科研诚信:研究进展与趋势
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摘要
随着时代的变迁以及科研事业的发展,科研诚信问题日趋突显,日益受到人们的重视。为了更好地规范和解决科研诚信问题,世界各国研究者对此展开了广泛的研究。国外关于科研诚信问题的研究,主要涉及科研诚信相关概念、科研行为责任及科研诚信问题的认识、世界各国处理科研诚信问题实践经验、科研诚信问题影响因素、科研诚信问题与改进措施等主题。特别是全球性科研诚信研究会议的出现,使得对科研诚信问题的研究不断扩大与深入。科研诚信世界大会至今已成功举办了五届,第五届科研诚信世界大会于2017年5月在荷兰的阿姆斯特丹举行,论坛围绕透明度和问责制相互关联的主题组织。就国内研究而言,主要涉及科研诚信的概念、内涵及原因、科研诚信影响因素、科研诚信教育培训、科研诚信法律问题、国外经验介绍与中外比较、科研诚信问题改进措施等研究主题。可以说,科研诚信已从经验问题上升到学术问题、从学术界内部问题扩大到公众视野问题、从区域讨论问题扩展到国际论坛问题,但尚有许多问题亟待解决,今后需以制定清晰的路线图、统一规范与治理、加强教育培训、促进透明与问责等主题为重点进一步深入研究。
引文
[1] Nicholas Steneck,Melissa Anderson,Sabine Kleinert,Tony Mayer. Integrity in the Global Research Arena[M]. World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte,Ltd,2015.
[2] Ping Sun. HOW MANY CODES OF CONDUCT DO WE NEED? THE CHINESE EXPERIENCE. Promoting Research Integrity in a Global Environment[M]. World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte,Ltd,2012.
[3]国家自然科学基金委员会通报科研不端行为典型案例及近期查处的科研不端行为案件处理决定[N].中国科学报,2016-12-13.
[4]张洁平.中国学术腐败将动摇国本”[N].亚洲周刊,2006-8-28.
[5]柏木钉.学术诚信建设要有“牙齿”[N].人民日报,2016-11-21. 18.
[6] Nicholas H. Steneck. Fostering Integrity in Research:Definitions,Current Knowledge,and Future Directions[J]. Science and Engineering Ethics,2006(12):53-74.; Anne E. Kraemer Diaz,Chaya R. Spears Johnson,Thomas A. Variation in the interpretation of scientific integrity in community-based participatory health research. Arcury[J]. Social Science&Medicine,2013(97):134e142.
[7] Carl Mitcham. Co-Responsibility for Research Integrity[J]. Science and Engineering Ethics,2003(9):273-290.
[8] Pierre Cossette. Research Integrity:An Exploratory Survey of Administrative Science Faculties[J]. Journal of Business Ethics,2004(49):213-234.
[9] Mladen Petroveèki,Mary D. Scheetz. Croatian Medical Journal Introduces Culture,Control,and the Study of Research Integrity[J]. Croatian Medical Journal,2001,42(1):7-13.; Ping Sun. HOW MANY CODES OF CONDUCT DO WE NEED? THE CHINESE EXPERIENCE. Promoting Research Integrity in a Global Environment[M]. World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte,Ltd,2012.; Ren Yi,Alan McCormack. APEC Research Integrity Principles Project Report to Member Economies[R]. 2016.; and others.
[10] Ren Yi,Suzanne Morris.澳大利亚科研诚信管理探析[J].科学观察,2011(1):1-6.
[11] Darko Hren,Ana Vujaklija,Ranka Ivanis evic,Josip Knez evic,Matko Marus ic&Ana Marus ic. Students'moral reasoning,Machiavellianism and socially desirable responding:implications for teaching ethics and research integrity[J]. Medical Education, 2006(40):269-277.
[12] B. C. Martinson,A. L. Crain,R. De Vries,M. S.Anderson. The Importance of Organizational Justice in Ensuring Research Integrity[J]. Journal of Empirical Research on Human Research Ethics,2010:67-83.
[13] Pierre Cossette. Research Integrity:An Exploratory Survey of Administrative Science Faculties[J]. Journal of Business Ethics,2004(49):213-234.
[14] Margot Iverson,Mark S. Frankel,Sanyin Siang. Scientific Societies and Research Integrity:What Are They Doing and How Well Are They Doing It?[J]. Science and Engineering Ethics,2003(9):141-158.
