSCHBAUM M U F,SCHIPPERR L A,MUDGE P L,et al.,2017.The trade-offs between milk production and soil organic carbon storage in dairy systems under different management and environmental factors[J].Science of the Total Environment,577:61-72.
KOYAMA A,HARLOW B,KUSKE C R,et al.,2018.Plant and microbial biomarkers suggest mechanisms of soil organic carbon accumulation in a Mojave Desert ecosystem under elevated CO2[J].Soil Biology and Biochemistry,120:48-57.
LI J,WEN Y C,LI X H,et al.,2018.Soil labile organic carbon fractions and soil organic carbon stocks as affected by long-term organic and mineral fertilization regimes in the North China Plain[J].Soil and Tillage Research,175:281-290.
LI Q,CHENG X L,LUO Y Q,et al.,2017.Consistent temperature sensitivity of labile soil organic carbon mineralization along an elevation gradient in the Wuyi Mountains,China[J].Applied Soil Ecology,117-118:32-37.
LIU X,RASHTI M R,DOUGALL A,et al.,2018.Subsoil application of compost improved sugarcane yield through enhanced supply and cycling of soil labile organic carbon and nitrogen in an acidic soil at tropical Australia[J].Soil and Tillage Research,180:73-81.
LI Y C,LI Y F,CHANG S X,et al.,2017.Linking soil fungal community structure and function to soil organic carbon chemical composition in intensively managed subtropical bamboo forests[J].Soil Biology and Biochemistry,107:19-31.
LI Z Q,ZHAO B Z,HAO X Y,et al.,2017.Effects of residue incorporation and plant growth on soil labile organic carbon and microbial function and community composition under two soil moisture levels[J].Environmental Science and Pollution Research,24(23):18849-18859.
LUO Z K,FENG W T,LUO Y Q,et al.,2017.Soil organic carbon dynamics jointly controlled by climate,carbon inputs,soil properties and soil carbon fractions[J].Global change biology,23(10):4430-4439.
LUO Z K,WANG E L,FENG W T,et al.,2018.The importance and requirement of belowground carbon inputs for robust estimation of soil organic carbon dynamics:Reply to Keel et al.(2017)[J].Global Change Biology,24(2):e397-e398.
MUQADDAS B,LEWIS T,ESFANDBOD M,et al.,2018.Responses of labile soil organic carbon and nitrogen pools to long-term prescribed burning regimes in a wet sclerophyll forest of southeast Queensland,Australia[J].The Science of the total environment,647:110-120.
NARESH R K,GUPTA R K,PRASAD K S K,et al.,2018.Impact of conservation tillage on soil organic carbon storage and soil labile organic carbon fractions of different textured soils under rice-wheat cropping system:A review[J].Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry,7(3):2545-2562.
NARESH R K,PURUSHOTTAM S K,Malik M,et al.,2018.Effects of Tillage;Residue and nutrient management on top soil carbon stocks and soil labile organic carbon fractions in the Indo-gangetic plains of north west India:A review[J].Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry,7(3):1818-1842.
SHEN Y F,CHENG R M,XIAO W F,et al.,2018.Labile organic carbon pools and enzyme activities of Pinus massoniana plantation soil as affected by understory vegetation removal and thinning[J].Scientific reports,8(1):573.
SILVA OLIVEIRA D M,PAUSTIAN K,COTRUFO M F,et al.,2017.Assessing labile organic carbon in soils undergoing land use change in Brazil:A comparison of approaches[J].Ecological indicators,72:411-419.
SONG M H,GUO Y,YU F H,et al.,2018.Shifts in priming partly explain impacts of long-term nitrogen input in different chemical forms on soil organic carbon storage[J].Global change biology,32(5):231-238.
SOUCéMARIANADIN L N,CECILLON L,GUENET B,et al.,2018.Environmental factors controlling soil organic carbon stability in French forest soils[J].Plant and Soil,426(1-2):267-286.
SRUTHI S N,RAMASAMY E V,2018.Enrichment of soil organic carbon by native earthworms in a patch of tropical soil,Kerala,India:First report[J].Scientific reports,8(1):5784.
