日本乏燃料的安全管理及对我国的启示
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摘要
乏燃料安全管理是核能利用和核燃料循环的重要环节。日本和我国是亚洲地区的主要核能利用大国,两国均将核能作为一种长期发展的能源。同时,日本和我国均采用闭式燃料循环政策,日本在乏燃料后处理方面实践经验较丰富。通过调研日本的乏燃料管理策略、管理模式和管理特点,结合我国的实际情况,对制定乏燃料管理和实施指导、建立利益相关方协调平台、推进相关技术研发、统筹安排后处理和高放废物地质处置四个方面提出相应的管理思想和建议。
The safety management of spent fuel is an important link of nuclear energy utilization and nuclear fuel cycle. Japan and China are the major powers in the use of nuclear energy in Asia, and both of them take nuclear energy as a kind of energy for long-term development. Meanwhile, Japan and China both adopt the closed fuel cycle policy, and Japan has rich practical experience in spent fuel reprocessing. By investigating the management strategy, management mode and management characteristicsof spent fuel management in Japan, and combined with the actual situation of spent fuel safety management in China, this paper puts forward the corresponding management ideas and suggestions such as the formulation of spent fuel management and implementation guidance, establishment of stakeholder coordination platform, promotion of related technology research and development, overall arrangement of post-treatment and geological disposal of high-level.
The safety management of spent fuel is an important link of nuclear energy utilization and nuclear fuel cycle. Japan and China are the major powers in the use of nuclear energy in Asia, and both of them take nuclear energy as a kind of energy for long-term development. Meanwhile, Japan and China both adopt the closed fuel cycle policy, and Japan has rich practical experience in spent fuel reprocessing. By investigating the management strategy, management mode and management characteristicsof spent fuel management in Japan, and combined with the actual situation of spent fuel safety management in China, this paper puts forward the corresponding management ideas and suggestions such as the formulation of spent fuel management and implementation guidance, establishment of stakeholder coordination platform, promotion of related technology research and development, overall arrangement of post-treatment and geological disposal of high-level.
引文
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[3]Government of Japan.National Report of Japan for the Fourth Review Meeting,Joint Convention on The Safety of Spent Fuel Management and on The Safety of Radioactive Waste Management[R].Vienna:IAEA,2011.
[4]Masumi WATARU.Spent Fuel Management in Japan and Key Issues on R&D Activities[C]//Hilton Alexandria Old Town.INMMSpent Fuel Management Seminar,2013.
[5]Japan Nuclear Fuel Limited.Progress of the Reprocessing Plant up until now.[EB/OL].(2019-4-30)[2019-05-15].https://www.jnfl.co.jp/en/business/reprocessing/.
[6]Tanaka.H.Current State of Japan’s Nuclear Fuel Cycle Projects[C]//GLOBAL-2011,Macular Plenary IV,December 13,2011:4-7.
[7]Japan’s Nuclear Fuel Cycle[EB/OL].(2019-04)[2019-05-15].http://www.world-nuclear.org/information-library/country-profiles/countries-g-n/japan-nuclear-fuel-cycle.aspx.
[8]Nuclear Reprocessing Organization of Japan.Basic Information[EB/OL].(2018-12-31)[2019-05-15].http://www.nuro.or.jp/about/base.html.
[9]Nuclear Waste Management Organization of Japan.Framework of Implementation.[EB/OL].(2019-4-30)[2019-05-15].https://www.numo.or.jp/en/jigyou/new_eng_tab02.html.
[10]Nuclear Waste Management Organization of Japan.Japanese Geological Disposal Program.[EB/OL].(2019-4-30)[2019-05-15].https://www.numo.or.jp/en/jigyou/new_eng_tab01.html.
[11]Nuclear Waste Management Organization of Japan.Geological Disposal Concepts.[EB/OL].(2019-4-30)[2019-05-15].https://www.numo.or.jp/en/jigyou/geological.html
[12]Ministry of Economy,Trade and Industry.Spent Nuclear Fuel Reprocessing Implementation Act[EB/OL].(2019-4-30)[2019-05-15].https://www.meti.go.jp/english/policy/energy_environment/law/pdf/160706.pdf.
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[14]Nuclear Power.Fuel Consumption of Conventional Reactor[EB/OL].(2019-04-30)[2019-05-15].https://www.nuclearpower.net/nuclear-power-plant/nuclear-fuel/fuel-consumptionof-conventional-reactor.
[15]王海龙.高放废物处置库北山预选区区域地下水流模拟及岩体渗透特征研究[D].北京:核工业北京地质研究院,2014.