[15] Elsevier B. V.. Whither research integrity? Plagiarism,self-plagiarism and coercive citation in an age of research assessment[J]. Research Policy,2013(42):1005-1014.
[16] Anna C. Mastroiannia,and Jeffrey P. Kahnb. Encouraging Accountability in Research:A Pilot Assessment of Training Efforts[J]. Accountability in Research,1999(7):85-100.
[17] Otto CM,Bradley SM,Newby DE. Research integrity:we are all Accountable[J]. Heart,2015(101):414-415.
[18] S. VAN MCCRARY,etc. A National Survey of Policies on Disclosure of Conflicts of Interest in Biomedical Research[J]. The New England Journal of Medicine,Volume 343,Number 22:1621-1626.
[19] Melissa S. Anderson,Ph D,Aaron S. Horn,MA,Kelly R. Risbey,MEd,Emily A. Ronning,MA,Raymond De Vries,Ph D,and Brian C. Martinson,Ph D. What Do Mentoring and Training in the Responsible Conduct of Research Have To Do with Scientists'Misbehavior?Findings from a National Survey of NIH-Funded Scientists[J]. Academic Medicine,2007(82):853-860.
[20] Nicholas H. Steneck. Global Research Integrity Training[J].(May 2,2013)Science 340(6132),552-553.
[21] C. K. TUNSALST,ID. Institutional Structure to Ensure Research Integrity[J]. Academic Medicine,september supplememt(1993):S33=S38.
[22] Pierre Cossette. Research Integrity:An Exploratory Survey of Administrative Science Faculties[J]. Journal of Business Ethics,2004(49):213-234.
[23] Sandra Titus,Xavier Bosch. Tie funding to research integrity[J]. Nature,2010,466(22):2010:436-437.
[24] Sandra L. Titus,James A. Wells,Lawrence J. Rhoades. Repairing research integrity[J]. Nature,2008,453(19):980-982.
[25] Tony Mayer,Nicholas Steneck. Promoting Research Integrity in a Global Environment[M]. World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte,Ltd,2012.
[26] Nicholas Steneck,Melissa Anderson,Sabine Kleinert,Tony Mayer. Integrity in the Global Research Arena[M]. World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte,Ltd,2015.
[27] Proceedings of the 4th World Conference on Research Integrity[J]. Research Integrity and Peer Review,2016,Volume 1 Suppl 1.
[28] Conference Theme,Program Structure,and Envisioned Output of the 5th World Conference on Research Integrity[DB/OL]. http://www. wcri2017. org/program/conference-theme.
[29]方玉东,陈越,董宏伟.与“科研诚信”有关的术语比较和翻译研究[J].中国科技术语,2014(6):32-35.
[30]夏文莉.基于因子分析法的科研诚信评价机制研究[J].科研管理,2013(10):118-122.
[31]马佰莲,谢婧.近十年国内科研诚信研究述评[J].齐鲁师范学院学报,2012(12):49-54.
[32]蒋美仕,陈俊宇,徐陶.科研诚信范式及其认识论和方法论意蕴[J].自然辩证法研究,2015(11):42-47.
[33]熊建练,王婷婷,成黎明.高校研究生科研诚信影响因素实证分析[J].统计与决策,2015(8):114-117.
[34]单红梅,等.科研人员的个体特征对其诚信行为的交互影响研究[J].科技管理研究,2015(1):237-241.
[35]汪伟良,刘红.基于结构方程模型的科研诚信行为影响因素[J].中国科技论坛,2015(4):5-10.
[36]熊新正,胡恩华,修立军,单红梅.科研诚信行为影响因素研究综述[J].科学管理研究,2012(3):39-42.
[37]肖雪珍,王念,殷刚.科研诚信教育的内涵、途径和意义[J].教育教学论坛,2014(3):9-11.
[38]方冬姝,杨磊,韦映梅.导师对研究生科研诚信养成作用的实证研究[J].中原工学院学报,2015(2):98-103.
[39]雷晓锋,王文文,冯蓉,丁永斌.高校研究生科研诚信教育的多维审视和途径分析[J].思想教育研究,2014(6):80-82.