THAYSEN E M,REINSCH S,LARSEN K S,et al.,2017.Decrease in heathland soil labile organic carbon under future atmospheric and climatic conditions[J].Biogeochemistry,133(1):17-36.
WOOD S A,BRADFORD M A,2018.Leveraging a new understanding of how belowground food webs stabilize soil organic matter to promote ecological intensification of agriculture[M]//Soil Carbon Storage.5:117-136.
YANG X,MENG J,LAN Y,et al.,2017.Effects of maize stover and its biochar on soil CO2 emissions and labile organic carbon fractions in Northeast China[J].Agriculture,Ecosystems&Environment,240:24-31.
YANG X,WANG D,LAN Y,et al.,2018.Labile organic carbon fractions and carbon pool management index in a 3-year field study with biochar amendment[J].Journal of Soils and Sediments,18(4):1569-1578.
YUAN Y,ZHAO Z Q,LI X Z,et al.,2018.Characteristics of labile organic carbon fractions in reclaimed mine soils:Evidence from three reclaimed forests in the Pingshuo opencast coal mine,China[J].Science of the Total Environment,613-614:1196-1206.
ZHAO S X,TA N,LI Z H,et al.,2018.Varying pyrolysis temperature impacts application effects of biochar on soil labile organic carbon and humic fractions[J].Applied Soil Ecology,123:484-493.
丁访军,高艳平,周凤娇,等,2012.贵州西部4种林型土壤有机碳及其剖面分布特征[J].生态环境学报,21(1):38-43.DING F J,GAO Y P,ZHOU F J,et al.,2012.Soil organic carbon and its distribution characteristics in the soil profile for four forest types in west Guizhou[J].Ecology and Environment Sciences,21(1):38-43.
房飞,唐海萍,李滨勇,2013.不同土地利用方式对土壤有机碳及其组分影响研究[J].生态环境学报,22(11):1774-1779.FANG F,TANG H P,LI B Y,2013.Effects of land use type on soil organic carbon and its fractions[J].Ecology and Environment Sciences,22(11):1774-1779.
解宪丽,孙波,周慧珍,等,2004.不同植被下中国土壤有机碳的储量与影响因子[J].土壤学报,41(5):687-699.XIE X L,SUN B,ZHOU H Z,et al.,2004.Soil carbon stocks and their influencing factors under native vegetations in China[J].Aata Pedologica Sinica,41(5):687-699.
梁启鹏,余新晓,庞卓,等,2010.不同林分土壤有机碳密度研究[J].生态环境学报,19(4):889-893.LIANG Q P,YU X X,PANG Z,et al.,2010.Study on soil organic carbon density of different forest types[J].Ecology and Environment Sciences,19(4):889-893.
万忠梅,郭岳,郭跃东,2011.土地利用对湿地土壤活性有机碳的影响研究进展[J].生态环境学报,20(3):567-570.WAN Z M,GUO Q,GUO Y D,2011.Research progress on influence of land use on wetland soil active organic carbon[J].Ecology and Environment Sciences,20(3):567-570.
徐香兰,张科利,徐宪立,等,2003.黄土高原地区土壤有机碳估算及其分布规律分析[J].水土保持学报,17(3):13-15.XU X L,ZHANG K L,XU X L,et al.,2003.Spatial Distribution and Estimating of Soil Organic Carbon on Loess Plateau[J].Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,17(3):13-15.
杨玉盛,谢锦升,盛浩,等,2007.中亚热带山区土地利用变化对土壤有机碳储量和质量的影响[J].地理学报,62(11):1123-1131.YANG Y S,XIE J R,SHENG H,et al.,2007.The impact of land use/cover change on storage and quality of soil organic carbon in mid-subtropical mountainous area of southern China[J].Journal of Geographical Sciences,62(11):1123-1131.
GARCíA-DíAZ A,MARQES M J,SASTRE B,et al.,2018.Labile and stable soil organic carbon and physical improvements using groundcovers in vineyards from central Spain[J].Science of The Total Environment,621:387-397.