[40]曹望华,谢玲.国内科研诚信法律问题研究综述[J].重庆社会主义学院学报,2013(3):82-88.
[41]王国骞,唐伟华,陈越.世界各国科研诚信立法模式及我国立法特征[J].中国基础科学,2013(4):59-61.
[42]程如烟,文玲艺.主要国家加强科研诚信建设的做法及对我国的启示[J].世界科技研究与成展,2013(1):153-156.
[43]吴华刚.国外促进科研诚信建设的经验概述及启示[J].科技与产业,2014(3):103-106.
[44]刘军仪.基于治理视角下的大学科研诚信建设研究[J].科技管理研究,2015(19):80-83.
[45]付淑琼.美国大学教师科研诚信系统及其对我国的启示[J].高等教育研究,2015(1):92-97.
[46]刘爱生.美国高校学术不端的调查程序与处罚机制——以埃里克·玻尔曼案为例[J].外国教育研究,2016(11):96-108.
[47]孙平.英国加强科研诚信建设及其启示[J].科学中国人,2013(12):28-30.
[48]陈文晶,曲长海.中美高校科研诚信体系建设比较分析[J].黑龙江省政府管理干部学院学报,2014(4):154-156.
[49]张萌.从科学的社会契约关系角度谈科研诚信建设[J].产业与科技论坛,2015(11):243-244.
[50]赵海萍.高校科研诚信建设之自律策略分析报告[J].中国农业教育,2014(6):83-86.
[51]赵海萍.高校科研诚信之他律策略可行性分析[J].黑龙江高教研究,2015(4):51-53.
[52]朱珊珊,王建学.当前高校科研诚信建设的三个误区与化解[J].人民政坛,2015(7):42-43.
[53]解本远.构建合理的科研诚信观[J].道德与文明,2014(2):119-123.
[54]杜鹏,杨燕萍,关晓斌.高校人文社会科学科研工作者学术道德与诚信状况[J].中国人民大学学报,2012(4):144-153.
[55]高飞.基于三层架构的高校教师科研诚信管理系统研究[J].软件导刊,2014(7):86-87.
[56]倪楠.科研活动中诚信数据库的应用[J].安徽科技,2016(6):29-30.
[57]周晓艳,朱冰倩,郭建伟.如何提高本科毕业论文的质量——基于科研诚信检测手段的有效性及后果分析[J].市场论坛,2014(7):95-97.
[58]张欣欣.制度建设:科研诚信的有力保障[J].中国高校科技,2014(9):4-6.
[59] Science Europe Governing Board. Research Integrity in the European Policy Landscape:Open Letter by Science Europe Governing Board[R]. 2016-12-15.
[60] Ren Yi,Alan McCormack. APEC Research Integrity Principles Project Report to Member Economics[R].August 2016.
[61]麦克里那.科研诚信——负责任的科研行为教程与案例(第三版)[M].何鸣鸿,陈越,等,译.北京:高等教育出版社,2011.
[2] Ping Sun. HOW MANY CODES OF CONDUCT DO WE NEED? THE CHINESE EXPERIENCE. Promoting Research Integrity in a Global Environment[M]. World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte,Ltd,2012.
[3]国家自然科学基金委员会通报科研不端行为典型案例及近期查处的科研不端行为案件处理决定[N].中国科学报,2016-12-13.
[4]张洁平.中国学术腐败将动摇国本”[N].亚洲周刊,2006-8-28.
[5]柏木钉.学术诚信建设要有“牙齿”[N].人民日报,2016-11-21. 18.
[6] Nicholas H. Steneck. Fostering Integrity in Research:Definitions,Current Knowledge,and Future Directions[J]. Science and Engineering Ethics,2006(12):53-74.; Anne E. Kraemer Diaz,Chaya R. Spears Johnson,Thomas A. Variation in the interpretation of scientific integrity in community-based participatory health research. Arcury[J]. Social Science&Medicine,2013(97):134e142.
[7] Carl Mitcham. Co-Responsibility for Research Integrity[J]. Science and Engineering Ethics,2003(9):273-290.
[8] Pierre Cossette. Research Integrity:An Exploratory Survey of Administrative Science Faculties[J]. Journal of Business Ethics,2004(49):213-234.