GHOSH A,BHATTACHARYYA R,MEENA M C,et al.,2018.Long-term fertilization effects on soil organic carbon sequestration in an Inceptisol[J].Soil and Tillage Research,177:134-144.
KIRSCHBAUM M U F,SCHIPPERR L A,MUDGE P L,et al.,2017.The trade-offs between milk production and soil organic carbon storage in dairy systems under different management and environmental factors[J].Science of the Total Environment,577:61-72.
KOYAMA A,HARLOW B,KUSKE C R,et al.,2018.Plant and microbial biomarkers suggest mechanisms of soil organic carbon accumulation in a Mojave Desert ecosystem under elevated CO2[J].Soil Biology and Biochemistry,120:48-57.
LI J,WEN Y C,LI X H,et al.,2018.Soil labile organic carbon fractions and soil organic carbon stocks as affected by long-term organic and mineral fertilization regimes in the North China Plain[J].Soil and Tillage Research,175:281-290.
LI Q,CHENG X L,LUO Y Q,et al.,2017.Consistent temperature sensitivity of labile soil organic carbon mineralization along an elevation gradient in the Wuyi Mountains,China[J].Applied Soil Ecology,117-118:32-37.
LIU X,RASHTI M R,DOUGALL A,et al.,2018.Subsoil application of compost improved sugarcane yield through enhanced supply and cycling of soil labile organic carbon and nitrogen in an acidic soil at tropical Australia[J].Soil and Tillage Research,180:73-81.
LI Y C,LI Y F,CHANG S X,et al.,2017.Linking soil fungal community structure and function to soil organic carbon chemical composition in intensively managed subtropical bamboo forests[J].Soil Biology and Biochemistry,107:19-31.
LI Z Q,ZHAO B Z,HAO X Y,et al.,2017.Effects of residue incorporation and plant growth on soil labile organic carbon and microbial function and community composition under two soil moisture levels[J].Environmental Science and Pollution Research,24(23):18849-18859.
LUO Z K,FENG W T,LUO Y Q,et al.,2017.Soil organic carbon dynamics jointly controlled by climate,carbon inputs,soil properties and soil carbon fractions[J].Global change biology,23(10):4430-4439.
LUO Z K,WANG E L,FENG W T,et al.,2018.The importance and requirement of belowground carbon inputs for robust estimation of soil organic carbon dynamics:Reply to Keel et al.(2017)[J].Global Change Biology,24(2):e397-e398.
MUQADDAS B,LEWIS T,ESFANDBOD M,et al.,2018.Responses of labile soil organic carbon and nitrogen pools to long-term prescribed burning regimes in a wet sclerophyll forest of southeast Queensland,Australia[J].The Science of the total environment,647:110-120.
NARESH R K,GUPTA R K,PRASAD K S K,et al.,2018.Impact of conservation tillage on soil organic carbon storage and soil labile organic carbon fractions of different textured soils under rice-wheat cropping system:A review[J].Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry,7(3):2545-2562.
NARESH R K,PURUSHOTTAM S K,Malik M,et al.,2018.Effects of Tillage;Residue and nutrient management on top soil carbon stocks and soil labile organic carbon fractions in the Indo-gangetic plains of north west India:A review[J].Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry,7(3):1818-1842.
SHEN Y F,CHENG R M,XIAO W F,et al.,2018.Labile organic carbon pools and enzyme activities of Pinus massoniana plantation soil as affected by understory vegetation removal and thinning[J].Scientific reports,8(1):573.
SILVA OLIVEIRA D M,PAUSTIAN K,COTRUFO M F,et al.,2017.Assessing labile organic carbon in soils undergoing land use change in Brazil:A comparison of approaches[J].Ecological indicators,72:411-419.
SONG M H,GUO Y,YU F H,et al.,2018.Shifts in priming partly explain impacts of long-term nitrogen input in different chemical forms on soil organic carbon storage[J].Global change biology,32(5):231-238.
SOUCéMARIANADIN L N,CECILLON L,GUENET B,et al.,2018.Environmental factors controlling soil organic carbon stability in French forest soils[J].Plant and Soil,426(1-2):267-286.
SRUTHI S N,RAMASAMY E V,2018.Enrichment of soil organic carbon by native earthworms in a patch of tropical soil,Kerala,India:First report[J].Scientific reports,8(1):5784.
THAYSEN E M,REINSCH S,LARSEN K S,et al.,2017.Decrease in heathland soil labile organic carbon under future atmospheric and climatic conditions[J].Biogeochemistry,133(1):17-36.
WOOD S A,BRADFORD M A,2018.Leveraging a new understanding of how belowground food webs stabilize soil organic matter to promote ecological intensification of agriculture[M]//Soil Carbon Storage.5:117-136.
YANG X,MENG J,LAN Y,et al.,2017.Effects of maize stover and its biochar on soil CO2 emissions and labile organic carbon fractions in Northeast China[J].Agriculture,Ecosystems&Environment,240:24-31.
YANG X,WANG D,LAN Y,et al.,2018.Labile organic carbon fractions and carbon pool management index in a 3-year field study with biochar amendment[J].Journal of Soils and Sediments,18(4):1569-1578.
YUAN Y,ZHAO Z Q,LI X Z,et al.,2018.Characteristics of labile organic carbon fractions in reclaimed mine soils:Evidence from three reclaimed forests in the Pingshuo opencast coal mine,China[J].Science of the Total Environment,613-614:1196-1206.
ZHAO S X,TA N,LI Z H,et al.,2018.Varying pyrolysis temperature impacts application effects of biochar on soil labile organic carbon and humic fractions[J].Applied Soil Ecology,123:484-493.
丁访军,高艳平,周凤娇,等,2012.贵州西部4种林型土壤有机碳及其剖面分布特征[J].生态环境学报,21(1):38-43.DING F J,GAO Y P,ZHOU F J,et al.,2012.Soil organic carbon and its distribution characteristics in the soil profile for four forest types in west Guizhou[J].Ecology and Environment Sciences,21(1):38-43.
房飞,唐海萍,李滨勇,2013.不同土地利用方式对土壤有机碳及其组分影响研究[J].生态环境学报,22(11):1774-1779.FANG F,TANG H P,LI B Y,2013.Effects of land use type on soil organic carbon and its fractions[J].Ecology and Environment Sciences,22(11):1774-1779.
解宪丽,孙波,周慧珍,等,2004.不同植被下中国土壤有机碳的储量与影响因子[J].土壤学报,41(5):687-699.XIE X L,SUN B,ZHOU H Z,et al.,2004.Soil carbon stocks and their influencing factors under native vegetations in China[J].Aata Pedologica Sinica,41(5):687-699.
梁启鹏,余新晓,庞卓,等,2010.不同林分土壤有机碳密度研究[J].生态环境学报,19(4):889-893.LIANG Q P,YU X X,PANG Z,et al.,2010.Study on soil organic carbon density of different forest types[J].Ecology and Environment Sciences,19(4):889-893.
万忠梅,郭岳,郭跃东,2011.土地利用对湿地土壤活性有机碳的影响研究进展[J].生态环境学报,20(3):567-570.WAN Z M,GUO Q,GUO Y D,2011.Research progress on influence of land use on wetland soil active organic carbon[J].Ecology and Environment Sciences,20(3):567-570.
徐香兰,张科利,徐宪立,等,2003.黄土高原地区土壤有机碳估算及其分布规律分析[J].水土保持学报,17(3):13-15.XU X L,ZHANG K L,XU X L,et al.,2003.Spatial Distribution and Estimating of Soil Organic Carbon on Loess Plateau[J].Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,17(3):13-15.
杨玉盛,谢锦升,盛浩,等,2007.中亚热带山区土地利用变化对土壤有机碳储量和质量的影响[J].地理学报,62(11):1123-1131.YANG Y S,XIE J R,SHENG H,et al.,2007.The impact of land use/cover change on storage and quality of soil organic carbon in mid-subtropical mountainous area of southern China[J].Journal of Geographical Sciences,62(11):1123-1131.