[9] Mladen Petroveèki,Mary D. Scheetz. Croatian Medical Journal Introduces Culture,Control,and the Study of Research Integrity[J]. Croatian Medical Journal,2001,42(1):7-13.; Ping Sun. HOW MANY CODES OF CONDUCT DO WE NEED? THE CHINESE EXPERIENCE. Promoting Research Integrity in a Global Environment[M]. World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte,Ltd,2012.; Ren Yi,Alan McCormack. APEC Research Integrity Principles Project Report to Member Economies[R]. 2016.; and others.
[10] Ren Yi,Suzanne Morris.澳大利亚科研诚信管理探析[J].科学观察,2011(1):1-6.
[11] Darko Hren,Ana Vujaklija,Ranka Ivanis evic,Josip Knez evic,Matko Marus ic&Ana Marus ic. Students'moral reasoning,Machiavellianism and socially desirable responding:implications for teaching ethics and research integrity[J]. Medical Education, 2006(40):269-277.
[12] B. C. Martinson,A. L. Crain,R. De Vries,M. S.Anderson. The Importance of Organizational Justice in Ensuring Research Integrity[J]. Journal of Empirical Research on Human Research Ethics,2010:67-83.
[13] Pierre Cossette. Research Integrity:An Exploratory Survey of Administrative Science Faculties[J]. Journal of Business Ethics,2004(49):213-234.
[14] Margot Iverson,Mark S. Frankel,Sanyin Siang. Scientific Societies and Research Integrity:What Are They Doing and How Well Are They Doing It?[J]. Science and Engineering Ethics,2003(9):141-158.
[15] Elsevier B. V.. Whither research integrity? Plagiarism,self-plagiarism and coercive citation in an age of research assessment[J]. Research Policy,2013(42):1005-1014.
[16] Anna C. Mastroiannia,and Jeffrey P. Kahnb. Encouraging Accountability in Research:A Pilot Assessment of Training Efforts[J]. Accountability in Research,1999(7):85-100.
[17] Otto CM,Bradley SM,Newby DE. Research integrity:we are all Accountable[J]. Heart,2015(101):414-415.
[18] S. VAN MCCRARY,etc. A National Survey of Policies on Disclosure of Conflicts of Interest in Biomedical Research[J]. The New England Journal of Medicine,Volume 343,Number 22:1621-1626.
[19] Melissa S. Anderson,Ph D,Aaron S. Horn,MA,Kelly R. Risbey,MEd,Emily A. Ronning,MA,Raymond De Vries,Ph D,and Brian C. Martinson,Ph D. What Do Mentoring and Training in the Responsible Conduct of Research Have To Do with Scientists'Misbehavior?Findings from a National Survey of NIH-Funded Scientists[J]. Academic Medicine,2007(82):853-860.
[20] Nicholas H. Steneck. Global Research Integrity Training[J].(May 2,2013)Science 340(6132),552-553.
[21] C. K. TUNSALST,ID. Institutional Structure to Ensure Research Integrity[J]. Academic Medicine,september supplememt(1993):S33=S38.
[22] Pierre Cossette. Research Integrity:An Exploratory Survey of Administrative Science Faculties[J]. Journal of Business Ethics,2004(49):213-234.
[23] Sandra Titus,Xavier Bosch. Tie funding to research integrity[J]. Nature,2010,466(22):2010:436-437.
[24] Sandra L. Titus,James A. Wells,Lawrence J. Rhoades. Repairing research integrity[J]. Nature,2008,453(19):980-982.
[25] Tony Mayer,Nicholas Steneck. Promoting Research Integrity in a Global Environment[M]. World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte,Ltd,2012.
[26] Nicholas Steneck,Melissa Anderson,Sabine Kleinert,Tony Mayer. Integrity in the Global Research Arena[M]. World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte,Ltd,2015.
[27] Proceedings of the 4th World Conference on Research Integrity[J]. Research Integrity and Peer Review,2016,Volume 1 Suppl 1.
[28] Conference Theme,Program Structure,and Envisioned Output of the 5th World Conference on Research Integrity[DB/OL]. http://www. wcri2017. org/program/conference-theme.
[29]方玉东,陈越,董宏伟.与“科研诚信”有关的术语比较和翻译研究[J].中国科技术语,2014(6):32-35.
[30]夏文莉.基于因子分析法的科研诚信评价机制研究[J].科研管理,2013(10):118-122.
[31]马佰莲,谢婧.近十年国内科研诚信研究述评[J].齐鲁师范学院学报,2012(12):49-54.
[32]蒋美仕,陈俊宇,徐陶.科研诚信范式及其认识论和方法论意蕴[J].自然辩证法研究,2015(11):42-47.
[33]熊建练,王婷婷,成黎明.高校研究生科研诚信影响因素实证分析[J].统计与决策,2015(8):114-117.
[34]单红梅,等.科研人员的个体特征对其诚信行为的交互影响研究[J].科技管理研究,2015(1):237-241.
[35]汪伟良,刘红.基于结构方程模型的科研诚信行为影响因素[J].中国科技论坛,2015(4):5-10.
[36]熊新正,胡恩华,修立军,单红梅.科研诚信行为影响因素研究综述[J].科学管理研究,2012(3):39-42.
[37]肖雪珍,王念,殷刚.科研诚信教育的内涵、途径和意义[J].教育教学论坛,2014(3):9-11.
[38]方冬姝,杨磊,韦映梅.导师对研究生科研诚信养成作用的实证研究[J].中原工学院学报,2015(2):98-103.
[39]雷晓锋,王文文,冯蓉,丁永斌.高校研究生科研诚信教育的多维审视和途径分析[J].思想教育研究,2014(6):80-82.
[40]曹望华,谢玲.国内科研诚信法律问题研究综述[J].重庆社会主义学院学报,2013(3):82-88.
[41]王国骞,唐伟华,陈越.世界各国科研诚信立法模式及我国立法特征[J].中国基础科学,2013(4):59-61.
[42]程如烟,文玲艺.主要国家加强科研诚信建设的做法及对我国的启示[J].世界科技研究与成展,2013(1):153-156.
[43]吴华刚.国外促进科研诚信建设的经验概述及启示[J].科技与产业,2014(3):103-106.
[44]刘军仪.基于治理视角下的大学科研诚信建设研究[J].科技管理研究,2015(19):80-83.
[45]付淑琼.美国大学教师科研诚信系统及其对我国的启示[J].高等教育研究,2015(1):92-97.
[46]刘爱生.美国高校学术不端的调查程序与处罚机制——以埃里克·玻尔曼案为例[J].外国教育研究,2016(11):96-108.
[47]孙平.英国加强科研诚信建设及其启示[J].科学中国人,2013(12):28-30.
[48]陈文晶,曲长海.中美高校科研诚信体系建设比较分析[J].黑龙江省政府管理干部学院学报,2014(4):154-156.
[49]张萌.从科学的社会契约关系角度谈科研诚信建设[J].产业与科技论坛,2015(11):243-244.
[50]赵海萍.高校科研诚信建设之自律策略分析报告[J].中国农业教育,2014(6):83-86.
[51]赵海萍.高校科研诚信之他律策略可行性分析[J].黑龙江高教研究,2015(4):51-53.
[52]朱珊珊,王建学.当前高校科研诚信建设的三个误区与化解[J].人民政坛,2015(7):42-43.
[53]解本远.构建合理的科研诚信观[J].道德与文明,2014(2):119-123.
[54]杜鹏,杨燕萍,关晓斌.高校人文社会科学科研工作者学术道德与诚信状况[J].中国人民大学学报,2012(4):144-153.
[55]高飞.基于三层架构的高校教师科研诚信管理系统研究[J].软件导刊,2014(7):86-87.
[56]倪楠.科研活动中诚信数据库的应用[J].安徽科技,2016(6):29-30.
[57]周晓艳,朱冰倩,郭建伟.如何提高本科毕业论文的质量——基于科研诚信检测手段的有效性及后果分析[J].市场论坛,2014(7):95-97.
[58]张欣欣.制度建设:科研诚信的有力保障[J].中国高校科技,2014(9):4-6.
[59] Science Europe Governing Board. Research Integrity in the European Policy Landscape:Open Letter by Science Europe Governing Board[R]. 2016-12-15.
[60] Ren Yi,Alan McCormack. APEC Research Integrity Principles Project Report to Member Economics[R].August 2016.
[61]麦克里那.科研诚信——负责任的科研行为教程与案例(第三版)[M].何鸣鸿,陈越,等,译.北京:高等教育出版社,2011.